PACS若干核心软件的研究与实现
摘要
随着信息技术的飞速发展和计算机应用水平的不断提高，面向医疗的新一代
信息系统已由过去单纯的医院信息系统（Hospital Information System，HIS）、放
射信息系统（Radiological Information System，RIS）等事务管理的模式，发展
成为面向医疗服务，集成病人信息、医学影像信息和医疗管理信息的综合化医院
管理信息系统。医学影像存档和传输系统（Picture Archiving and Communication
System，PACS）是综合化医院管理信息中的一个重要组成部分，代表着目前医疗
信息系统应用的最高水平，也是今后医院信息化发展的必然趋势。
随着PACS的重要性逐渐被人们所认识，其相关技术在近十五年中也得到了
迅速发展。但是，要实现PACS仍然还有很多问题需要解决，例如 医学影像的获
取、无损压缩、传输、高清晰度显示处理等，这些技术在PACS中起着举足轻重
的作用，可以说一个真正的基于网络的PACS是所有这些技术有机的综合。
本论文分析并实现了建立PACS过程中涉及到的若干关键技术。通过研究国
际医学影像通信标准—DICOM（Digital Imaging and Communications in
Medicine）标准，分析了目前医学影像获取的几种方式的优缺点，并给出相应获
取方式的数据格式以及同DICOM标准格式之间的转换接口；论述了医学影像压
缩在PACS中的重要性及图象无损压缩的原理，并在原有无损压缩算法上进行改
进，实现了一种基于神经网络的无损压缩算法，同时介绍了DICOM2000标准所
支持的JPEG-LS无损压缩算法的原理及实现方法；设计了医学影像的传输模型，
并阐述了如何通过组件技术实现多用户医学影像的传输，以及图象传输过程中保
护数据安全的网络安全机制；介绍了医学影像处理技术，并给出了若干实用的影
像处理技术的原理、实现方法及实验结果。论文最后，把PACS技术和WEB技
术结合起来，在比较现有两种远程医疗模式的基础上，提出了“基于Internet的
远程医疗系统”的具体解决方案，并给出系统的功能结构图。
本论文所描述的关键技术已应用于实际的PACS应用示范系统中，并取得了
良好的运行效果。
With the fast development of Information Technology and improvement of the computer application technology, the new generation of information system for medicine has expanded from the separate HIS(Hospital Information System), RIS (Radiology Information System) into the integrate hospital management information system which including patient information, medical image and the management information in medicine. PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication System) is an important part of the integrate hospital management information which represents the upmost level in the application of medical information system.
The key technologies of PACS develop rapidly within the recent 15 years. However, there is still many problems left when setting up a genuine PACS such as the image acquisition, lossless compression, image transmission image display, etc.. These technologies play an important role in the PACS.
The article analyses some key technologies involved in setting up a PACS. It Introduces the DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard and compare several image acquisition methods; It discusses the importance of image compression in PACS, realizes a lossless compression algorithm based on neutral network by revising a former algorithm, expatiates the principle of JPEG-LS Iossless compression standard which is supported by the DICOM2000 standard; It discusses the medical image transmission mode introduces how to achieve the multi-user image transmission based on the windows component technology and the security technologies used in image transmission; It represents some medical image processing technologies, lists out their basic principle and the corresponding realization method. At last, the Article integrates the WEB technology and PACS technology to put forward an absolute resolution of Telemedicinethe Tele-Medicine System based on Internet?and gives the function
chart.
