东亚飞蝗灾害的遥感监测机理与方法研究
|
摘要
我国是农业大国，蝗灾同水灾、旱灾并列为农业三大灾害。蝗灾不发则已，一发则赤地千里，不可收拾。近年来，全球气候变暖、连续干旱，我国14个省200多个县，同时爆发蝗虫灾害，面积超过200多万公顷，对我国农业生产造成严重威胁。因此，2002年2月国家计委发布《实施应用高技术控制我国蝗灾产业化专项的公告》。中科院遥感所，农业部全国农业技术推广中心，河北省计委联合开始在环渤海湾地区研究东亚飞蝗灾害，同时中科院遥感所开始了环渤海湾东亚飞蝗灾害的遥感监测机理和方法研究，本论文就是在该项研究的基础上完成的，主要成果体现在以下方面：
(1)提出了对基于东亚飞蝗灾害建立全生育周期综合遥感监测新模式
当前国际上运行的遥感虫害(包括蝗虫灾害)监测系统一般是灾情后发挥作用。本研究提出了针对东亚飞蝗灾害建立全生育周期综合遥感监测新模式，将灾后监测扩展为孵化期、发育期、成虫期三个阶段监测，即：应用遥感数据对蝗虫栖息地生境特征及蝗害发生不同阶段进行多尺度多时相连续监测和分析，揭示生境特征变化与蝗虫种群发生、发育之间的关系机理，利用多元数据融合和数量分析方法建立蝗虫种群密度-生境指标-地面光谱-遥感影像之间的定量模型。从遥感层面为研究蝗害发生趋势和防治途径提供科学方法和依据。
(2)东亚飞蝗生育环境要素的遥感探测机理和方法研究
通过野外实地探测蝗虫孵化期地表水热条件，建立遥感反演水热参数与实测参数之间的关联模型，建立野外实测东亚飞蝗生长发育期环境指标、地面光谱、遥感影像提取参数之间的相关关系；对比研究植被要素对飞蝗生境的响应；开展了野外同步实验，验证遥感反演生物物理参数的可靠性，估算了不同尺度1000m，250m和30m)遥感数据反演参数的精度；在蝗区大尺度范围内利用了低空间分辨率、高时间分辨率的MODIS数据，对东亚飞蝗孵化的水热条件和植被要素进行了实时动态监测；在黄骅、天津大港蝗区利用高分辨率Landsat-5／TM、Landsat-7／ETM数据进行东亚飞蝗的栖境条件监测。
(3)应用3S手段将多源数据融合进行蝗虫灾害监测的综合分析
在对蝗虫生物性分析数据、地面实测环境要素的统计数据、遥感反演的水热条件、植被要素、多年气候数据、历史蝗灾记录、蝗害发生时有关数据进行
集成和分析的基础上，提供孵化出土爆发地、蝗虫密集生长区域、迁移方向、
灾情评价以及来年孽生地预测:实现蝗虫发生量与灾害预测，并生成蝗灾发生
程度和分布区域的空间分布图。
(4)本研究将成为“35+C+W”(遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统、
通讯、网络)集成技术建成的东亚飞蝗监测系统的核心内容。
The major economy of our country is agriculture. The locust hazard is three main agriculture hazards after floods and droughts. Once it breaks out it is covered on kilometers of lands in red color and very difficult to control. In recent years, because of the global warming and continuous dry climate East Asian Migratory Locust hazards broke out in 160 counties of 12 provinces in China involving 2,000,000 hectares agriculture lands. In February of 2002 National Planning Council announced a project of application of the high tech-knowledge to control the East Asian Migratory Locust hazards. Institute of remote sensing application (IRSA) of China Academy Sciences, Agriculture tech-knowledge promote center of China Agriculture and Planning Council of Hebei province organized together to cooperate to start studying the methods of using remote sensing to monitor East Asian Migratory Locust hazards. IRSA went ahead to carry out remote sensing new model for monitoring the locusts. This dissertation presents the res
ults of the study. There are some merits of the dissertation as following,
(1) The new model of building remote sensing monitoring system for the East Asian migrating locust based on the nature circle of locust breeding stages
Currently, the remote sensing monitor system of insect pest hazards brings into play after hazards breaking out. In the dissertation a new model to monitor the locusts in active way, in which the locusts breeding process is divided into three stages there are hatching, growing and adult in correspond with there are some differences of monitoring parameters and vegetation conditions (biology-physics
features) within the stages. Remote sensing can retrieve surface temperature and moisture at hatching stage; biomass lose at locust growing stage; locust grouping and moving at adult stage.
