面向对象的建模原则及其应用
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摘要
本文在概述各种面向对象方法，以及用于软件分析和设计的设计原则于设计
模式的基础上，阐明了软件开发过程在很大程度上是一个分解的过程，分解可以
降低难度、可以适应设计的改变及需求变化。同时，文章提出了三个基于分解的
面向对象建模原则：完备原则、正交原则、明确原则。完备原则指出分解不能有
任何遗漏。正交原则建议，当两个子系统有共性时，应该将共性分解出来作为新
的子系统，以便于重用。明确原则提出分解后的子系统应该在领域内是确定的，
有意义的。为了指导三个原则的应用，文中还提供了详尽的应用指南。
本文利用上述原则和对象过程图（Object Process Diagram）对基于图形的超
媒体系统GBH的产品化项目平方多媒体创作工具HyperPublisher进行了建模。
为了让多媒体创作工具HyperPublisher更好的适应用户的需要，更有市场竞
争力，在分析和设计HyperPublisher之前，本文详尽的介绍了对其他创作工具的
分析和比较。文章根据多媒体创作问题自身的特点，提出了一个更加灵活简单的
HyperPublisher的模型。
After summarizing famous Object-Oriented methods, some
design patterns and design principles that are used to analyze and design software are introduced.
The dissertation illustrates that the process of software development, to a great extent, is the
process of decomposing. Decomposing can not only degrade the difficulty of software
development, but also make the design result to be changeable and maintainable. The dissertation
proposes three decomposing-based model principles:
self-contained principle, orthogonal principle, and definitude principle. Self-contained principle
indicates that there must be nothing omitted after decomposing. Orthogonal principle advises that
the common features of more than one entity should be abstracted as a new subsystem so as to be
reuse if there are some. Definitude principle proposes that the subsystems decomposed from a
domain should be definitive and significative in that domain. In the dissertation, the detailed
application guidelines for the principles are provided to help developer to apply them.
In the case study of the dissertation, the three principles and Object-Process Diagram are used to
model HyperPublisher, a hypermedia authoring tool based on GBH (Graphics-Based Hypermedia
system), a research achievement.
To satisfy the user requirements and compete with other multimedia authoring tools, the dissertation
analyzes the other authoring tools in detail. Finally, a simpler and more flexible HyperPublisher
model is proposed based on the essential features of the multimedia authoring domain.
模式的基础上，阐明了软件开发过程在很大程度上是一个分解的过程，分解可以
降低难度、可以适应设计的改变及需求变化。同时，文章提出了三个基于分解的
面向对象建模原则：完备原则、正交原则、明确原则。完备原则指出分解不能有
任何遗漏。正交原则建议，当两个子系统有共性时，应该将共性分解出来作为新
的子系统，以便于重用。明确原则提出分解后的子系统应该在领域内是确定的，
有意义的。为了指导三个原则的应用，文中还提供了详尽的应用指南。
本文利用上述原则和对象过程图（Object Process Diagram）对基于图形的超
媒体系统GBH的产品化项目平方多媒体创作工具HyperPublisher进行了建模。
为了让多媒体创作工具HyperPublisher更好的适应用户的需要，更有市场竞
争力，在分析和设计HyperPublisher之前，本文详尽的介绍了对其他创作工具的
分析和比较。文章根据多媒体创作问题自身的特点，提出了一个更加灵活简单的
HyperPublisher的模型。
After summarizing famous Object-Oriented methods, some
design patterns and design principles that are used to analyze and design software are introduced.
The dissertation illustrates that the process of software development, to a great extent, is the
process of decomposing. Decomposing can not only degrade the difficulty of software
development, but also make the design result to be changeable and maintainable. The dissertation
proposes three decomposing-based model principles:
self-contained principle, orthogonal principle, and definitude principle. Self-contained principle
indicates that there must be nothing omitted after decomposing. Orthogonal principle advises that
the common features of more than one entity should be abstracted as a new subsystem so as to be
reuse if there are some. Definitude principle proposes that the subsystems decomposed from a
domain should be definitive and significative in that domain. In the dissertation, the detailed
application guidelines for the principles are provided to help developer to apply them.
In the case study of the dissertation, the three principles and Object-Process Diagram are used to
model HyperPublisher, a hypermedia authoring tool based on GBH (Graphics-Based Hypermedia
system), a research achievement.
To satisfy the user requirements and compete with other multimedia authoring tools, the dissertation
analyzes the other authoring tools in detail. Finally, a simpler and more flexible HyperPublisher
model is proposed based on the essential features of the multimedia authoring domain.
