基于多Agent和本体的散杂货港口集团船舶调度系统研究
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摘要
随着全球经济的不断发展和港口吞吐量的节节攀升,贸易需求国际化在给港口企业带来机遇的同时也对港口各方面服务质量提出了极大的挑战,传统的船舶调度和生产资源调配方式已经无法满足频繁的船舶进出港和装卸货需求；贸易多样化的需求使得港口不得不在兼顾自身利益的同时,满足客户对货运质量的不断提升的要求。因此,如何实现一种适应于散杂货港口集团的船舶调度系统,使其能够在提升港口散杂货船舶作业效率的基础上,提高港口集团的生产调度整体水平,是实现我国散杂货港口集团船舶调度的信息化、智能化的关键。
本文通过对散杂货港口集团船舶调度问题的研究,深入分析了散杂货港口集团的生产运营状况,借助多Agent的结构模式和本体知识推理构建了基于多Agent和本体的散杂货港口集团船舶调度系统原型,主要内容和成果如下：
(1)提出了基于多Agent的散杂货港口集团船舶调度双层体系
散杂货港口集团船舶调度是一个多环节相互作用、多因素相互影响的动态、开放式生产过程,该过程由集团层调度和港务公司调度两阶段组成。本文根据这一特点,充分发挥多Agent系统在分布式计算和协作方面的优势,提出了基于多Agent的散杂货港口集团船舶调度双层体系。
双层体系由港务公司调度计划编制和集团调度计划审核两部分构成,并构建了6类分别具有外部环境感知、本体知识推理和算法模型计算等能力Agent完成双层体系的整体功能。
(2)构建了多Agent系统的协调机制
本文在处理多Agent之间的协调机制过程中,引入了基于集团—港务公司组织结构模式的协作机制和基于冲突消解的协商机制。在冲突消解机制中,提出了基于冲突消解的动态补偿策略,该策略为参与协商的各Agent提供一个相对公平的环境,以实现港口集团船舶调度全局目标和局部目标之间的均衡。
(3)提出了散杂货港口船舶调度领域本体的构建方法
合理的应用船舶调度规则和知识经验积累是提高散杂货港口船舶调度质量的有效手段。本文为实现对散杂货港口船舶调度领域知识推理问题的求解,提出了散杂货港口船舶调度领域本体的构建方法。
构建方法根据散杂货港口船舶调度领域多专业交叉的特点,又进一步提出了领域相关度(Domain Correlation)的概念,详细阐述了多专业本体集成的方法与模型,并针对知识推理构建了本体集成推理体系。
(4)建立了基于改进蚁群算法和本体推理相结合的动态泊位指派模型
泊位指派问题是港口船舶调度中的核心,如何确定船舶的作业顺序、船舶—泊位的靠泊匹配是泊位指派问题的关键。在研究泊位指派问题的过程中,本文将船舶在港时间最小化作为优化的主要指标,基于船舶重要程度的考虑提出了船舶资源使用优先级模型,对传统蚁群算法进行了改进,并将船舶—泊位匹配关系通过本体推理形成约束矩阵。最后,将基于改进蚁群算法和本体推理相结合的模型应用于动态泊位指派问题的求解过程中。
(5)构建了基于多Agent和本体的散杂货港口集团船舶调度系统原型
本文提出了基于多Agent和本体的散杂货港口集团船舶调度系统原型的集成体系结构和技术体系架构,集成体系结构方面主要描述了船舶调度系统与港口生产业务管理系统的集成方式和数据交互方式；技术体系架构描述了实现船舶调度系统原型的各类相关技术组合。
最后,描述了如何采用J2EE框架,借助JADE、Jess和Protege等技术,实现基于多Agent和本体的散杂货港口集团船舶调度系统(Multi-Agent and Ontology Port-group Ship-Scheduling System MAOPSS)原型,并对部分重要功能和界面进行了展示和说明。
With the development of global economic and the port throughput increasing successively, the trade demands become more and more internationalization, which brings opportunities to the termimal and also presents the enormous challenge to the trade service. The traditional way of ship-scheduling and production resource allocation have been already unable to satisfy the demand of ship management and cargo handling. For the termimal,it has to pays attention both on its own benefit and the request of customers by promoting the quality of freight unceasingly. Therefore how to realize a system, which can adapt the ship-scheduling of the bulk port group, and improve the level of production scheduling for the whole group based on the increasing of ship operation efficiency, has become the key of infomationization and intelligentialize for bulk port ship-scheduling in China.
This dissertation analyzes the manufacturing operations deeply, constructs the prototype of bulk port port ship-scheduling system by using the structure of multi-Agent and reasoning model of ontology. Main contents and results are as follows:
(1) Proposed double-layer architecture of bulk port group ship-scheduling based on multi-Agent.