(2) The biology and physical mechanism test and retrieval methods of remote sensing data for East Asian migratory locust
Establish the correlation models among locust breakout and breeding environment indicators, field spectral features and remote sensing retrievals; comparison of the response of retrieved parameters and vegetation factors; synchronism test was carried out to test the reliability of remote sensing retrieved soil moisture and temperature, vegetation conditions and assessment of the accuracy of retrieved parameters with different scale such as 1000m. 250m and 30m resolution remote sensing data; The MODIS data was used in large scale which contribute high temporal in formation. In Dagang district of Tianjin city and Huanghua county TM/ETM data were used for monitor locust breeding conditions.
(3) The integrated analysis application of Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS (3S) The locust biology and physical condition data, field testing data of
environment factors, soil moisture and temperature data, vegetation data retrieved from remote sensing, climate data as well as history record of locust hazards were syntactically analyzed as a results to provide locust hatching ground, locust assemble areas, migrating directions as well as prediction of the breed areas for next year. In this way the locust hazards time comes through and spatial distribution can be mapped.
(4) The research results will be the kernel tech-knowledge and major procedures for "RS+C+W" Migrate Locust of East Asian monitoring system.
(1)提出了对基于东亚飞蝗灾害建立全生育周期综合遥感监测新模式
当前国际上运行的遥感虫害(包括蝗虫灾害)监测系统一般是灾情后发挥作用。本研究提出了针对东亚飞蝗灾害建立全生育周期综合遥感监测新模式，将灾后监测扩展为孵化期、发育期、成虫期三个阶段监测，即：应用遥感数据对蝗虫栖息地生境特征及蝗害发生不同阶段进行多尺度多时相连续监测和分析，揭示生境特征变化与蝗虫种群发生、发育之间的关系机理，利用多元数据融合和数量分析方法建立蝗虫种群密度-生境指标-地面光谱-遥感影像之间的定量模型。从遥感层面为研究蝗害发生趋势和防治途径提供科学方法和依据。
(2)东亚飞蝗生育环境要素的遥感探测机理和方法研究
通过野外实地探测蝗虫孵化期地表水热条件，建立遥感反演水热参数与实测参数之间的关联模型，建立野外实测东亚飞蝗生长发育期环境指标、地面光谱、遥感影像提取参数之间的相关关系；对比研究植被要素对飞蝗生境的响应；开展了野外同步实验，验证遥感反演生物物理参数的可靠性，估算了不同尺度1000m，250m和30m)遥感数据反演参数的精度；在蝗区大尺度范围内利用了低空间分辨率、高时间分辨率的MODIS数据，对东亚飞蝗孵化的水热条件和植被要素进行了实时动态监测；在黄骅、天津大港蝗区利用高分辨率Landsat-5／TM、Landsat-7／ETM数据进行东亚飞蝗的栖境条件监测。
(3)应用3S手段将多源数据融合进行蝗虫灾害监测的综合分析
在对蝗虫生物性分析数据、地面实测环境要素的统计数据、遥感反演的水热条件、植被要素、多年气候数据、历史蝗灾记录、蝗害发生时有关数据进行
集成和分析的基础上，提供孵化出土爆发地、蝗虫密集生长区域、迁移方向、
灾情评价以及来年孽生地预测:实现蝗虫发生量与灾害预测，并生成蝗灾发生
程度和分布区域的空间分布图。
(4)本研究将成为“35+C+W”(遥感、地理信息系统、全球定位系统、
通讯、网络)集成技术建成的东亚飞蝗监测系统的核心内容。