信息系统已由过去单纯的医院信息系统（Hospital Information System，HIS）、放
射信息系统（Radiological Information System，RIS）等事务管理的模式，发展
成为面向医疗服务，集成病人信息、医学影像信息和医疗管理信息的综合化医院
管理信息系统。医学影像存档和传输系统（Picture Archiving and Communication
System，PACS）是综合化医院管理信息中的一个重要组成部分，代表着目前医疗
信息系统应用的最高水平，也是今后医院信息化发展的必然趋势。
随着PACS的重要性逐渐被人们所认识，其相关技术在近十五年中也得到了
迅速发展。但是，要实现PACS仍然还有很多问题需要解决，例如 医学影像的获
取、无损压缩、传输、高清晰度显示处理等，这些技术在PACS中起着举足轻重
的作用，可以说一个真正的基于网络的PACS是所有这些技术有机的综合。
本论文分析并实现了建立PACS过程中涉及到的若干关键技术。通过研究国
际医学影像通信标准—DICOM（Digital Imaging and Communications in
Medicine）标准，分析了目前医学影像获取的几种方式的优缺点，并给出相应获
取方式的数据格式以及同DICOM标准格式之间的转换接口；论述了医学影像压
缩在PACS中的重要性及图象无损压缩的原理，并在原有无损压缩算法上进行改
进，实现了一种基于神经网络的无损压缩算法，同时介绍了DICOM2000标准所
支持的JPEG-LS无损压缩算法的原理及实现方法；设计了医学影像的传输模型，
并阐述了如何通过组件技术实现多用户医学影像的传输，以及图象传输过程中保
护数据安全的网络安全机制；介绍了医学影像处理技术，并给出了若干实用的影
像处理技术的原理、实现方法及实验结果。论文最后，把PACS技术和WEB技
术结合起来，在比较现有两种远程医疗模式的基础上，提出了“基于Internet的
远程医疗系统”的具体解决方案，并给出系统的功能结构图。
本论文所描述的关键技术已应用于实际的PACS应用示范系统中，并取得了
良好的运行效果。
With the fast development of Information Technology and improvement of the computer application technology, the new generation of information system for medicine has expanded from the separate HIS(Hospital Information System), RIS (Radiology Information System) into the integrate hospital management information system which including patient information, medical image and the management information in medicine. PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication System) is an important part of the integrate hospital management information which represents the upmost level in the application of medical information system.
The key technologies of PACS develop rapidly within the recent 15 years. However, there is still many problems left when setting up a genuine PACS such as the image acquisition, lossless compression, image transmission image display, etc.. These technologies play an important role in the PACS.
The article analyses some key technologies involved in setting up a PACS. It Introduces the DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard and compare several image acquisition methods; It discusses the importance of image compression in PACS, realizes a lossless compression algorithm based on neutral network by revising a former algorithm, expatiates the principle of JPEG-LS Iossless compression standard which is supported by the DICOM2000 standard; It discusses the medical image transmission mode introduces how to achieve the multi-user image transmission based on the windows component technology and the security technologies used in image transmission; It represents some medical image processing technologies, lists out their basic principle and the corresponding realization method. At last, the Article integrates the WEB technology and PACS technology to put forward an absolute resolution of Telemedicinethe Tele-Medicine System based on Internet?and gives the function
chart.
引文
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[3]Reiner B I, Siegel E L, Hooper F, et al. Impact of filmless imaging on the frequency of clinician review of radiology images. Journal of Digital Imaging, 1998, 11(3):149-150.
[4]Hiroshi Kondo,Bin zhao and Masako Mino "Automated Quantitative analysis for pneumoconiosis" Kyushu Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering Kitakyushu, SPIE Vil.3545
[5]纪震 牟轩沁 蔡元龙 “基于自适应方向滤波的左心室轮廓提取”，中国医疗器械杂志1999年第23卷第5期Vol．23No．5 1999
[6]朱宏擎 经致远 林良明 颜国正“医学彩色图像边缘检测方法的研究”，中国医疗器械杂志1999年第23卷第2期vol．23No．2 1999
[7]贾克斌 沈波．“实现医学影像存档传输系统中的若干关键技术”，中国图像图像学报，5A(7)：539-544。
[8]H.K Huang "PACS: basic principles and applications" New York: Wiley, c1999.
[9]缪陶 陶勇浩“医学影像存档与通讯系统发展方案及其设计模式的论证和选择”中华放射学杂志1999年第33卷第12期
[10]刘海一 任连仲 王桂雁 赵方启 唐龙 唐泽圣“智能化医学多媒体信息处理示范系统的设计”计算机系统应用1999年第6期．
[11]董茜 汪建华 谢秀林“医生工作站及其设计”计算机系统应用1999年第4期．
[12]Bellingham, Wash "PACS design and evaluation" SPIE, c1999
[13]Rabit O. Current view on the functionalitis of PACS. Int J Biomed Comput, 1992, 30(2):193-199.
