多功能碳材料的制备及新工艺路线的研究
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摘要
在工业生产上,按鳞片石墨尺寸的大小可将其划分为50目、80目和-100目三种规格的鳞片石墨。其中-100目鳞片石墨的含碳量相对来说是比较低的,不利于制备出大膨胀体积的多功能碳材料,尽管它的原料价格非常低,但是也很少有厂家愿意去利用,所以工业生产上几乎把-100目鳞片石墨视为丢弃物。而50目和80目的天然鳞片石墨都是含碳量均比较高的,很容易制备出大膨胀体积的多功能碳材料,因此在工业生产上有很重要的应用价值。但是目前,多功能碳材料的生产成本较高,制备过程中的洗涤用水被全部排放掉,很浪费水资源,对环境的污染也很严重。
本论文以含碳量较低的、廉价的-100目的鳞片石墨为原材料,采用化学氧化法和超声波法制备出了较大膨胀体积的多功能碳材料(又称石墨层间化合物Graphite Intercalation Compounds, GIC)。这将工业上很少有人使用的-100目鳞片石墨原料进行了有效的利用,为多功能碳材料的生产提供了生产技术,更重要的是节约了生产多功能碳材料的原料成本。
本论文还将现有的制备多功能碳材料的生产工艺路线进行了改进。现有的制备多功能碳材料的生产工艺路线与我们改进后的新工艺路线的两大不同点为:现有的生产工艺路线是一次性投料,而新工艺路线是将原料分次分批的投入;现有的工艺路线的洗涤用水是没有被再利用的,而新工艺路线的洗涤用水是被重复利用的。因此制备多功能碳材料的新工艺路线的优点我们可以看到:首先,新工艺路线是在原有生产工艺路线的基础上进行的改进,不会增加生产设备的投入;其次,将洗涤用水进行重复利用,节约了生产成本,节约了水资源;再次,减少了含酸废水的排放量,降低了对环境的污染程度。
本论文的研究工作可以被分成以下几个方面:
1、分别以-100目、80目鳞片石墨为原料,采用化学氧化法和超声波法制备了多功能碳材料。
2、对以-100鳞片石墨为原料的制备多功能碳材料的反应条件的优化及探索。
3、对现有的制备多功能碳材料的生产工艺路线进行改进,降低生产成本,节约水资源,降低含酸废水对环境的污染程度。
4、采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X衍射等方法对制备出的多功能碳材料进行表征,并分析它们的内部结构、外观形貌和相关性能。
5、进一步优化制备多功能碳材料的条件,对新工艺路线的更多的探究与展望。
On the industry production, the flake graphite can be decided into 50, 80 and -100 mesh according to the flake size. Among them, the carbon content inside the flake graphite is different, and -100 mesh of the flake graphite owns the lowest carbon content, and it makes against being used to prepare the multifunction carbon material which has the bigger expansion volume. Although the price of raw materials is cheaper, -100 mesh of the flake graphite has been used little in the process of the productions. Thereby, -100 mesh of the flake graphite is treated almost as doffing thing. Accordingly, 50 and 80 mesh of the flake graphite have the bigger carbon content, and it makes for being applied to produce the multifunction carbon material. So they have an important application worth on industry production. Yet so far the costs of the multifunction carbon material have been the bigger. In the process of washing, water wealth has been also wasted and the environmental pollution caused.
In the dissertation, -100 mesh of the flake graphite which has the lower carbon content and the lower price is used as raw materials. The methods of the chemistry oxidation and the ultrasound irradiation are applied to prepare the multifunction carbon material (Graphite intercalation compounds, GIC) which has the bigger expansion volume. In the process, -100 mesh of the flake graphite used little on industry production has been utilized effectively. Not only this supplies a production technology on industry production, but also it is more important that the cost of raw materials has been saved in the process of producing the multifunction carbon material.
In addition, the existing technics route to prepare the multifunction carbon material has been improved in the dissertation. Comparing the existing technics route with the improving technics route, there are two differences: the existing technics route is that the raw materials are pitched once in the process; the improving technics route is that the raw materials are done in batches. In addition, water washed in the existing technics route has not been recycled, but water washed in the improving technics route has been recycled. This shows that there are merits in the process of the improving technics route to prepare the multifunction carbon material. Firstly, the new technics route is improved on the base of the original technics route, and the production facility is not essential to be augmented. Secondly, water used in the production process has been recycled, and the production cost can be saved, and the water wealth can be economized as well as. Thirdly, the amount of wastewater containing acids can be decreased in the process of washing, and the environmental pollution can be also reduced.
The research works in the dissertation can be divided in the several aspects below:
1. The multifunction carbon materials have been prepared by -100 and 80 mesh of flake graphite, and the methods of the chemistry oxidation and the ultrasound irradiation have been used in the processes.
2. The reaction conditions to prepare the -100 mesh of the multifunction carbon material have been probed into and optimized as well as.
