利用固体废弃物制备系列多孔陶瓷滤料
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摘要
随着经济和社会的发展,污染物的种类和数量不断增加。综合利用固体废弃物,研制新型的过滤材料具有重大环保意义。本研究以烧结法赤泥、拜耳法赤泥与淤泥为主要原料,加入一些改善材料成型与烧成性能的添加剂,制备了性能优良的系列赤泥质、淤泥质多孔陶瓷滤球,实现了对多种固体废弃物的综合开发和利用。
利用XRFA、XRD、TG-DTA与SEM等测试手段,分析了固体废弃物烧结法赤泥、拜耳法赤泥和淤泥的化学组成、矿物组成、高温特性以及显微形貌等。结果表明,烧结法赤泥适宜于生产低温快烧的Ca-Al-Si系统陶瓷;拜耳法赤泥适宜于生产高品质陶瓷;淤泥中仅存在大量石英(SiO_2)晶相,将在烧成中赋予制品较高的强度与耐久性。
采用SEM、XRD和EPMA等测试方法,对赤泥质多孔陶瓷滤球样品的性能和微观结构进行了分析测试。结果表明,烧结法赤泥(S)及拜耳法赤泥(B)均可以单独制备多孔陶瓷滤料,但两种赤泥联合使用可弥补单一原料的不足,获得更优的制品性能。典型配方BS5-2赤泥总添加量达50wt%(S:B=1:1.2),于1100℃下烧成样品的显气孔率为37.58%,吸水率为20.44%,体积密度为1.84kg/m~3,抗压碎强度为26.6MPa,耐酸性为89.17%,耐碱性为99.76%。
在赤泥质多孔陶瓷滤球的最佳配方BS5-2中添加低温成孔剂煤粉及高温成孔剂石墨对滤料进行气孔率调控,并通过SEM、XRD等测试手段测试所得样品的相关理化性能。结果表明,低温成孔剂煤粉及高温成孔剂石墨的加入都能起到气孔率调控的作用,以石墨为成孔剂的系列具有更优的制品性能。典型配方G2石墨添加量达20wt%(外加),于1120℃下烧成样品的显气孔率为48.21%,吸水率为31.33%,体积密度为1.54kg/m~3,抗压碎强度为10.50MPa,耐酸性为86.55%,耐碱性为97.87%。
以东湖淤泥为主要原料制备多孔陶瓷滤料,并在淤泥系列最佳配方中添加高温成孔剂白云石与石墨进行气孔率调控,通过SEM、XRD等测试手段测试所得样品的相关理化性能。结果表明,淤泥可以单独制备多孔陶瓷滤料;成孔剂石墨与白云石的加入都能起到气孔率调控的作用,使用石墨成孔剂的系列具有更优的制品性能。典型配方YC2石墨添加量达20wt%(外加),于1080℃下烧成样品的显气孔率为36.97%,吸水率为20.34%,体积密度为1.82kg/m~3,抗压碎强度为13.50MPa,耐酸性为96.76%,耐碱性为97.38%。
对赤泥质多孔陶瓷滤球烧成反应机理探讨发现,原料中各种矿物相在烧成过程中生成液相或固相,反应生成物相主要受原料矿物组成、烧成温度、物相反应活性与烧成气氛等因素影响。粘土类原料的加入使系统有生成莫来石(3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2)晶相的倾向;拜耳法赤泥的加入使系统有生成堇青石(2MgO·2Al_2O_3·5SiO_2)晶相的倾向。系统的高温反应符合Mg-Ca-Al-Si系统反应规律。
The categories and amounts of pollution stuff have continuously increased as the economy and the society develop.Producing new filtration materials by solid wastes plays a significant role in environment-protection.This study used sintered red mud,Bayer red mud and East-lake sediments as the main raw materials to prepare excellent series porous ceramic filtration materials with some additives added to improve forming and sintering properties,which has carried out exploitation and utilization of varied solid wastes.
The chemical compositions,crystal phases,high-temperature properties and microstructure of the solid wastes sintered red mud,Bayer red mud and East-lake sediments have been tested by XRFA,XRD,TG-DTA and SEM.The results indicated that sintered red mud was suitable to produce low temperature and fast firing Ca-Al-Si system ceramics,Bayer red mud was suitable to produce ceramics with high quality and a large amount of quartz(SiO_2)existed in East-lake sediments could endue samples with higher strength and durability.
