不同基因型萝卜主要营养品质性状的遗传分析
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摘要
经济社会的发展,人们对品质性状的关注越来越高,尤其是营养品质,与人体的营养和健康关系密切。本文以萝卜不同品种为材料,测定了42个不同基因型萝卜营养品质干物质重、粗纤维、可溶性总糖、维生素c(Vc)、蛋白质、硝酸盐等含量,研究营养品质之间的相关性,通过主成分分析法来客观的评估42个不同基因型萝卜的综合营养品质;并利用分子标记RAPD、ISSR、SRAP检测了萝卜品种的DNA分子标记多态性,构建萝卜品种的DNA指纹图谱,并进行聚类分析;利用植物数量遗传的主基因+多基因模型探讨萝卜营养品质的遗传规律,结果如下:
1.以南京农业大学江浦农场42个不同基因型高代自交系亲本萝卜品种为材料,研究了干物质重、可溶性总糖、蛋白质、粗纤维、和硝酸盐之间的相关性。结果表明:干物质重与可溶性总糖量、Vc和蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关。
2.以南京农业大学江浦农场42个不同基因型自交系萝卜品种为材料,利用主成分分析法对42个不同基因型萝卜材料的干物质重、干物质重、粗纤维、可溶性总糖、Vc、蛋白质、硝酸盐等营养品质进行了综合评价,根据综合得分情况表明,基因型Nau-17、Nau-11、Nau-6、Nau-10和Nau-28的综合营养品质突出。
3.以南京农业大学江浦农场42个不同基因型自交系萝卜品种为材料,筛选出19个RAPD引物,8个ISSR引物和9个SRAP随机引物,获得了116个RAPD、45个ISSR和84个SRAP多态性位点,构建了42个萝卜品种的RAPD、ISSR和SRAP指纹图谱。基于三种分子标记的综合聚类分析,结果表明供试材料在相似系数0.74处分为4个组群,每个组群萝卜品种皮色基本一致,说明皮色相近的供试材料亲缘关系较近,同一种皮色的萝卜品质相近的聚在一起。
4.本研究以综合营养品质性状差异显著的品种Nau17-XWH和Nau20-LHZ为材料,采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析方法,分析了萝卜干物质重、可溶性总糖、蛋白质、Vc、粗纤维和硝酸盐含量性状的遗传规律。结果表明,干物质重的最适遗传模型为两对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型,可溶性总糖含量的最适遗传模型为两对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型:Vc含量的最适遗传模型为加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型;蛋白质和粗纤维的最适遗传模型为两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型;硝酸盐含量的最适遗传模型为一对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型。
With the development of economic society,the quality traits were highly paid more and more attention to,especially in nutrtional quality for being closed to the nutrition and health of humen.The nutritional quality including dry matter(DM),crude fiber(CF),total soluble sugar(TSS),vitamin c(V_C),Protein and Nitrate of was analyzed in 42 different radish cultivars of the study;The data were subjected to cross-correlation analysis and principal component analysis for comprehensive nutritional evaluation;DNA polymorphic marker analysis in 42 different genetype radish were conducted on using RAPD,ISSR and SRAP, for fingerprint and clusting;The method of major gene plus polygenes mixed inheritance model was used to analyze the genetics of nutrional qualities.The results were as following:
1 The data of dry matter(DM),crude fiber(CF),total soluble sugar(TSS),vitamin c (V_C),Protein and Nitrate contents were subjected to cross-correlation analysis among 42 different genetype in Jiangpu of Nanjing Agricultral University.It was found that DM content was positively correlated with the content of TSS(r=0.7108),V_C(r=0.4001) and protein(r=0.4141).Vitamin c(V_C) content of radish showed a positive correlation (r=0.3300) with the protein content.
2 According to the principal component analysis of dry matter(DM),crude fiber(CF), total soluble sugar(TSS),vitamin c(V_C),Protein and Nitrate contents,out of 42 radish cultivars in Jiangpu of Nanjing agricultral university.Nau-17,Nau-11,Nau-6,Nau-10 and Nau-28 of elite materials were detected with the highest scores in comprehensive evaluation.
3 DNA polymorphic marker analysis and fingerprint of 42 radish cultivars was conducted on using RAPD,ISSR and SRAP molecular markers.116 RAPD,45 ISSR and 84 SRAP polymorphic markers were obtained from selected 19 RAPD primers,8 ISSR primers and 9 SRAP primers.All the cultivars used in this study could be identified based on the DNA fingerprints.The cultivars were classified into four groups at similarity coefficient 0.74 in cluster analysis according to skin colour of the 42 radish cultivars. Results show the closed radish cultivars in skin colour were in the same group.