3. The existing technics route to prepare the multifunction carbon material has been improved, and the production cost has been reduced. Meanwhile, the water wealth has been also economized, and the amount of wastewater containing acids has been decreased as well as.
4. SEM, TEM and XRD have been applied to characterize the multifunction carbon material, and the inner structure, the outer morphology and the correlative properties have been analyzed as well as.
5. The reaction conditions to prepare the multifunction carbon material have been optimized further, and the exploration and expectation to apply the new technic route has been also finished.
本论文以含碳量较低的、廉价的-100目的鳞片石墨为原材料,采用化学氧化法和超声波法制备出了较大膨胀体积的多功能碳材料(又称石墨层间化合物Graphite Intercalation Compounds, GIC)。这将工业上很少有人使用的-100目鳞片石墨原料进行了有效的利用,为多功能碳材料的生产提供了生产技术,更重要的是节约了生产多功能碳材料的原料成本。
本论文还将现有的制备多功能碳材料的生产工艺路线进行了改进。现有的制备多功能碳材料的生产工艺路线与我们改进后的新工艺路线的两大不同点为:现有的生产工艺路线是一次性投料,而新工艺路线是将原料分次分批的投入;现有的工艺路线的洗涤用水是没有被再利用的,而新工艺路线的洗涤用水是被重复利用的。因此制备多功能碳材料的新工艺路线的优点我们可以看到:首先,新工艺路线是在原有生产工艺路线的基础上进行的改进,不会增加生产设备的投入;其次,将洗涤用水进行重复利用,节约了生产成本,节约了水资源;再次,减少了含酸废水的排放量,降低了对环境的污染程度。
本论文的研究工作可以被分成以下几个方面:
1、分别以-100目、80目鳞片石墨为原料,采用化学氧化法和超声波法制备了多功能碳材料。
2、对以-100鳞片石墨为原料的制备多功能碳材料的反应条件的优化及探索。
3、对现有的制备多功能碳材料的生产工艺路线进行改进,降低生产成本,节约水资源,降低含酸废水对环境的污染程度。
4、采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X衍射等方法对制备出的多功能碳材料进行表征,并分析它们的内部结构、外观形貌和相关性能。
5、进一步优化制备多功能碳材料的条件,对新工艺路线的更多的探究与展望。
On the industry production, the flake graphite can be decided into 50, 80 and -100 mesh according to the flake size. Among them, the carbon content inside the flake graphite is different, and -100 mesh of the flake graphite owns the lowest carbon content, and it makes against being used to prepare the multifunction carbon material which has the bigger expansion volume. Although the price of raw materials is cheaper, -100 mesh of the flake graphite has been used little in the process of the productions. Thereby, -100 mesh of the flake graphite is treated almost as doffing thing. Accordingly, 50 and 80 mesh of the flake graphite have the bigger carbon content, and it makes for being applied to produce the multifunction carbon material. So they have an important application worth on industry production. Yet so far the costs of the multifunction carbon material have been the bigger. In the process of washing, water wealth has been also wasted and the environmental pollution caused.
In the dissertation, -100 mesh of the flake graphite which has the lower carbon content and the lower price is used as raw materials. The methods of the chemistry oxidation and the ultrasound irradiation are applied to prepare the multifunction carbon material (Graphite intercalation compounds, GIC) which has the bigger expansion volume. In the process, -100 mesh of the flake graphite used little on industry production has been utilized effectively. Not only this supplies a production technology on industry production, but also it is more important that the cost of raw materials has been saved in the process of producing the multifunction carbon material.
In addition, the existing technics route to prepare the multifunction carbon material has been improved in the dissertation. Comparing the existing technics route with the improving technics route, there are two differences: the existing technics route is that the raw materials are pitched once in the process; the improving technics route is that the raw materials are done in batches. In addition, water washed in the existing technics route has not been recycled, but water washed in the improving technics route has been recycled. This shows that there are merits in the process of the improving technics route to prepare the multifunction carbon material. Firstly, the new technics route is improved on the base of the original technics route, and the production facility is not essential to be augmented. Secondly, water used in the production process has been recycled, and the production cost can be saved, and the water wealth can be economized as well as. Thirdly, the amount of wastewater containing acids can be decreased in the process of washing, and the environmental pollution can be also reduced.
The research works in the dissertation can be divided in the several aspects below:
1. The multifunction carbon materials have been prepared by -100 and 80 mesh of flake graphite, and the methods of the chemistry oxidation and the ultrasound irradiation have been used in the processes.
2. The reaction conditions to prepare the -100 mesh of the multifunction carbon material have been probed into and optimized as well as.
3. The existing technics route to prepare the multifunction carbon material has been improved, and the production cost has been reduced. Meanwhile, the water wealth has been also economized, and the amount of wastewater containing acids has been decreased as well as.
4. SEM, TEM and XRD have been applied to characterize the multifunction carbon material, and the inner structure, the outer morphology and the correlative properties have been analyzed as well as.
5. The reaction conditions to prepare the multifunction carbon material have been optimized further, and the exploration and expectation to apply the new technic route has been also finished.
引文
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