The major economy of our country is agriculture. The locust hazard is three main agriculture hazards after floods and droughts. Once it breaks out it is covered on kilometers of lands in red color and very difficult to control. In recent years, because of the global warming and continuous dry climate East Asian Migratory Locust hazards broke out in 160 counties of 12 provinces in China involving 2,000,000 hectares agriculture lands. In February of 2002 National Planning Council announced a project of application of the high tech-knowledge to control the East Asian Migratory Locust hazards. Institute of remote sensing application (IRSA) of China Academy Sciences, Agriculture tech-knowledge promote center of China Agriculture and Planning Council of Hebei province organized together to cooperate to start studying the methods of using remote sensing to monitor East Asian Migratory Locust hazards. IRSA went ahead to carry out remote sensing new model for monitoring the locusts. This dissertation presents the res
ults of the study. There are some merits of the dissertation as following,
(1) The new model of building remote sensing monitoring system for the East Asian migrating locust based on the nature circle of locust breeding stages
Currently, the remote sensing monitor system of insect pest hazards brings into play after hazards breaking out. In the dissertation a new model to monitor the locusts in active way, in which the locusts breeding process is divided into three stages there are hatching, growing and adult in correspond with there are some differences of monitoring parameters and vegetation conditions (biology-physics
features) within the stages. Remote sensing can retrieve surface temperature and moisture at hatching stage; biomass lose at locust growing stage; locust grouping and moving at adult stage.
(2) The biology and physical mechanism test and retrieval methods of remote sensing data for East Asian migratory locust
Establish the correlation models among locust breakout and breeding environment indicators, field spectral features and remote sensing retrievals; comparison of the response of retrieved parameters and vegetation factors; synchronism test was carried out to test the reliability of remote sensing retrieved soil moisture and temperature, vegetation conditions and assessment of the accuracy of retrieved parameters with different scale such as 1000m. 250m and 30m resolution remote sensing data; The MODIS data was used in large scale which contribute high temporal in formation. In Dagang district of Tianjin city and Huanghua county TM/ETM data were used for monitor locust breeding conditions.
(3) The integrated analysis application of Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS (3S) The locust biology and physical condition data, field testing data of
environment factors, soil moisture and temperature data, vegetation data retrieved from remote sensing, climate data as well as history record of locust hazards were syntactically analyzed as a results to provide locust hatching ground, locust assemble areas, migrating directions as well as prediction of the breed areas for next year. In this way the locust hazards time comes through and spatial distribution can be mapped.