4 Genetic analysis was conducted on DM weight,TSS,Protein,V_C,CF,Nitrate contents of multiple generations,P_1,P_2,F_1 and F_2 derived from a cross between Nau17-XWH with higher comprehensive score and Nau20-LHZ with lower comprehensive score,using the method of major gene plus polygenes mixed inheritance model in quantitative traits of plants.It could be concluded that the optimum model of DM is two complete-dominant major genes plus additive-dominant polygenes mixed inheritance model,and that of TSS is two additive-dominant major genes plus additive-dominant polygenes mixed inheritance model;the optimum model of V_C is additive-dominant-epigenous polygenes inheritance model,and Protein and CF with the same inheritance model are two additive-dominant-epigenous major genes plus additive-dominant-epigenous polygenes mixed inheritance model;The optimum model of Nitrate is an additive-dominant major genes plus additive-dominant-epigenous polygenes inheritance model.
1.以南京农业大学江浦农场42个不同基因型高代自交系亲本萝卜品种为材料,研究了干物质重、可溶性总糖、蛋白质、粗纤维、和硝酸盐之间的相关性。结果表明:干物质重与可溶性总糖量、Vc和蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关。
2.以南京农业大学江浦农场42个不同基因型自交系萝卜品种为材料,利用主成分分析法对42个不同基因型萝卜材料的干物质重、干物质重、粗纤维、可溶性总糖、Vc、蛋白质、硝酸盐等营养品质进行了综合评价,根据综合得分情况表明,基因型Nau-17、Nau-11、Nau-6、Nau-10和Nau-28的综合营养品质突出。
3.以南京农业大学江浦农场42个不同基因型自交系萝卜品种为材料,筛选出19个RAPD引物,8个ISSR引物和9个SRAP随机引物,获得了116个RAPD、45个ISSR和84个SRAP多态性位点,构建了42个萝卜品种的RAPD、ISSR和SRAP指纹图谱。基于三种分子标记的综合聚类分析,结果表明供试材料在相似系数0.74处分为4个组群,每个组群萝卜品种皮色基本一致,说明皮色相近的供试材料亲缘关系较近,同一种皮色的萝卜品质相近的聚在一起。
4.本研究以综合营养品质性状差异显著的品种Nau17-XWH和Nau20-LHZ为材料,采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析方法,分析了萝卜干物质重、可溶性总糖、蛋白质、Vc、粗纤维和硝酸盐含量性状的遗传规律。结果表明,干物质重的最适遗传模型为两对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型,可溶性总糖含量的最适遗传模型为两对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型:Vc含量的最适遗传模型为加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型;蛋白质和粗纤维的最适遗传模型为两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型;硝酸盐含量的最适遗传模型为一对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型。
With the development of economic society,the quality traits were highly paid more and more attention to,especially in nutrtional quality for being closed to the nutrition and health of humen.The nutritional quality including dry matter(DM),crude fiber(CF),total soluble sugar(TSS),vitamin c(V_C),Protein and Nitrate of was analyzed in 42 different radish cultivars of the study;The data were subjected to cross-correlation analysis and principal component analysis for comprehensive nutritional evaluation;DNA polymorphic marker analysis in 42 different genetype radish were conducted on using RAPD,ISSR and SRAP, for fingerprint and clusting;The method of major gene plus polygenes mixed inheritance model was used to analyze the genetics of nutrional qualities.The results were as following:
1 The data of dry matter(DM),crude fiber(CF),total soluble sugar(TSS),vitamin c (V_C),Protein and Nitrate contents were subjected to cross-correlation analysis among 42 different genetype in Jiangpu of Nanjing Agricultral University.It was found that DM content was positively correlated with the content of TSS(r=0.7108),V_C(r=0.4001) and protein(r=0.4141).Vitamin c(V_C) content of radish showed a positive correlation (r=0.3300) with the protein content.
2 According to the principal component analysis of dry matter(DM),crude fiber(CF), total soluble sugar(TSS),vitamin c(V_C),Protein and Nitrate contents,out of 42 radish cultivars in Jiangpu of Nanjing agricultral university.Nau-17,Nau-11,Nau-6,Nau-10 and Nau-28 of elite materials were detected with the highest scores in comprehensive evaluation.
3 DNA polymorphic marker analysis and fingerprint of 42 radish cultivars was conducted on using RAPD,ISSR and SRAP molecular markers.116 RAPD,45 ISSR and 84 SRAP polymorphic markers were obtained from selected 19 RAPD primers,8 ISSR primers and 9 SRAP primers.All the cultivars used in this study could be identified based on the DNA fingerprints.The cultivars were classified into four groups at similarity coefficient 0.74 in cluster analysis according to skin colour of the 42 radish cultivars. Results show the closed radish cultivars in skin colour were in the same group.
4 Genetic analysis was conducted on DM weight,TSS,Protein,V_C,CF,Nitrate contents of multiple generations,P_1,P_2,F_1 and F_2 derived from a cross between Nau17-XWH with higher comprehensive score and Nau20-LHZ with lower comprehensive score,using the method of major gene plus polygenes mixed inheritance model in quantitative traits of plants.It could be concluded that the optimum model of DM is two complete-dominant major genes plus additive-dominant polygenes mixed inheritance model,and that of TSS is two additive-dominant major genes plus additive-dominant polygenes mixed inheritance model;the optimum model of V_C is additive-dominant-epigenous polygenes inheritance model,and Protein and CF with the same inheritance model are two additive-dominant-epigenous major genes plus additive-dominant-epigenous polygenes mixed inheritance model;The optimum model of Nitrate is an additive-dominant major genes plus additive-dominant-epigenous polygenes inheritance model.