The performances and microstructure of the porous ceramic filtration materials made by red mud were tested by SEM,XRD and EPMA.The results showed that porous ceramic filtration materials could be prepared by either of sintered red mud (S)or Bayer red mud(B),while usage of both two kinds of them was superior to that of either of them.The porosity(Pa)was 37.58%,water absorption(Wa)was 20.44%, bulk density(D)was 1.84kg/m~3,crushing strength was 26.6MPa,acid resistance was 89.17%and alkali resistance was 99.76%,when the optimal sample BS5-2 was fired at 1100℃with 50 wt%total content of red mud in which S:B(sintered red mud to Bayer red mud)was 1:1.2.
The low-temperature pore-forming material coal powder and the high-temperature pore-forming material graphite were added into the optimal sample BS5-2 to control the porosity and the corresponding performances of as-received samples were measured by SEM and XRD.The results showed that addition of the low-temperature pore-forming material coal powder and the high-temperature pore-forming material graphite could both contribute to control the porosity while the series with graphite added was superior to the other.The porosity(Pa)was 48.21%,water absorption(Wa)was 31.33%,bulk density(D)was 1.54kg/m~3, crushing strength was 10.50MPa,acid resistance was 86.55%and alkali resistance was 97.87%,when the optimal sample G2 was fired at 1120℃with 20 wt% additional content of graphite added.
The East-lake sediments were used to prepare porous ceramic filtration materials while the high-temperature pore-forming materials dolomite and graphite were added into the optimal sample made by East-lake sediments to control the porosity and the corresponding performances of as-received samples were measured by SEM and XRD.The results showed that addition of the pore-forming materials dolomite and graphite could both contribute to control the porosity while the series with graphite added was superior to the other.The porosity(Pa)was 36.97%,water absorption(Wa)was 20.34%,bulk density(D)was 1.82kg/m~3,crushing strength was 13.50MPa,acid resistance was 96.76%and alkali resistance was 97.38%,when the optimal sample YC2 was fired at 1080℃with 20 wt%additional content of graphite added.
The reaction mechanism of the porous ceramic filtration materials made by red mud was discussed in this study.It was found that varied crystal phases in raw materials produced liquid phase or solid phase in sintering process and the resultant of reaction depended on factors such as crystal phases of raw materials,sintered temperatures,reaction activity and sintered atmosphere.There was a tendency to generate mullite(3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2)with clay added in the system.There was also a tendency to generate cordierite(2MgO·2Al_2O_3·5SiO_2)with Bayer red mud added. The reaction mechanism in high temperature of this system corresponded to the rule of Mg-Ca-Al-Si system.
利用XRFA、XRD、TG-DTA与SEM等测试手段,分析了固体废弃物烧结法赤泥、拜耳法赤泥和淤泥的化学组成、矿物组成、高温特性以及显微形貌等。结果表明,烧结法赤泥适宜于生产低温快烧的Ca-Al-Si系统陶瓷;拜耳法赤泥适宜于生产高品质陶瓷;淤泥中仅存在大量石英(SiO_2)晶相,将在烧成中赋予制品较高的强度与耐久性。
采用SEM、XRD和EPMA等测试方法,对赤泥质多孔陶瓷滤球样品的性能和微观结构进行了分析测试。结果表明,烧结法赤泥(S)及拜耳法赤泥(B)均可以单独制备多孔陶瓷滤料,但两种赤泥联合使用可弥补单一原料的不足,获得更优的制品性能。典型配方BS5-2赤泥总添加量达50wt%(S:B=1:1.2),于1100℃下烧成样品的显气孔率为37.58%,吸水率为20.44%,体积密度为1.84kg/m~3,抗压碎强度为26.6MPa,耐酸性为89.17%,耐碱性为99.76%。
在赤泥质多孔陶瓷滤球的最佳配方BS5-2中添加低温成孔剂煤粉及高温成孔剂石墨对滤料进行气孔率调控,并通过SEM、XRD等测试手段测试所得样品的相关理化性能。结果表明,低温成孔剂煤粉及高温成孔剂石墨的加入都能起到气孔率调控的作用,以石墨为成孔剂的系列具有更优的制品性能。典型配方G2石墨添加量达20wt%(外加),于1120℃下烧成样品的显气孔率为48.21%,吸水率为31.33%,体积密度为1.54kg/m~3,抗压碎强度为10.50MPa,耐酸性为86.55%,耐碱性为97.87%。
以东湖淤泥为主要原料制备多孔陶瓷滤料,并在淤泥系列最佳配方中添加高温成孔剂白云石与石墨进行气孔率调控,通过SEM、XRD等测试手段测试所得样品的相关理化性能。结果表明,淤泥可以单独制备多孔陶瓷滤料;成孔剂石墨与白云石的加入都能起到气孔率调控的作用,使用石墨成孔剂的系列具有更优的制品性能。典型配方YC2石墨添加量达20wt%(外加),于1080℃下烧成样品的显气孔率为36.97%,吸水率为20.34%,体积密度为1.82kg/m~3,抗压碎强度为13.50MPa,耐酸性为96.76%,耐碱性为97.38%。
对赤泥质多孔陶瓷滤球烧成反应机理探讨发现,原料中各种矿物相在烧成过程中生成液相或固相,反应生成物相主要受原料矿物组成、烧成温度、物相反应活性与烧成气氛等因素影响。粘土类原料的加入使系统有生成莫来石(3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2)晶相的倾向;拜耳法赤泥的加入使系统有生成堇青石(2MgO·2Al_2O_3·5SiO_2)晶相的倾向。系统的高温反应符合Mg-Ca-Al-Si系统反应规律。
