计及微电网与移动发电车的城市配电网抗灾型多场景规划
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摘要
本文从规划的角度,研究冰灾、战争等极端条件下城市配电系统安全供电问题。提出了能够计及极端灾害条件下城市配电网安全供电的多场景规划模型,并在计及微电网和移动发电车的配电系统规划实例中应用。主要工作如下:
(1)提出了比传统规划更细致的抗灾型规划场景划分和负荷分级方法。将负荷划分为极端重要负荷、重要负荷、过渡负荷和一般负荷,将研究场景划分为正常、极端和次极端三大类场景。
(2)建立了适用于抗灾型规划的负荷停电损失模型与计算方法。该方法能够反映停电损失与用户类型,内部负荷构成及停电时间的关系,适应抗灾型规划的需求和特点。
(3)提出了计及微电网的城市配电网抗灾型规划模型并给出规划步骤。该模型能够同时计及传统规划最大负荷场景与灾害场景的供电可靠性与经济性问题,并通过实例说明在既考虑传统场景又考虑极端场景的情况下,本文模型比传统规划模型更具有优越性。
(4)提出了计及移动发电车的城市配电网抗灾型规划模型及规划步骤。该方法能够根据多个极端、次极端场景下不同负荷等级停电损失特性进行移动发电车的优化规划。
(5)研究了同时计及地区电厂、微电网和移动发电车的城市配电网抗灾型综合规划原则、方法步骤及其实际应用策略。
在上述研究中通过实例进行了验证,并通过灵敏度分析总结得到渗透率等主要参数对规划结果的规律并给出建议。
This paper researches the urban distribution networks security problems of power supply in the condition of ice storm, war and other extreme situations from planning point of view. It proposes multi-scenario anti-disaster planning models of urban distribution networks taking extreme disaster situation into account. The proposed model can be applied in distribution networks with microgrids and mobile generators. The major work includes:
(1) It presents scenarios and load classification methods which are more precise than those for traditional planning. Load is divided into extreme important, important, temporary and normal four categories. Scenarios are divided into normal, extreme important and sub-extreme important three categories.
(2) It establishes the outage loss model and calculation method which is suitable for anti-disaster planning. This method can reflect the relationship of outage loss and users’types, composition of load and outage loss time. It can meet the need and adapt to characteristics of anti-disaster planning.
(3) It presents an anti-disaster planning model and steps of urban distribution networks with microgrids. The model considers the reliability and economy of both the traditional peak load planning scenario and various disaster scenarios. It has shown that the proposed planning model has higher effectiveness and superiority than traditional planning model when both traditional and anti-disaster scenarios need to be considered.
(4) It presents an anti-disaster planning model and planning steps of urban distribution networks with mobile generators. This method can optimally deploy the mobile generators according to the outage loss characteristics of different level loads in extreme and sub-extreme scenarios.
(5) It researches integrated anti-disaster planning principles, methods, steps and practical application strategies of urban distribution network taking regional power plants, microgrids and mobile generators into account.
By case study, it obtains laws that planning result changes according to sensitivity analysis of major parameters such as permeability and gives advices.
(1)提出了比传统规划更细致的抗灾型规划场景划分和负荷分级方法。将负荷划分为极端重要负荷、重要负荷、过渡负荷和一般负荷,将研究场景划分为正常、极端和次极端三大类场景。
(2)建立了适用于抗灾型规划的负荷停电损失模型与计算方法。该方法能够反映停电损失与用户类型,内部负荷构成及停电时间的关系,适应抗灾型规划的需求和特点。
(3)提出了计及微电网的城市配电网抗灾型规划模型并给出规划步骤。该模型能够同时计及传统规划最大负荷场景与灾害场景的供电可靠性与经济性问题,并通过实例说明在既考虑传统场景又考虑极端场景的情况下,本文模型比传统规划模型更具有优越性。
(4)提出了计及移动发电车的城市配电网抗灾型规划模型及规划步骤。该方法能够根据多个极端、次极端场景下不同负荷等级停电损失特性进行移动发电车的优化规划。
(5)研究了同时计及地区电厂、微电网和移动发电车的城市配电网抗灾型综合规划原则、方法步骤及其实际应用策略。
在上述研究中通过实例进行了验证,并通过灵敏度分析总结得到渗透率等主要参数对规划结果的规律并给出建议。
This paper researches the urban distribution networks security problems of power supply in the condition of ice storm, war and other extreme situations from planning point of view. It proposes multi-scenario anti-disaster planning models of urban distribution networks taking extreme disaster situation into account. The proposed model can be applied in distribution networks with microgrids and mobile generators. The major work includes:
(1) It presents scenarios and load classification methods which are more precise than those for traditional planning. Load is divided into extreme important, important, temporary and normal four categories. Scenarios are divided into normal, extreme important and sub-extreme important three categories.
(2) It establishes the outage loss model and calculation method which is suitable for anti-disaster planning. This method can reflect the relationship of outage loss and users’types, composition of load and outage loss time. It can meet the need and adapt to characteristics of anti-disaster planning.