(4) The research results will be the kernel tech-knowledge and major procedures for "RS+C+W" Migrate Locust of East Asian monitoring system.
引文
布和敖斯尔，金子正美，石齐英治等．MODIS几何补正手法绍介 北海道资源·环境评价应用．北海道环境科学研究—所报．2001，NO．28：21-30．
陈述彭，童庆禧，郭华东主编．遥感信息机理研．北京：科学出版社，1998．7
陈永林．飞蝗的一个新亚种——西藏飞蝗(Locusta migratoria tibetensis subsp．n．)．昆虫学报，1963，12：463-475．
长谷川均著．解析基础．古今书院．
丁岩钦等．东亚飞蝗的分布型的研究及其应用．昆虫学报，1978，21(3)：243-259．
董俊．华北蝗虫凶猛，2001年6月15日，北京晚报(3版)．
郭郛，陈永林，卢宝廉．中国飞蝗生物学．济南：山东科学技术出版社，1989．
古滨洋治·冈本谦一·增子治信著．人工卫星波．(社)电子情报通信学会．
韩秀珍，马建文，马超飞等．利用TM及地面样方与光谱数据综合分析东亚飞蝗灾害．自然灾害学报，2001，10(4)：173-178．
韩秀珍，马建文，罗敬宁等．遥感与GIS在东亚飞蝗灾害研究中的应用．地理研究．2003，22(2)：253-260．
印象初．青藏高原的蝗虫．北京：科学出版社，1984，245-251．
蒋耿明，刘朵高，牛铮等．MODIS 1B数据几何纠正方法研究和软件开发．遥感学报，2003，待发．
李召良．地表温度的反演算法．内部资料．1999．
李小文，高峰，王锦地等．新几何光学核的验证以及用核驱动模型反演地表反照率．1999年遥感与地理信息系统高研班论文集．
李鸿吕，陈永林．内蒙古典型草原蝗虫食性的研究-Ⅱ优势蝗虫在自然植物群落中的取食特性．中科院内蒙古草原生态系统定位站编，草原生态系统研究(第一集)，科学出版社，1985，154-163．
李鸿吕，王征，陈永林．典型草原三种蝗虫成虫期的食物消耗量及其利用的初步研究．生态学报，1987，7(4)：331-338．
林国全，洪富文，游汉明等．福山试验林生态系统生物量与叶面积指数的累积与分布．林业试验所研究报告季刊，1994，9(4)：299-315．
刘苏峡等．土壤水分及土壤—大气界面对麦田水热传输的作用．地理研究，1999，(1)：24-29．
刘玉洁，杨忠东等．MODIS遥感信息处理原理与算法．北京：科学出版社，2000．
刘荣高．MODIS科学数据处理软件平台．中国科学院博士后研究工作报告，2002．
张祖勋，张剑清．数字摄影测量学．武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社，1996．柳钦火，徐希孺，
陈家宜．遥测地表温度与比辐射率的迭代反演方法．遥感学报，1998，2(1)：1-8．
马世俊．中国昆虫生态地理概述．北京：科学出版社，1959．
马世俊等．中国东亚飞蝗蝗区的研究．北京：科学出版社，1965．
马建文，赵忠明，布和敖斯尔．遥感数据模型与处理方法．北京：中国科学技术出版社，2001．
马建文，张增祥，王长耀．中国西部生态环境容量和发展潜力的遥感定量化研究与示范．中科院知识创新工程2000年度科研报告．
倪绍祥，蒋建军等．遥感与GIS在蝗虫灾害防治研究中的应用进展．地球科学进展，2000，
15(1)：97-100．
牛铮、陈永华、隋洪智等，叶片化学组分成像光谱遥感探测机理分析，遥感学报，2000，Vol．4，No．2，125-130
浦瑞良、宫鹏，森林生物化学与CASI高光谱分辨率遥感数据的相关分析，遥感学报，1997，Vol．1，No．2．
钦俊德，郭郛等．蝗卵的研究Ⅱ：蝗卵在孵化时的变化及其意义．昆虫学报，1956，6(1)：37-60．
钦俊德．蝗卵的研究Ⅲ．东亚飞蝗卵的火水和耐旱能力．昆虫学报，1958，5(3)：207-225．
钦俊德，郭郛等．蝗卵的研究Ⅳ：浸水对于蝗卵胚胎发育和死亡的影响．昆虫学报，1959，9(4)：287-305．
邱式帮等．蝗虫的分布消长和活动与植物关系的研究．植物保护学报，1962，1(3)，283-290．
沈庭芳，方子文编著．数字图像处理及模式识别．北京理工大学出版社．1997．
田国良等．用NOAA-AVHRR数字图像和地面气象资料估算麦田的蒸散和土壤水分．田国良主编，黄河流域典型地区遥感动态研究．科学出版社，1990．
童庆禧、郑兰芬、王晋年等，湿地植被成像光谱遥感研究，遥感学报，Vol．1，No．1，1997．
吴北婴等编著．大气辐射传输实用算法．北京：气象出版社，1998．
徐萃薇．计算方法引论．高等教育出版．1985
徐兴奎．基于遥感和地理信息系统的中国地表能量特征分析．博士论文，中国科学院遥感应用研究所，1999．
星仰著．工学基础．森北出版株式会社．
尤端淑，马世俊．东亚飞蝗产卵及蝗卵孵化与土壤含盐量的关系．植物保护学报，1964，3(4)：333-348．
张新时，杨奠安，倪文革．植被的PEP(可能蒸散)指标与植被-气候分类(三)，几种主要方法与PEP程序介绍．植物生态学报与地植物学报，1993，157-169．
张新时．研究全球变化的植被-气候分类系统．第四季研究，1993，1：15-21．
周广胜，王玉辉．全球变化与气候-植被分类研究和展望．科学通报，1999，44(24)：2587-2592．
周广胜，王玉辉．土地利用/覆盖变化对气候的反馈作用．自然资源学报，1999，14(4)：318-322．
张仁华．实验遥感模型及地面基础．北京：科学出版社，1996．
张孝灿，黄智才，赵元洪．遥感数字图像处理．杭州：浙江大学出版社，1997，222-232．
朱恩林主编．中国东亚飞蝗发生与治理．北京：中国农业出版社．1998．
Anding D.,and R. Kauth, Estimation of sea surface temperature from space,,Rem. Sens. Environ., 1970(1): 217-220.
