上海警察职业特征及工作满意感研究
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摘要
本研究的目的在于探讨上海警察职业特征及其对工作满意感的影响。根据Hackman和Oldham(1975，1980)的职业特征模型(Job Characteristics Model，JCM)，职业特征被认为会对个体的心理状态产生影响，并进一步产生不同的情绪结果，最终导致工作满意感的变化。本研究亦引入了整体生活满意感(Diener，Emmons，Larsen，and Griffin，1985)，以检验职业特征与工作满意度对个体的生活认知评价的影响。
本研究中一共调查了389名在职警员。被试样本为上海市公安局接受在职培训的警察。研究者以团体施测的方式组织被试完成一份包括职业特征调查(Job Diagnostic Survey，Hackman & Oldham，1980)和人口统计学信息的问卷。问卷当场发放，当场收回。有效问卷共有340份。
本研究采用了一系列的多元方差分析(MANOVA)来检验各种人口统计学变量对职业特征、心理状态、情绪结果以及背景满意感等构念的影响。此外，结构方程模型亦被用来检验JCM模型中所设定的几个构念间的关系。统计结果表明，职业特征和职业满意感在人口统计学变量上存在显著差异，其中刑警的各项职业特征显著高于其他警种，而满意感普遍低于其他警种。结构方程模型并没有发现心理状态和情绪结果之间存在系统的关系，但却证实了背景满意感可以很好地预测个体的整体工作满意感和整体生活满意感。研究发现年轻的和文化程度高的警员的成长需求强度高于年长的和文化程度低的警员。文中对研究结果展开了进一步的讨论，并且给出初步建议。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between job characteristics and job satisfaction among Shanghai police. It is hypothesized that job satisfaction among Shanghai police can be predicted by job characteristics. This hypothesis was examined within the context of Hackman and Oldham's (1975, 1980) theory of Job Characteristics Model (JCM). Moreover, the construct of life satisfaction, as defined by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin (1985), is also involved to examine the effect of job characteristics and job satisfaction on individuals' cognitive evaluation of their life.
389 in-service policemen were recruited from a routine training program provided by Shanghai Public Security Bureau. The Job Diagnostic Survey (Hackman & Oldham, 1980) was administered to the participants in the form of group test. An additional questionnaire was included to collect demographic information such as sex, age, status of marriage, education, job tenure, position, duty, etc.
A series of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed to determine the differences in job characteristics, psychological states, affective outcomes, and context satisfaction based on the demographic variables. To test the hypotheses of the study, structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to calculate the relationships among the constructs by the use of the Linear Structural Relations (LISREL VIII) Program (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1993a, 1993b). Results indicated that both job characteristics and job satisfactions were significantly different based on the demographic variables, such as sex and duty positions. Structural equation modeling did not demonstrate systematic relationships between psychological states and affective outcomes. In another structural equation model, both general job satisfaction and life satisfaction could be well predicted by context satisfactions. It was also found that the younger and better-educated the policemen were, the higher their growth need strength (GNS) was. The implications of the results were discussed and recommendations were suggested.
本研究中一共调查了389名在职警员。被试样本为上海市公安局接受在职培训的警察。研究者以团体施测的方式组织被试完成一份包括职业特征调查(Job Diagnostic Survey，Hackman & Oldham，1980)和人口统计学信息的问卷。问卷当场发放，当场收回。有效问卷共有340份。
本研究采用了一系列的多元方差分析(MANOVA)来检验各种人口统计学变量对职业特征、心理状态、情绪结果以及背景满意感等构念的影响。此外，结构方程模型亦被用来检验JCM模型中所设定的几个构念间的关系。统计结果表明，职业特征和职业满意感在人口统计学变量上存在显著差异，其中刑警的各项职业特征显著高于其他警种，而满意感普遍低于其他警种。结构方程模型并没有发现心理状态和情绪结果之间存在系统的关系，但却证实了背景满意感可以很好地预测个体的整体工作满意感和整体生活满意感。研究发现年轻的和文化程度高的警员的成长需求强度高于年长的和文化程度低的警员。文中对研究结果展开了进一步的讨论，并且给出初步建议。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between job characteristics and job satisfaction among Shanghai police. It is hypothesized that job satisfaction among Shanghai police can be predicted by job characteristics. This hypothesis was examined within the context of Hackman and Oldham's (1975, 1980) theory of Job Characteristics Model (JCM). Moreover, the construct of life satisfaction, as defined by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin (1985), is also involved to examine the effect of job characteristics and job satisfaction on individuals' cognitive evaluation of their life.
389 in-service policemen were recruited from a routine training program provided by Shanghai Public Security Bureau. The Job Diagnostic Survey (Hackman & Oldham, 1980) was administered to the participants in the form of group test. An additional questionnaire was included to collect demographic information such as sex, age, status of marriage, education, job tenure, position, duty, etc.
A series of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed to determine the differences in job characteristics, psychological states, affective outcomes, and context satisfaction based on the demographic variables. To test the hypotheses of the study, structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to calculate the relationships among the constructs by the use of the Linear Structural Relations (LISREL VIII) Program (Joreskog & Sorbom, 1993a, 1993b). Results indicated that both job characteristics and job satisfactions were significantly different based on the demographic variables, such as sex and duty positions. Structural equation modeling did not demonstrate systematic relationships between psychological states and affective outcomes. In another structural equation model, both general job satisfaction and life satisfaction could be well predicted by context satisfactions. It was also found that the younger and better-educated the policemen were, the higher their growth need strength (GNS) was. The implications of the results were discussed and recommendations were suggested.
引文
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