火力发电厂三维地理信息系统设计与实现
摘要
当前,GIS 的应用及研究主要集中于二维空间信息的表示,此方面的技术及理论研究都已比较成熟。但现实世界中有许多数据源,如城市建筑物、电厂地下管网等迫切需要在GIS 系统中用三维可视化表示。三维地理信息系统中虚拟现实技术是一种复杂的技术,主要强调人在虚拟实境中交互操作和沉浸感。虚拟现实技术与GIS 的结合将其应用推上了一个新台阶,GIS 用户在客观世界的虚拟环境中将能更有效地管理、分析空间实体数据。
电力的生产在国民经济和社会生活中占据重要地位,开展火电厂三维地理信息系统(本文中简称PLGIS)设计研究,采用先进的计算机开发手段,为电厂建立一个三维可视的地理信息系统,将能够为电厂的管理、基建、维修、扩建和决策等提供服务,是提高电厂管理效益、适应电厂体制改革、降低发电成本的有效途径。因此,开发电厂3D GIS 必将成为电厂管理的一大趋势。
本研究选用可视化开发语言(IDL)从底层进行开发,该语言具有可视性、交互性、易使用、面向对象等特点,便于在短期内快速构造软件原型。本研究构建的系统可跨平台运行,不仅能针对已有数据和用户需求设计功能模块,而且具有强大的可移植性和拓展性,模块化的开发方式不仅使程序结构清晰,而且为系统的进一步完善提供接口,在短期完成基本功能实现的同时,兼顾长期的系统升级和功能完善。
本研究开发的PLGIS 平台软件,建立了禹州电厂3D GIS,系统具有三维模型的建立、属性的查询、纹理的粘贴、空间实体的漫游旋转、飞行模拟等功能,取得满意效果。本文对整个设计与实现过程涉及的基本概念、3D GIS 理论及技术进行了探讨,分析了不同开发语言的3D-GIS实现过程,详述基于IDL的3D GIS软件设计及实现,最后详细介绍了禹州电厂3D GIS 系统的主要功能。
本文对电厂3D GIS 开发中出现的诸多关键问题总结并提出了解决的技术路线和方法,如电厂GIS 研制的数据准备、电厂海量数据的分区管理、电厂地下管线属性数据的获取与分类、快速构建电厂地面三维模型的方法、多媒体属性的管理等等,以上技术难题的成功解决,为三维地理信息系统在大型电厂或其他工业企业的实现和工程应用,都具有重大的现实意义。
本文基于可视化工具研制开发电厂3D GIS,综合集成了虚拟现实、可视化和GIS 技术,实现多种空间信息的可视化分析处理,在国内率先将3D GIS 技术成功地应用于火力发电厂,开创了电厂运行管理的新手段,在国内电厂应用领域具有先进性和创新性。
Nowadays, the application of GIS has advanced quickly, especially about the virtual 2D data. However, in the real world, there are many data resources that need for 3D virtual realization in GIS, for example, urban buildings, and infrastructure network under the ground in Power Plant. Virtual reality (VR)in 3D GIS is a kind of complicated technology, which focuses on people’interaction and immersion in virtual reality. The integration of VR and GIS will advance GIS further, and to provide GIS clients with more effective tool to manage spatial data in virtual reality.
It plays an important role in the national economy and social life at every country to product electric power.Develop the design and research of PLGIS through adoptting the adnveced computer means to set up a 3D virtual GIS that will provide service for management, capital construction, maintaining, extending and policy decision of power plant, etc,which is an effective approch to improving management benefit of power plant, meeting the system reform of power plant, reducing the cost of electricty-generating. Thus, to develop Power Plant 3D GIS is bound to be the tendency of power plant management in the future.
IDL is chosen as a developing language in this research ,which has the characters of strong virtuality, interaction, simple using and objective orientation. The system built by IDL can be run in multiple platforms with powerful transplantation and development of functional modal. The methods to modalization development can make the program structure clear, and provide the connection to further development as well.
The PLGIS platform software developed by this research,establish the Yuzhou Power Plant 3D GIS,tries to realize the virtual functions effectively, such as the 3D simulation, distribution query, attachment of texture, the spanning, spinning process and fly simulation of spatial objects. The paper discusses the relative theories and technologies based on the introduction of some basic concepts about 3D-GIS. The realization of 3D-GIS developed by different languages and platforms are analyzed. More attention is put on 3D-GIS developed by IDL. The main functions of the Yuzhou Power Plant 3D GIS are concluded in details.
This paper summarizes the key problems that appear in the development of PLGIS and puts forward the technological routes and solutions, such as data preparation for the development of power plant GIS, management in classified areas of power plant great data, acquirement and classification of attribute data for power plant undergroud pipes, methods of instant construction for power plant 3D GIS , mangement of multimedia attribute, etc. Sovle the above difficult technological problems successfully has a great realistic meaning for not only the implementation of 3D GIS in large-scale power plant and other industrial enterprises,but also the application in the construction.