(3) It presents an anti-disaster planning model and steps of urban distribution networks with microgrids. The model considers the reliability and economy of both the traditional peak load planning scenario and various disaster scenarios. It has shown that the proposed planning model has higher effectiveness and superiority than traditional planning model when both traditional and anti-disaster scenarios need to be considered.
(4) It presents an anti-disaster planning model and planning steps of urban distribution networks with mobile generators. This method can optimally deploy the mobile generators according to the outage loss characteristics of different level loads in extreme and sub-extreme scenarios.
(5) It researches integrated anti-disaster planning principles, methods, steps and practical application strategies of urban distribution network taking regional power plants, microgrids and mobile generators into account.
By case study, it obtains laws that planning result changes according to sensitivity analysis of major parameters such as permeability and gives advices.
引文
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[6]夏清,徐国新,康重庆.抗灾型电力系统的规划[J].电网技术, 2009, 33(3): 1-7.
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[8]徐国新,夏清,康重庆.抗灾型电网规划模式与模型[J].电力系统自动化, 2010, 34(3): 17-21.
[9]苏玲,张建华,王利,等.微电网相关问题及技术研究[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2010, 38(19): 235-239.
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[11] Moreira C.L.,Resende F.O.,Lopes J.A.P..Using Low Voltage MicroGrids for Service Restoration[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2007,22(1):395-403.
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[23]刘大勇.高层建筑电气系统设计与线路安装要点探析[J].中外建筑, 2008,(3):131-133.
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[28]盛鹍,孔力,齐智平,等.新型电网——微电网(Microgrid)研究综述[J].继电器,2007,35(12):75-81.
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[30] Kilgore J,Neubauer A.S..Re-Energizing Pipeline Pump Stations After Hurricane Katrina without Utility Power[C].Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference,2006.
[31] Moreira C.L.,Resende F.O.,Lopes J.A.P..Using Low Voltage MicroGrids for Service Restoration[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2007,22(1):395-403.
[32]鲁宗相,王彩霞,闵勇,等.微电网研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(19):100-106.
[33]卢志刚董玉香.含分布式电源的配电网故障恢复策略[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(1):89-92,99.
[34]金晓东,丁明,茆美琴.分布式发电系统中的蓄电池模型[J].仪器仪表用户,2008,15(2):88-90.
[35] Kroposki B ., Basso T ., DeBlasio R .. Microgrid standards and technologies[C].IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century,2008.
[36] KPOPOSKI B . Microgrids-hardware testing and standards development [EB/OL] . [2006-12-01] . http : //der . lbl . gov/new_site/2007microgrids_ files/US-Kroposki.pdf.
[37] Chad Abbey.IEEE P1547.4 - Draft Guideline on DR Island Systems - Overview[EB/OL].[2009-7-14].http://www.powerconnect.ca/References/Presentations/PeerReview_March2008/1.3%20-%20IEEE%20P1547.4%20Draft%20Guideline%20on%20DR%20Island%20Systems%20-%20Overview%20-%20Chad%20Abbeyy.pdf.
[38] Ben Kroposki . P1547.4 Minutes Annex E : DR Island System Types[EB/OL].[2004-08-06].http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/1547.4/docs/P1547-4-Minutes20040806AnnexE-TypesDR.ppt.
[39] Santoso S.,Saraf N.,Venayagamoorthy, G.K..Intelligent Techniques for Planning Distributed Generation Systems[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2007.
[40] Asmuth P.,Verstege J.F..Optimal network structure for distribution systems with microgrids[C].International Conference on Future Power Systems,2005.
[41] Lopes J.A.P.,Moreira C.L.,Madureira,A.G..Control strategies for microgrids emergency operation[C].International Conference on Future Power Systems,2005.
[42] Zoka Y et al.An economic evaluation for an autonomous independent network of distributed energy resources[J].Elect Power Syst Res,2007,77(7):831–834.
[43] Lasseter R.H.,Akhil A.,Marnay C.,et al.The CERTS microgrid concept[R] . USA : Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions(CERTS),2002.
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[3]赵希正.强化电网安全保障可靠供电——美加“8·14”停电事件给我们的启示[J].电网技术, 2003, 27(10): 1-7.
[4]陈向宜,陈允平,李春艳,等.构建大电网安全防御体系——欧洲大停电事故的分析及思考[J].电力系统自动化, 2007, 31(1): 4-8.
[5]鲁顺,高立群,王坷,等.莫斯科大停电分析及启示[J].继电器, 2006, 34(16): 27-31, 67.
[6]夏清,徐国新,康重庆.抗灾型电力系统的规划[J].电网技术, 2009, 33(3): 1-7.
[7]刘建琴,孙珂,李晖,等.推行差异化设计以提高电网抗灾能力[J].华北电力技术, 2009, (3): 41-44, 54.
[8]徐国新,夏清,康重庆.抗灾型电网规划模式与模型[J].电力系统自动化, 2010, 34(3): 17-21.