Bulk port group ship-scheduling is a dynamic and open production process with multi-link interaction and interaction of multiple factors. The process consists of two phases:the group layer scheduling and the termimal layer scheduling. According to this characteristic, this paper plays the full advantages of Multi-Agent system on distributed computing and collaboration, and proposes the double tier architecture of bulk port group ship-scheduling based on Multi-Agent.
The double-layer architecture is made up by the scheduling planning of terminal and the scheduling adjusting of group. Besides, this paper also constructed six kinds of agent to accomplish all the functionality, and these agents are separately responsible for perception of the external environment, ontology reasoning and algorithm model.
(2) Constructed a coordination mechanism for Multi-Agent system
When dealing with the coordination problems among the Agents, this paper has introduced the coordination mechanism which is based on the port group organizational structure model as well as the consultation mechanism based on conflict resolution. In the conflict resolution mechanism, this paper proposes the dynamic compensation policy, which can provides a relatively level for all the Agents involved in consultation. In order to realize the balance between the global objectives and local targets in the port group ships scheduling.
(3) Put forward the ontology construction method for bulk port ship-scheduling domain
It is an effective way to use ship-scheduling rules, accumulation of knowledge and experience to improve the quality of bulk port ship-scheduling. In order to solve the domain knowledge reasoning problem about the bulk port ship-scheduling, this paper put forward the ontology construction method in the bulk port ship-scheduling domain.
The methodology, which based on the characteristics of multi-disciplinary cross in the domain of the bulk port ship-scheduling, has proposed the concept "Domain Correlation" in further. Besides, this paper also described multi-disciplinary ontology integration methods and models in detail, and at the same time constructed the ontology integration reasoning system for knowledge reasoning.
(4) Establish the dynamic berth assignment model based on improved ant colony algorithm and the combination of ontology reasoning model
Berth assignment problem is the core of the port ship-scheduling, how to determine the order of the ship's operations, the match of the ship and the berth is the key of the berth assignment problem. In the study process, this paper makes the time of ship in port minimized as the optimization of key indicators, considering the different importance of different ships, this paper put forward a first-class model for the use of ship resources, through the improvement of the traditional ant colony algorithm, the ship-berth matching relation constraint matrix formed by ontology reasoning. Finally, the model based on improved ant colony algorithm and ontology reasoning was applied to the combination of the dynamic berth assignment problem solving process.
(5) Construct the bulk port group ship-scheduling system prototype based on the Multi-agent and Ontology
It proposes the integration and technology architecture of the bulk port group ship-scheduling by using Multi-Agent and Ontology. The integration architecture mainly describes the integrated approach and the data exchange approach between the ship-scheduling system and PPMIS (Port Production Management Information System);Technology architecture is about technology combination of Ships scheduling system prototype.
Finally, this paper describes how to use J2EE framework, JADE, Jess, Protege and other technology, to implement MAOPSS (Multi-Agent and Ontology Port-group Ship-scheduling System), and also shows some important features and interface.
本文通过对散杂货港口集团船舶调度问题的研究,深入分析了散杂货港口集团的生产运营状况,借助多Agent的结构模式和本体知识推理构建了基于多Agent和本体的散杂货港口集团船舶调度系统原型,主要内容和成果如下：
(1)提出了基于多Agent的散杂货港口集团船舶调度双层体系
散杂货港口集团船舶调度是一个多环节相互作用、多因素相互影响的动态、开放式生产过程,该过程由集团层调度和港务公司调度两阶段组成。本文根据这一特点,充分发挥多Agent系统在分布式计算和协作方面的优势,提出了基于多Agent的散杂货港口集团船舶调度双层体系。
双层体系由港务公司调度计划编制和集团调度计划审核两部分构成,并构建了6类分别具有外部环境感知、本体知识推理和算法模型计算等能力Agent完成双层体系的整体功能。
(2)构建了多Agent系统的协调机制
本文在处理多Agent之间的协调机制过程中,引入了基于集团—港务公司组织结构模式的协作机制和基于冲突消解的协商机制。在冲突消解机制中,提出了基于冲突消解的动态补偿策略,该策略为参与协商的各Agent提供一个相对公平的环境,以实现港口集团船舶调度全局目标和局部目标之间的均衡。
(3)提出了散杂货港口船舶调度领域本体的构建方法
合理的应用船舶调度规则和知识经验积累是提高散杂货港口船舶调度质量的有效手段。本文为实现对散杂货港口船舶调度领域知识推理问题的求解,提出了散杂货港口船舶调度领域本体的构建方法。
构建方法根据散杂货港口船舶调度领域多专业交叉的特点,又进一步提出了领域相关度(Domain Correlation)的概念,详细阐述了多专业本体集成的方法与模型,并针对知识推理构建了本体集成推理体系。
(4)建立了基于改进蚁群算法和本体推理相结合的动态泊位指派模型
泊位指派问题是港口船舶调度中的核心,如何确定船舶的作业顺序、船舶—泊位的靠泊匹配是泊位指派问题的关键。在研究泊位指派问题的过程中,本文将船舶在港时间最小化作为优化的主要指标,基于船舶重要程度的考虑提出了船舶资源使用优先级模型,对传统蚁群算法进行了改进,并将船舶—泊位匹配关系通过本体推理形成约束矩阵。最后,将基于改进蚁群算法和本体推理相结合的模型应用于动态泊位指派问题的求解过程中。
(5)构建了基于多Agent和本体的散杂货港口集团船舶调度系统原型
本文提出了基于多Agent和本体的散杂货港口集团船舶调度系统原型的集成体系结构和技术体系架构,集成体系结构方面主要描述了船舶调度系统与港口生产业务管理系统的集成方式和数据交互方式；技术体系架构描述了实现船舶调度系统原型的各类相关技术组合。
最后,描述了如何采用J2EE框架,借助JADE、Jess和Protege等技术,实现基于多Agent和本体的散杂货港口集团船舶调度系统(Multi-Agent and Ontology Port-group Ship-Scheduling System MAOPSS)原型,并对部分重要功能和界面进行了展示和说明。