This paper develops the PLGIS on the basis of visul tool integrated comprehensively with Virtual Reality, Visual, and GIS technology, realizes visual analysis and processing of various kinds of space information, takes a lead in applying successfully 3D GIS to Power Plant at home, creates the new means and menthods of power plant management, has advance and creativity on domestic power plant application.
电力的生产在国民经济和社会生活中占据重要地位,开展火电厂三维地理信息系统(本文中简称PLGIS)设计研究,采用先进的计算机开发手段,为电厂建立一个三维可视的地理信息系统,将能够为电厂的管理、基建、维修、扩建和决策等提供服务,是提高电厂管理效益、适应电厂体制改革、降低发电成本的有效途径。因此,开发电厂3D GIS 必将成为电厂管理的一大趋势。
本研究选用可视化开发语言(IDL)从底层进行开发,该语言具有可视性、交互性、易使用、面向对象等特点,便于在短期内快速构造软件原型。本研究构建的系统可跨平台运行,不仅能针对已有数据和用户需求设计功能模块,而且具有强大的可移植性和拓展性,模块化的开发方式不仅使程序结构清晰,而且为系统的进一步完善提供接口,在短期完成基本功能实现的同时,兼顾长期的系统升级和功能完善。
本研究开发的PLGIS 平台软件,建立了禹州电厂3D GIS,系统具有三维模型的建立、属性的查询、纹理的粘贴、空间实体的漫游旋转、飞行模拟等功能,取得满意效果。本文对整个设计与实现过程涉及的基本概念、3D GIS 理论及技术进行了探讨,分析了不同开发语言的3D-GIS实现过程,详述基于IDL的3D GIS软件设计及实现,最后详细介绍了禹州电厂3D GIS 系统的主要功能。
本文对电厂3D GIS 开发中出现的诸多关键问题总结并提出了解决的技术路线和方法,如电厂GIS 研制的数据准备、电厂海量数据的分区管理、电厂地下管线属性数据的获取与分类、快速构建电厂地面三维模型的方法、多媒体属性的管理等等,以上技术难题的成功解决,为三维地理信息系统在大型电厂或其他工业企业的实现和工程应用,都具有重大的现实意义。
本文基于可视化工具研制开发电厂3D GIS,综合集成了虚拟现实、可视化和GIS 技术,实现多种空间信息的可视化分析处理,在国内率先将3D GIS 技术成功地应用于火力发电厂,开创了电厂运行管理的新手段,在国内电厂应用领域具有先进性和创新性。
Nowadays, the application of GIS has advanced quickly, especially about the virtual 2D data. However, in the real world, there are many data resources that need for 3D virtual realization in GIS, for example, urban buildings, and infrastructure network under the ground in Power Plant. Virtual reality (VR)in 3D GIS is a kind of complicated technology, which focuses on people’interaction and immersion in virtual reality. The integration of VR and GIS will advance GIS further, and to provide GIS clients with more effective tool to manage spatial data in virtual reality.
It plays an important role in the national economy and social life at every country to product electric power.Develop the design and research of PLGIS through adoptting the adnveced computer means to set up a 3D virtual GIS that will provide service for management, capital construction, maintaining, extending and policy decision of power plant, etc,which is an effective approch to improving management benefit of power plant, meeting the system reform of power plant, reducing the cost of electricty-generating. Thus, to develop Power Plant 3D GIS is bound to be the tendency of power plant management in the future.
IDL is chosen as a developing language in this research ,which has the characters of strong virtuality, interaction, simple using and objective orientation. The system built by IDL can be run in multiple platforms with powerful transplantation and development of functional modal. The methods to modalization development can make the program structure clear, and provide the connection to further development as well.
The PLGIS platform software developed by this research,establish the Yuzhou Power Plant 3D GIS,tries to realize the virtual functions effectively, such as the 3D simulation, distribution query, attachment of texture, the spanning, spinning process and fly simulation of spatial objects. The paper discusses the relative theories and technologies based on the introduction of some basic concepts about 3D-GIS. The realization of 3D-GIS developed by different languages and platforms are analyzed. More attention is put on 3D-GIS developed by IDL. The main functions of the Yuzhou Power Plant 3D GIS are concluded in details.
This paper summarizes the key problems that appear in the development of PLGIS and puts forward the technological routes and solutions, such as data preparation for the development of power plant GIS, management in classified areas of power plant great data, acquirement and classification of attribute data for power plant undergroud pipes, methods of instant construction for power plant 3D GIS , mangement of multimedia attribute, etc. Sovle the above difficult technological problems successfully has a great realistic meaning for not only the implementation of 3D GIS in large-scale power plant and other industrial enterprises,but also the application in the construction.
This paper develops the PLGIS on the basis of visul tool integrated comprehensively with Virtual Reality, Visual, and GIS technology, realizes visual analysis and processing of various kinds of space information, takes a lead in applying successfully 3D GIS to Power Plant at home, creates the new means and menthods of power plant management, has advance and creativity on domestic power plant application.