APLC(Australian plague locust commission), http://www.AFFA.gov
A. stogrn, Estimates of brightness temperatures from scanning radiometer data, IEEE Trans. Antenna Propagat, 1976,1.
Badhwar, G. D.,Verhoeff, W.,& Bunnik, J.J.. Comparative study of suits and SAIL canopy reflectance model. Remote Sensing Environ-ment, 1985(17): 179-195.
Becker, F.. The impact of spectral emissivity on the measurement of land surface temperature from a satellite. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1987(8): 1509-1522.
Becker, F., and Li, Z.L..Towards a local split window method over land surface. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1990(11): 369-393.
Brown Kw, Rosenberg. H. T., A resistance model to predict evapotranspiration and its application to a sugar beet field, Agron.,1985,1,65:341-347.
Bryceson K.P..The use of Lanclsat MSS data to determine the distribution of locust eggbeds in the Riverina region of New South Wales,Australia.Int J Remote Sensing,1989,11:1749-1762．
Caselles,V.,Coll,C.,Valor,E...Land surface temperature determination in the whole Hapex Sahel area from AVHRR data,Int.J.Remote Sensing,1997,18,(5) :1009-1027．
Chedin A.,N.A.Scott,A.Berroir..A single channel double viewing angle method for sea surface temperature determination from coincident METEOSAT and TIROS-N radiometric measurements,J.Clim.Applied Meteor.,1982,21:613-618．
Cherlet.M,A.Di Gregorio,1998Calibration and integrated modelling of remote sensing data for Desert Locust habitat monitoring,Integrated modelling of remote sensing data for Desert Locust habitat monitoring,SD dimensions,.
Cherlet.M,A.Di Gregorio,Calibration and integrated modelling of remote sensing data for Desert Locust habitat monitoring,Integrated modelling of remote sensing data for Desert Locust habitat monitoring,SD dimensions,1991．
Cooper,D.I.,and Asrar,G Evaluating Atmospheric Correction Models for Retrieving Surface Temperatures from the AVHRR over a Tallgrass Prairie.Remote Sensing of Environment,1989,27:93-102．
Coll,C.,Caselles,V.,Sobrino,J.A.,and Valor,E.On the Atmospheric Dependence of the Split-Window Equation for Land Surface Temperature.International Journal of Remote Sensing,1994,15:105-122．
Coll,C.,Caselles,V,Sobrino,J.A.,and Valor,E.On the Atmospheric Dependence of the Split-Window Equation for Land Surface Temperature.J.Hydrol.1997．
Collins,W.,Remote Sensing of Crop Type and Maturith,Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1978,1,44:43-55．
Curran,P.J..Multispectral remote sensing of a vegetation amount.Progress in Physical Geography,1980,4:175-184．
Curran,P.J..Multispectral remote sensing for estimation of green leaf area index.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.Series A,1983,309:257-270．
Danson,F.M.,Red Edge Response to Leaf Area Index,International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1995,1,16:183-188．
FAO,Desert locust Bulletin,4 June 2001,2:272．