[9]苏玲,张建华,王利,等.微电网相关问题及技术研究[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2010, 38(19): 235-239.
[10] Lopes J.A.P.,Moreira C.L.,Madureira,A.G..Control strategies for microgrids emergency operation[C].International Conference on Future Power Systems,2005.
[11] Moreira C.L.,Resende F.O.,Lopes J.A.P..Using Low Voltage MicroGrids for Service Restoration[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2007,22(1):395-403.
[12]宋健生.抗击雪雨冰灾:200余辆发电车点亮灾区[J].商用汽车, 2008, 3: 86.
[13]韩林.中国电源车市场与产品介绍[J].商用车与发动机, 2009, 43(10): 39-41.
[14]史清晨. 2*75kW电源车的设计与开发[J].移动电源与车辆, 2003, (2): 1-3,10.
[15]冯介一,黄义源.内燃机电站并联运行系统数学模型推导和简化[J].移动电源与车辆,1999,2.
[16]冯介一.由n台内燃机电站并联构成的移动电站的数学模型研究[J].移动电源与车辆,2000, (3): 7-8.
[17] Dai F.T..Risks of network protection for mobile generator applications[C].IET 9th Iternational Conference on Developments in Power System Protection,2008.
[18]电监会.国家处置电网大面积停电事件应急预案[Z].北京:电监会,2006.
[19]杨天义.用电负荷分级及供电电源[J].电气工程应用,2009,(2):7-13.
[20]蒋麦占.探讨电气设计规范中有关安全设施的规定(上)再论负荷分级与安全电源供电[J].电气工程应用,2008,(3):2-8.
[21]彭炼.高层建筑供配电技术分析[J].中外建筑,2002,(1):51-52.
[22]杭炜白,薇薇.高层建筑电气负荷计算探讨[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),1999,31(2):181-184.
[23]刘大勇.高层建筑电气系统设计与线路安装要点探析[J].中外建筑, 2008,(3):131-133.
[24]陈志堂,钱克文.中美两国医院电气设计差异[J].建筑电气,2007(6):21-24.
[25]童林旭.城市生命线系统的防灾减灾问题——日本阪神大地震生命线震害的启示[J].城市发展研究,2000,(3):8-12.
[26]奚江琳,黄平,张奕.城市防灾减灾的生命线系统规划初探[J].现代城市研究,2007,(5):75-81.
[27] Osborn M..Experiences in aggregating distributed generation for system benefit[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2004.
[28]盛鹍,孔力,齐智平,等.新型电网——微电网(Microgrid)研究综述[J].继电器,2007,35(12):75-81.
[29]徐遐龄,查晓明.分布式发电在电力系统的应用研究现状[C].第一届中国高校电力电子与电力传动学术年会第一届中国高校电力电子与电力传动学术年会论文集,2007年.
[30] Kilgore J,Neubauer A.S..Re-Energizing Pipeline Pump Stations After Hurricane Katrina without Utility Power[C].Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference,2006.
[31] Moreira C.L.,Resende F.O.,Lopes J.A.P..Using Low Voltage MicroGrids for Service Restoration[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2007,22(1):395-403.
[32]鲁宗相,王彩霞,闵勇,等.微电网研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(19):100-106.
[33]卢志刚董玉香.含分布式电源的配电网故障恢复策略[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(1):89-92,99.
[34]金晓东,丁明,茆美琴.分布式发电系统中的蓄电池模型[J].仪器仪表用户,2008,15(2):88-90.
[35] Kroposki B ., Basso T ., DeBlasio R .. Microgrid standards and technologies[C].IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century,2008.
[36] KPOPOSKI B . Microgrids-hardware testing and standards development [EB/OL] . [2006-12-01] . http : //der . lbl . gov/new_site/2007microgrids_ files/US-Kroposki.pdf.
[37] Chad Abbey.IEEE P1547.4 - Draft Guideline on DR Island Systems - Overview[EB/OL].[2009-7-14].http://www.powerconnect.ca/References/Presentations/PeerReview_March2008/1.3%20-%20IEEE%20P1547.4%20Draft%20Guideline%20on%20DR%20Island%20Systems%20-%20Overview%20-%20Chad%20Abbeyy.pdf.
[38] Ben Kroposki . P1547.4 Minutes Annex E : DR Island System Types[EB/OL].[2004-08-06].http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/scc21/1547.4/docs/P1547-4-Minutes20040806AnnexE-TypesDR.ppt.
[39] Santoso S.,Saraf N.,Venayagamoorthy, G.K..Intelligent Techniques for Planning Distributed Generation Systems[C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2007.
[40] Asmuth P.,Verstege J.F..Optimal network structure for distribution systems with microgrids[C].International Conference on Future Power Systems,2005.
[41] Lopes J.A.P.,Moreira C.L.,Madureira,A.G..Control strategies for microgrids emergency operation[C].International Conference on Future Power Systems,2005.
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