引文
1、James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual Addition-Wesley,
2、Roger S.Pressman．软件工程：实践者的研究方法．机械工业出版社，1999
3、Ronald J.Norman. Object-Oriented System Analysis and Design. Prentice Hall,1996
4、Ronald J.Norman著 周之美等译 面向对象系统分析与设计 清华大学出版社 Prentice-Hall 2000
5、邵维忠 杨芙清．面向对象的系统分析．清华大学出版社 广西科学技术出版社，1998
6、Stephen.R·Schach著，袁兆山译 软件工程Java语言实现 机械工业出版社·McGraw-Hill 1999
7、Edward Yourdon,Carl Argila．实用面向对象软件工程教程．电子工业出版社，1998
8、范玉顺 曹军威．复杂系统的面向对象建模，分析和设计．清华大学出版社施普林格出版社，2000
9、延开 定海 面向对象分析和设计清华大学出版社2001
10、Erich Gamma等Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software Addison-Wesley 1995
11、Erich Gamma等 李英军等译 设计模式：可复用面向对象软件的基础 机械工业出版社 Addison-Wesley2000
12、Robert C. Martin. The Open Closed Principle,C~(++) Report,January. 1996 P1-14
13、Robert C. Martin The Liskov Substitution Principle, C~(++) Report,March. 1996 P1-12
14、Robert C. Martin The Dependency Inversion Principle,C~(++) Report, 1997,June P1-12
15、Robert C. Martin The Interface Segregation Principle, C~(++) Report,,Aug. 1996 P1-13
16、Robert C. Martin Granularity, .C~(++) Report, Nov/Dec. 1996 P1-12
17、Robert C. Martin Stability, .C~(++) Report, 1997 P1-15
18、Niklaus Wirth Program Development by Stepwise Refinemnet, 1971,CACM,Vol.P14, 221-227
19、胡晓峰等 多媒体系统原理与应用 人民邮电出版社 1995 P139-P177
20、胡晓峰等 多媒体系统人民邮电出版社1997 P160-P177
21、刘连芳等 超文本／超媒体技术 国防工业出版社1998 P157-P80
22、陈利强等 Authorware 5.0技术与实例 人民邮电出版社 1999 P30-P172，P244-P249
23、Mairomedia Using Flash
24、方正奥思 方正多媒体创作工具帮助
25、Dov Dori Object-Process Methodology Applied to Modeling Credit Card Transactions, Journal of Database Management 2001 Vol. 12, No. 1 P4—11
26、Mor Peleg and Dov Dori The Model Multiplicity Problem:Experimenting with Real-Time Specification Methods IEEE Transactions On softare Engineering, 2000 Vol 26. No.6. P1—15
27、Mor Peleg Modeling System Dynamics Through The Object-Process Methodology Research Thesis For The Degree Of Doctor Of Philosophy P20—30
2、Roger S.Pressman．软件工程：实践者的研究方法．机械工业出版社，1999
3、Ronald J.Norman. Object-Oriented System Analysis and Design. Prentice Hall,1996
4、Ronald J.Norman著 周之美等译 面向对象系统分析与设计 清华大学出版社 Prentice-Hall 2000
5、邵维忠 杨芙清．面向对象的系统分析．清华大学出版社 广西科学技术出版社，1998
6、Stephen.R·Schach著，袁兆山译 软件工程Java语言实现 机械工业出版社·McGraw-Hill 1999
7、Edward Yourdon,Carl Argila．实用面向对象软件工程教程．电子工业出版社，1998
8、范玉顺 曹军威．复杂系统的面向对象建模，分析和设计．清华大学出版社施普林格出版社，2000
9、延开 定海 面向对象分析和设计清华大学出版社2001
10、Erich Gamma等Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software Addison-Wesley 1995
11、Erich Gamma等 李英军等译 设计模式：可复用面向对象软件的基础 机械工业出版社 Addison-Wesley2000
12、Robert C. Martin. The Open Closed Principle,C~(++) Report,January. 1996 P1-14
13、Robert C. Martin The Liskov Substitution Principle, C~(++) Report,March. 1996 P1-12
14、Robert C. Martin The Dependency Inversion Principle,C~(++) Report, 1997,June P1-12
15、Robert C. Martin The Interface Segregation Principle, C~(++) Report,,Aug. 1996 P1-13
16、Robert C. Martin Granularity, .C~(++) Report, Nov/Dec. 1996 P1-12
17、Robert C. Martin Stability, .C~(++) Report, 1997 P1-15
18、Niklaus Wirth Program Development by Stepwise Refinemnet, 1971,CACM,Vol.P14, 221-227
19、胡晓峰等 多媒体系统原理与应用 人民邮电出版社 1995 P139-P177
20、胡晓峰等 多媒体系统人民邮电出版社1997 P160-P177
21、刘连芳等 超文本／超媒体技术 国防工业出版社1998 P157-P80
22、陈利强等 Authorware 5.0技术与实例 人民邮电出版社 1999 P30-P172，P244-P249
23、Mairomedia Using Flash
24、方正奥思 方正多媒体创作工具帮助
25、Dov Dori Object-Process Methodology Applied to Modeling Credit Card Transactions, Journal of Database Management 2001 Vol. 12, No. 1 P4—11
26、Mor Peleg and Dov Dori The Model Multiplicity Problem:Experimenting with Real-Time Specification Methods IEEE Transactions On softare Engineering, 2000 Vol 26. No.6. P1—15
27、Mor Peleg Modeling System Dynamics Through The Object-Process Methodology Research Thesis For The Degree Of Doctor Of Philosophy P20—30