[14]傅海鸿 “PACS效益评估模型”中华放射学杂志1998年第32卷第1期
[15]宋健宁 “试论医学影像存档与通讯系统的诊断价值”中华放射学杂志1999 年第33卷第12期Vol．33No．12 1999
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[21] Lymberopoulos D C, Spiropoolos K V, Anastassopoulos G C, et al.ELPIDA: a general architecture for medical imaging systems supporting telemedicine applications. Journal of EIectronic Imaging, 1995, 4(1):84-97.
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[26] Gibaud B, Garfagni H, Aubry F, et al. Standardization in the field of medical image management - the contribution of the mimosa model. IEEE Transaction in Medical Imaging, 1998, 17(1):62-73.
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[2]Carrino J A, Unkel P J, and Miller I D. Large-scale PACS implementation. Journal of Digital Imaging, 1998, 11(3):3-7.
[3]Reiner B I, Siegel E L, Hooper F, et al. Impact of filmless imaging on the frequency of clinician review of radiology images. Journal of Digital Imaging, 1998, 11(3):149-150.
[4]Hiroshi Kondo,Bin zhao and Masako Mino "Automated Quantitative analysis for pneumoconiosis" Kyushu Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering Kitakyushu, SPIE Vil.3545
[5]纪震 牟轩沁 蔡元龙 “基于自适应方向滤波的左心室轮廓提取”，中国医疗器械杂志1999年第23卷第5期Vol．23No．5 1999
[6]朱宏擎 经致远 林良明 颜国正“医学彩色图像边缘检测方法的研究”，中国医疗器械杂志1999年第23卷第2期vol．23No．2 1999
[7]贾克斌 沈波．“实现医学影像存档传输系统中的若干关键技术”，中国图像图像学报，5A(7)：539-544。
[8]H.K Huang "PACS: basic principles and applications" New York: Wiley, c1999.
[9]缪陶 陶勇浩“医学影像存档与通讯系统发展方案及其设计模式的论证和选择”中华放射学杂志1999年第33卷第12期
[10]刘海一 任连仲 王桂雁 赵方启 唐龙 唐泽圣“智能化医学多媒体信息处理示范系统的设计”计算机系统应用1999年第6期．
[11]董茜 汪建华 谢秀林“医生工作站及其设计”计算机系统应用1999年第4期．
[12]Bellingham, Wash "PACS design and evaluation" SPIE, c1999
[13]Rabit O. Current view on the functionalitis of PACS. Int J Biomed Comput, 1992, 30(2):193-199.
[14]傅海鸿 “PACS效益评估模型”中华放射学杂志1998年第32卷第1期
[15]宋健宁 “试论医学影像存档与通讯系统的诊断价值”中华放射学杂志1999 年第33卷第12期Vol．33No．12 1999
[16]Tsiknakis M, Katenakis D, Orphanoudakis S. Intelligent image management in a distributed PACS and telemedicine environment. IEEE Commun Mag, 1996, 34(7):36-45.
[17]Inamura K, Kondo H, Takeda H. Development and operation of PACS/teleradiology in Japan. IEEE Commun Mag, 1996, 34(7):46-51.
[18] Parisi S B, MogeI G T, Dominguez R, et al. The effect of 10/1 compression and soft copy interpertation on the chest radiographs of premature neonates with reference to their possible application in teleradiology.European Radiology, 1998, 8(1):141-143.
[19] Prett H M, Langlotz C P, Feingold E R, et al. Incremental cost of department-wide implementation of a PACS and computed radiography.Radiology, 1998, 206(1):245-252.
[20] Lepointe H D. Teleradiology. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 1998, 52(2):64-68.
[21] Lymberopoulos D C, Spiropoolos K V, Anastassopoulos G C, et al.ELPIDA: a general architecture for medical imaging systems supporting telemedicine applications. Journal of EIectronic Imaging, 1995, 4(1):84-97.
[22] Behlen F. A dicom document-oriented approach to PACS infrastructure. Journal of Digital Imaging, 1998, 11(3):35-38.
[23] 赵喜平，郑崇勋，毛松寿．PACS的发展趋势．中华放射学杂志，1998，32(1)：1-4．
[24] 童杰胡大可 认知数字图象通讯标准 —DICOM 国外医学生物工程分册1999年第22卷第5期
[25] Kuzmak P M, and Dayhoff R E. Integration of imaging functionality into the health-care enterprise using dicom. Journal of Digital Imaging, 1998,11(3):67-70.
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