The categories and amounts of pollution stuff have continuously increased as the economy and the society develop.Producing new filtration materials by solid wastes plays a significant role in environment-protection.This study used sintered red mud,Bayer red mud and East-lake sediments as the main raw materials to prepare excellent series porous ceramic filtration materials with some additives added to improve forming and sintering properties,which has carried out exploitation and utilization of varied solid wastes.
The chemical compositions,crystal phases,high-temperature properties and microstructure of the solid wastes sintered red mud,Bayer red mud and East-lake sediments have been tested by XRFA,XRD,TG-DTA and SEM.The results indicated that sintered red mud was suitable to produce low temperature and fast firing Ca-Al-Si system ceramics,Bayer red mud was suitable to produce ceramics with high quality and a large amount of quartz(SiO_2)existed in East-lake sediments could endue samples with higher strength and durability.
The performances and microstructure of the porous ceramic filtration materials made by red mud were tested by SEM,XRD and EPMA.The results showed that porous ceramic filtration materials could be prepared by either of sintered red mud (S)or Bayer red mud(B),while usage of both two kinds of them was superior to that of either of them.The porosity(Pa)was 37.58%,water absorption(Wa)was 20.44%, bulk density(D)was 1.84kg/m~3,crushing strength was 26.6MPa,acid resistance was 89.17%and alkali resistance was 99.76%,when the optimal sample BS5-2 was fired at 1100℃with 50 wt%total content of red mud in which S:B(sintered red mud to Bayer red mud)was 1:1.2.
The low-temperature pore-forming material coal powder and the high-temperature pore-forming material graphite were added into the optimal sample BS5-2 to control the porosity and the corresponding performances of as-received samples were measured by SEM and XRD.The results showed that addition of the low-temperature pore-forming material coal powder and the high-temperature pore-forming material graphite could both contribute to control the porosity while the series with graphite added was superior to the other.The porosity(Pa)was 48.21%,water absorption(Wa)was 31.33%,bulk density(D)was 1.54kg/m~3, crushing strength was 10.50MPa,acid resistance was 86.55%and alkali resistance was 97.87%,when the optimal sample G2 was fired at 1120℃with 20 wt% additional content of graphite added.
The East-lake sediments were used to prepare porous ceramic filtration materials while the high-temperature pore-forming materials dolomite and graphite were added into the optimal sample made by East-lake sediments to control the porosity and the corresponding performances of as-received samples were measured by SEM and XRD.The results showed that addition of the pore-forming materials dolomite and graphite could both contribute to control the porosity while the series with graphite added was superior to the other.The porosity(Pa)was 36.97%,water absorption(Wa)was 20.34%,bulk density(D)was 1.82kg/m~3,crushing strength was 13.50MPa,acid resistance was 96.76%and alkali resistance was 97.38%,when the optimal sample YC2 was fired at 1080℃with 20 wt%additional content of graphite added.
The reaction mechanism of the porous ceramic filtration materials made by red mud was discussed in this study.It was found that varied crystal phases in raw materials produced liquid phase or solid phase in sintering process and the resultant of reaction depended on factors such as crystal phases of raw materials,sintered temperatures,reaction activity and sintered atmosphere.There was a tendency to generate mullite(3Al_2O_3·2SiO_2)with clay added in the system.There was also a tendency to generate cordierite(2MgO·2Al_2O_3·5SiO_2)with Bayer red mud added. The reaction mechanism in high temperature of this system corresponded to the rule of Mg-Ca-Al-Si system.
引文
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