With the development of global economic and the port throughput increasing successively, the trade demands become more and more internationalization, which brings opportunities to the termimal and also presents the enormous challenge to the trade service. The traditional way of ship-scheduling and production resource allocation have been already unable to satisfy the demand of ship management and cargo handling. For the termimal,it has to pays attention both on its own benefit and the request of customers by promoting the quality of freight unceasingly. Therefore how to realize a system, which can adapt the ship-scheduling of the bulk port group, and improve the level of production scheduling for the whole group based on the increasing of ship operation efficiency, has become the key of infomationization and intelligentialize for bulk port ship-scheduling in China.
This dissertation analyzes the manufacturing operations deeply, constructs the prototype of bulk port port ship-scheduling system by using the structure of multi-Agent and reasoning model of ontology. Main contents and results are as follows:
(1) Proposed double-layer architecture of bulk port group ship-scheduling based on multi-Agent.
Bulk port group ship-scheduling is a dynamic and open production process with multi-link interaction and interaction of multiple factors. The process consists of two phases:the group layer scheduling and the termimal layer scheduling. According to this characteristic, this paper plays the full advantages of Multi-Agent system on distributed computing and collaboration, and proposes the double tier architecture of bulk port group ship-scheduling based on Multi-Agent.
The double-layer architecture is made up by the scheduling planning of terminal and the scheduling adjusting of group. Besides, this paper also constructed six kinds of agent to accomplish all the functionality, and these agents are separately responsible for perception of the external environment, ontology reasoning and algorithm model.
(2) Constructed a coordination mechanism for Multi-Agent system
When dealing with the coordination problems among the Agents, this paper has introduced the coordination mechanism which is based on the port group organizational structure model as well as the consultation mechanism based on conflict resolution. In the conflict resolution mechanism, this paper proposes the dynamic compensation policy, which can provides a relatively level for all the Agents involved in consultation. In order to realize the balance between the global objectives and local targets in the port group ships scheduling.
(3) Put forward the ontology construction method for bulk port ship-scheduling domain
It is an effective way to use ship-scheduling rules, accumulation of knowledge and experience to improve the quality of bulk port ship-scheduling. In order to solve the domain knowledge reasoning problem about the bulk port ship-scheduling, this paper put forward the ontology construction method in the bulk port ship-scheduling domain.
The methodology, which based on the characteristics of multi-disciplinary cross in the domain of the bulk port ship-scheduling, has proposed the concept "Domain Correlation" in further. Besides, this paper also described multi-disciplinary ontology integration methods and models in detail, and at the same time constructed the ontology integration reasoning system for knowledge reasoning.
(4) Establish the dynamic berth assignment model based on improved ant colony algorithm and the combination of ontology reasoning model
Berth assignment problem is the core of the port ship-scheduling, how to determine the order of the ship's operations, the match of the ship and the berth is the key of the berth assignment problem. In the study process, this paper makes the time of ship in port minimized as the optimization of key indicators, considering the different importance of different ships, this paper put forward a first-class model for the use of ship resources, through the improvement of the traditional ant colony algorithm, the ship-berth matching relation constraint matrix formed by ontology reasoning. Finally, the model based on improved ant colony algorithm and ontology reasoning was applied to the combination of the dynamic berth assignment problem solving process.
(5) Construct the bulk port group ship-scheduling system prototype based on the Multi-agent and Ontology
It proposes the integration and technology architecture of the bulk port group ship-scheduling by using Multi-Agent and Ontology. The integration architecture mainly describes the integrated approach and the data exchange approach between the ship-scheduling system and PPMIS (Port Production Management Information System);Technology architecture is about technology combination of Ships scheduling system prototype.
Finally, this paper describes how to use J2EE framework, JADE, Jess, Protege and other technology, to implement MAOPSS (Multi-Agent and Ontology Port-group Ship-scheduling System), and also shows some important features and interface.
引文
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