引文
[1]邬伦等.地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用.北京:科学出版社,2001.1-45
[2]边馥苓等. 地理信息系统原理.北京:测绘出版社,1996.3-102
[3]李青元等. 真三维GIS 技术研究的现状与发展.北京:测绘科学,2000(2)
[4]孙敏等. 面向对象的三维矢量GIS 数据模型及拓扑关系的建立.北京:测绘通报,1998(7)
[5]孙敏.三维城市模型的数据建模研究:[博士学位论文].长沙:中南工业大学,2000
[6]边馥苓等. 面向目标的栅格矢量一体化三维数据模型.武汉:武汉测绘科技大学学报,2000(4)
[7]汤国安.ArcView 地理信息系统空间分析方法.北京:科学出版社,2000
[8]阎正.城市地理信息系统标准化指南.北京:科学出版社,1999
[9]徐庆荣等.计算机地图制图原理.武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1997
[10]毋河海.地图数据库系统.北京:测绘出版社,1991 年
[11]王丹.数字城市空间数据获取与应用服务的几个问题.数字城市的理论与实践,北京:世界图书出版公司,2001.9
[12]李军、景宁、孙茂印.“数字地球”中的三维GIS 技术. 北京:电子科技导报.1999(5)
[13]李清泉.基于混合数据结构的三维GIS 数据模型与空间分析研究:[博士论文].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学,1998
[14]龚建华.地学可视化--理论、技术及其应用.北京:中科院地理所博士后研究工作报告, 1997
[15]戴吾蛟.基于分布式对象模型的三维景观及分析系统设计:[硕士论文].长沙:中南大学,2001
[16]邬国锋.多媒体电子地图集集成工具的系统设计与实现:[硕士论文].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学,2000
[17]孙群.数字制图技术的发展与展望.地理信息系统与电子地图技术的发展.1999.145～-150
[18]王家耀. 地理信息系统在中国的开拓与进展. 地理信息系统与电子地图技术的发展,1999.1-6.
[19]李德仁,李清泉.一种三维GIS 混合数据结构研究[J].北京:测绘学报.1997, 26(2), 128-13
[20] [美]Michal N.DeMers.地理信息系统基本原理(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社,2001.1-365
[21]李清泉,李德仁.三维地理信息系统中的数据结构[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报.1996,21(2),128-133
[22] 李青元.三维矢量结构GIS 拓扑关系及其动态建立.北京:测绘学报. 1997(03)
[2]边馥苓等. 地理信息系统原理.北京:测绘出版社,1996.3-102
[3]李青元等. 真三维GIS 技术研究的现状与发展.北京:测绘科学,2000(2)
[4]孙敏等. 面向对象的三维矢量GIS 数据模型及拓扑关系的建立.北京:测绘通报,1998(7)
[5]孙敏.三维城市模型的数据建模研究:[博士学位论文].长沙:中南工业大学,2000
[6]边馥苓等. 面向目标的栅格矢量一体化三维数据模型.武汉:武汉测绘科技大学学报,2000(4)
[7]汤国安.ArcView 地理信息系统空间分析方法.北京:科学出版社,2000
[8]阎正.城市地理信息系统标准化指南.北京:科学出版社,1999
[9]徐庆荣等.计算机地图制图原理.武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1997
[10]毋河海.地图数据库系统.北京:测绘出版社,1991 年
[11]王丹.数字城市空间数据获取与应用服务的几个问题.数字城市的理论与实践,北京:世界图书出版公司,2001.9
[12]李军、景宁、孙茂印.“数字地球”中的三维GIS 技术. 北京:电子科技导报.1999(5)
[13]李清泉.基于混合数据结构的三维GIS 数据模型与空间分析研究:[博士论文].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学,1998
[14]龚建华.地学可视化--理论、技术及其应用.北京:中科院地理所博士后研究工作报告, 1997
[15]戴吾蛟.基于分布式对象模型的三维景观及分析系统设计:[硕士论文].长沙:中南大学,2001
[16]邬国锋.多媒体电子地图集集成工具的系统设计与实现:[硕士论文].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学,2000
[17]孙群.数字制图技术的发展与展望.地理信息系统与电子地图技术的发展.1999.145～-150
[18]王家耀. 地理信息系统在中国的开拓与进展. 地理信息系统与电子地图技术的发展,1999.1-6.
[19]李德仁,李清泉.一种三维GIS 混合数据结构研究[J].北京:测绘学报.1997, 26(2), 128-13
[20] [美]Michal N.DeMers.地理信息系统基本原理(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社,2001.1-365
[21]李清泉,李德仁.三维地理信息系统中的数据结构[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报.1996,21(2),128-133
[22] 李青元.三维矢量结构GIS 拓扑关系及其动态建立.北京:测绘学报. 1997(03)