引文
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Fen wick G R, Heaney R K., Mullin W J. Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in food and food plants [J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1983, 18: 123-201
Fefr W. Genetic contribution to yield gains of five major crop plants [J]. Crop Science, 1984, 24:112-118
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Ju H Y, Chong C, Mullin W J, et al. Volatile isothiocyanates and nitriles from glucosinolates in rutabaga and turnip[J]. Horticulture Science, 1982, 107: 1050-1054
Kilkowski W J, Gross G G Color reaction of hydrolyzable tannins with Bradford reagent Coomassie brilliant blue [J]. Phytochemistry, 1999, 51: 363-367
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Li G, Quiros C F. Sequence—related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), a new marker system based on a simple PCR reaction: Its applicaton to mapping and gene tagging in Brassica [J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2001, 103: 455-461
Laurentin A, Edwards C A. A microtiter modification of the anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric assay for glucose-based carbohydrates [J]. Analytical Biochemistry, 2003, 315: 143-145
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Capecka E. Thiocyanate content in relation to the quality features of radish Raphanus sativus L [J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 1998, 20: 143-147
Crutis L. The noble radish: past, present and future [J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2003, 8: 305-307
Fen wick G R, Heaney R K., Mullin W J. Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in food and food plants [J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1983, 18: 123-201
Fefr W. Genetic contribution to yield gains of five major crop plants [J]. Crop Science, 1984, 24:112-118
Gustavo. DNA Markers. Wiley-vch press [J]. New York : 1998
Huh M K, O Ohnishi. Genetic diversity and genetic relationships of East Asian natural populations of wild radish revealed by AFLP [J]. Breeding Science, 2002, 52: 79-88
Ju H Y, Chong C, Mullin W J, et al. Volatile isothiocyanates and nitriles from glucosinolates in rutabaga and turnip[J]. Horticulture Science, 1982, 107: 1050-1054
Kilkowski W J, Gross G G Color reaction of hydrolyzable tannins with Bradford reagent Coomassie brilliant blue [J]. Phytochemistry, 1999, 51: 363-367
Knudsen KEB. Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant materials used in animal feeding [J].Animal Feed Science Technology, 1997, 67: 319-338
Li G, Quiros C F. Sequence—related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), a new marker system based on a simple PCR reaction: Its applicaton to mapping and gene tagging in Brassica [J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2001, 103: 455-461
Laurentin A, Edwards C A. A microtiter modification of the anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric assay for glucose-based carbohydrates [J]. Analytical Biochemistry, 2003, 315: 143-145
Miranda K M, Espey M G, Wink D A. A Rapid, Simple Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Detection of Nitrate and Nitrite [J]. Biology and Chemistry, 2001, 5: 62-71
Rohlf F J. NTSYS—PC. Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Version 2.1.Setauket New York [J]: Exeter Software. 1993
Ramulu P, Rao P. Total, insoluble and soluble dietary fiber contents of Indian fruits [J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2003, 16: 677-685
Raghu V, Platel K, Srinivasan K. Comparison of ascorbic acid content of Emblica officinalis fruits determined by different analytical methods [J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2007, 20: 529-533
SAS Institute Inc SAS User's Guide [S], Statistics Version 6, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.2004
Song L, Zhang C Y, Zhu H B, et al. Hygienic evaluation of water in ZhangJia -yan reservoir by using water quality index [J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2006, 33: 407-408
Saliba-Colombani V, Causse M, Langlois D, et al. Genetic analysis of organoleptic quality in fresh market tomato.1. Mapping QTLs for physical and chemical traits [J]. Theor appl genet, 2001,102(9): 259-272
Song Y, Xia Y, Wei X, et al. Analysis of Gene Effect on Four Characters of Immature Embryo Culture in Maize[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2007, 6(11): 1291-1296
Topuz A, Ozdemir F. Assessment of carotenoids, capsaicinoids and ascorbic acid composition of some selected pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.) grown in Turkey[J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2007, 20; 596-602
Tang M L, Wang Z L, Li Z J. Using model of factor analysis to calculate weight and to evaluate water quality. Resource survey and envieroment, 2005, 22: 18-20
Vann L S. A rapid micro method for determination of ascorbic acid in urine by ferric reduction [J].Clinical Chemistry, 1965, 11: 979-985
Vanning C, Jensen K, M(?)ller S, et al. Eating quality of raw carrots—correlations between flavour compounds, sensory profiling analysis and consumer liking test, 2004, 15: 531-540
Williams J G, Kubelik A R, Libak K J, et al. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers [J]. Nuc Aci Res, 1990, 18: 6531-6535
Walker. Nitrates, nitrites and N-nitroso compounds: a review of the occurrence in food and diet and the toxicological implications [J]. Food additives and contaminants, 1990, 7: 717-768
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