F.Baret,S.Jacquenmoud,and G Guyot,Modeled Analysis of the Biophysical Nature of Spectral Shifts 1,41:133-142．
Filella,I.et al,The Red Edge Position and Shape as Indicators of Plant Chlorophyll Content, Biomass and Hydric Status,International Journal of Remote Sensing,1994,1,15:1459-1470．
Francois,C.,and C.Ottle.Atmospheric corrections in the thermal infrared:Global and water vapor dependent Split-Window algorithms.Application on ATSR data,IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sen.,1996,1,34:457-470．
Gao Y,Arimoto R,Zhou M Y.Merrill J T,and Duce R A.Relationships between the dust concentrations over Eastern Asia and the remote North Pacific.Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,970:9867-9872．
G.G Tappan,D.GMoore and W.I.Knausenberger.Monitoring Grasshopper and LO-cust Habitats in Sahelian Africa Using GIS and Remote Sensing Technology.International Jour-nal of Remote Sensing,1991,5(1) :123-135．
Gilabert,M.A.,et al,Analysis of Spectral-biophysical Relationships for a Corn Canopy,Remote
Sensing of Environment,1996,1,55:11-20．
G Konecny.Methods and possibilities for digital differential rectification.Photogramm.Eng. Remote Sensing,45,(6) :727-734．
Goward,S.N.,& Huemmrich,K.F..Vegetation canopy PAR absorptance and the normalized difference vegetation index:an as-sessment using the SAIL model.Remote Sensing of Environ-ment,1992,39:119-140．
Harris,A.R.and KM.Mason,An extension to the split-window technique giving improved atmospheric correction and total water vapor,Int.J.Remote Sensing,1992,(5) :881-892．
HARE,E.W.,et al.1984a,Geobotanical remote sensing of small localized swarps and bogs in northern Ontario,Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing,Third Thematic Conference,Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology,16-19,April,671-682．
Hatfield,J.L..Canopy temperatures:the usefulness and reliability of remote measurements. Agronomy Journal,1979,71:889-892．
HARE,E.W.,et al.,1984b,Study of the vegetation red reflectance edge in geobotanical remote sensing in eastern Canada,Proceedings of the Ninth Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing,13-17,August,433-440
Hiekema J U.Application of Landsat data in desert locust survey and control.AGP/LCC/77/11． FAO,Rome,Italy,1977．
Hiekema J U.Remote sensing techniques and methodologies for monitoring ecological conditions for desert locust population development.FAO/USAID Final Report.FAO,Rome,Italy,1980．
Hielkema J U,Roffey J,Tucker C J.Assessment of ecological conditions associated with the 1980/81 desert locust plague upsurge in West Africa using environmental satellite data.Int J Remote Sensing,1986,7(11) :1609-1622．
Hooker,S.B.,Esaias,W.E.,Feldman,GC.,Gregg,W.W.,and McClain,C.R.An Overview of SeaWiFS and Ocean Color.NASA Tech.Memo.104566,Vol.1,S.B.Hooker and E.R.Firstone,Eds.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt,Maryland,1992,24pp.
HORLER,D.N.H.,BARBER,J.P.,FERNS,D.C.,and BARRINGER,A.R.,Approaches to Detection of Geochemical Stress in Vegetation,Advanced Space Research,1983a,(3) :175-179．
HORLER,D.N.H.,DOCKRAY,M.,BARBER,J.,and BARRINGER,A.R.,Red Edge Measurements for Remotely Sensing Plant Chlorophyll Content.Advanced Space Research, 1983b,(3) :273-277．
HORLER,D.N.H.,DOCKRAY,M.,and BARBER,J.,The red edge of plant leaf reflectance, InternationalJournal of Remote Sensing,1983c,(4) :273-288．
HORLER,D.N.H.,DOCKRAY,M.,and BARBER,J.,The red edge of plant leaf reflectance, InternationalJournal of Remote Sensing,1983c,(4) :273-288．
Hunt,G E..Radiative properties of terrestrial clouds at visible and infrared thermal wavelengths. Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorolog-ical Society,1973,99:345-469．
Idso et al,The Utility of Surface Temperature Measuremnts for the Remote Sensing Soil Water Status,J.Geophys.Res.,1975,80()21:3044-3049．
Jackson R.D.Spectral response of architecturally different wheat ca nopies,Remote Sensing of Environment,1986,20:43-56．
Jackson R.D.Spectral indices in n-space.Remote Sensing of En-vironment,13,1401-1429．
Jackson et al,wheat canopy temperature:A practical tool for evaluationg water requirements, Water Resource Res.,1997,13(1) :641-656．
Jackson R.D et al.Soil Soc.Am.Proc.,1974,38(1) :861-866．
Jianwen.Ma,V.R.Slaney,et al,Use of Landsat TM data for the mapping of limonitic exposures and altered rocks in Sulohurets area,Central British Colunbia,Proceedings of the 14th Canadian symposium on remote sensing,Calgary,1991,419-422．
Johnson D.L.,Spatial autocorrelation,spatial modeling,and improvements in grasshopper survey methodology.Canadian Entomologist 1989,121:579~588．
Kaufman,Y.J.,A.Setzer,D.Ward,D.Tanre,B.N.Holben,P.Menzel,M.C.Pereira and R.Rasmussen,.Bio-mass Burning Airborne and Spaceborne Experiment it the Amazonas(BASE-A).J.Geophysical Res.,1992b,97:14581-14599
Kerr,Y.H.,Lagouarde,J.P.,and Imbernon,J..Accurate land surface temperature retrieval from AVHRR data withuse of an improved Split Window algorithm:Remote Sens.Envir.,1992,41:197-209．
Kealy,P.S.and S.J.Hook.Separation temperature and emissivity in thermal infrared muspectral scanner data:implications recovering land surface temperatures,IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.,1993,1,31:1155-1164．
K.J.Schaudt,R.E.Dickinson..An approach to deriving roughness length and zero-plane displacement height from satellite data,prototyped with BOREAS data.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2000,104:143-155．
K.R.Castleman,Digital Image Processing.Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall,1979．
Leprieur,C.,Kerr,Y.H.,and Pichon,J.M.,1996,Critical assessment of vegetation indices from AVHRR in a semi-arid environment:International Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17,13:2549-2563．
Liu,H.Q.,and Huete,A.R.,.A feedback based modification of the NDVI to minimize canopy background and atmospheric noise,IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sensing,1995,33:457-465．
Li,Z.L.,and F.Becker.Feasibility of Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Determination from AVHRR data,Remote Sens.Environ.,1993,1,43:7-85．
Magor J.I.,Pender J.Desert locust forcasters'GIS:a researchers' view[A].in:Krall s,peceling R,Ba Diallo D,eds,New strategies in Locust Control[C].Beilin,1997,21-26．
May,D.A.,stowe,L.L.,Hawkins,J.D.,Mclain,E.P..A correction for Saharan dust effects on Satellite sea surface temperature measurements,J.Geophysys.Res.,1992,97:3611-3619． (Empirical)
Mcculloch L.,Hinter D.M.,idengtification and monitoring of Australian plague locust habitats from landsat[J].Remote sensing of environment,1983,13(1) :95-102．
McCulloch L,Hunter D M.Identification and monitoring of Australian plague locust habitats from Landsat.Remote Sensing of Environment,1983,13(1) :95-102．
MILLER,J,R.,Hare,E.W.,and Wu,J.,Quantitative Characterization of the Vegetation Red Edge Reflectance.I.An Inverted-Gaussian Reflectance Model,International Journal of Remote Sensing,1990,1,11,10:1775-1795．
Ni S X,Jiang J J,Wang J C.Study on the landscape ecology of the region surrounding Qinghai Lake,Qinghai Province of China based on remote sensing technology.Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,1999,11(2) :36-39．
Pedgley D E,Testing feasibility of detecting locust breeding dites by datellite[A],final report to NASA on ERTS-1,Experiment.COPR London,1973．
Pinar,A.,Grass Chlorophyll and the Reflectance Red Edge,International of Remote Sensing,1996, 1,17:351-357．
Prabhakara et al.,Estimation of sea surface temperature from remote sensing in the 11 and 13 u m window region,J.Geophys.res.,1974,79:5039-5044．
Price,Estimating Surface Temperatures from Satelllite Thermal Infrared Data.A Simple Formulation for the Atmospheric Effect,Remote Sensing of Environment,1983,1,13:353-361．
Price,J.C.Land Surface Temperature Measurements from the Split Window Channels of the NOAA-7 AVHRR.Journal of Geophysical Research,1984,89:7231-7237．
Prata,A.J.,and Platt,C.M.R.Land Surface Temperature Measurements from the AVHRR[C]. Proceedings,5th AVHRR Data Users Conference,Tromso,Norway,1991,25-28 June,EUM P09,433-438．
R.A.Schowengerdt,Remote Sensing Models and Methods for Image Processing,San Diego,CA:Academic,1997．
Railyan,V.Y.,Red Edge Structure of Canopy Reflectance Spectra of Triticale,Remote Sensing of Environment,1996,1,55:11-20．
Running,S.W.et al.,Terrestrial Remote Sensing science and algorithms planned for EOS/MODIS, Int.J.Remote Sensing,1994,17:3587-3620
Running,S.W.et al.,Mapping regional forest evapotranspiration and photosynthesis by coupling satellite data with ecosystem simulation,Ecology,1989,70:1090-1101．
Robert E.Wolf,David P.Roy,and Eric Vermote.MODIS Land Data Storage,Gridding, and Compositing Methodology:Level 2 Grid.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.1998,36(4) :1324-1338．
Rosema,A.,et al,Tell us A combined surface temperature,Soil moisture and evaporation mapping approach,Paper presented at 12th Int.symp.On Rem.Sens.of Env.Manila, Philippines,1978,April,20-26．
Salisbury,J.W.,and D.M.D'Aria,Emissivity of Terrestrial Materials in the 8-14 mm Atmospheric Window,Remote Sens.Enviro,1992,1(42) :83-106．
Salisbury,J.W.,and D'Aria,D.M.Emissivity of Terrestrial Material in the 3-5mm Atmospheric Window.Remote Sensing of Environment,1994(47) :345-361．
Samuel N.Goward,Yongkang Xue,Kevin P.Czajkowski.Evaluating land surface moisture conditions from the remotely sensed temperature/vegetation index measurements.Rmote sensing of Environment,2002 (79) :225 ~242．
Schell S P,Lockwood J A.Spatial analysis optimizes grasshopper management.CIS World,1995, 8(11) :68-73．
Scott P.Schell,Spatial analysis of geological factors related to grasshope population dynaics in Wyoming,a Thesis Submitted to the Department of Plant,Soil and Insect Sciences and The Graduate School of the University of Wyoming in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Sciences in Entomology Laramie,Wyoming July 1994．
Smith,J.A.,Ranson,K.J.,Nguyen,D.,& Balick,L..Thermal Vegetation canopy model studies. Remote Sensing of Environment,1985(11) :26-31．
Sobrino,J.A.,Rassouni,and Z.L.Li,A comparative Study of Land Surface Emissivity Retrieved from NOVA A Data,Remote Sensing of Environment,2001,1(75) :256-266．
Sobrino,J.A.,Z.L.Li,and M.P.Stoll,Impact of the Atmospheric Transmittance and Total Water Vapor Content in the Algorithms for Estimating Satellite Sea Surface Temperatures,IEEE
Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1993,1(31) :946-952．
Sobrino,J.A.,Z.L.Li,M.Ph.Stoll,and F.Becker,Improvements in the Split-Window technique for land surface temperature determination.IEEE Trans.Geosc.Remote Sensing,1994, 32(2) :243-253．
S.W.Running et al.Terrestrial Remote Sensing Science and Algorithms Planned for EOS/MODIS.INT.J.Remote Sensing,1994,1,15,(17) :3587-3620．
Tanre D.,Holben,B.N.and Kaufman,Y.J.,Atmospheric Correction algorithm for NOAA-AVHRR Products:Theory and Application.IEEE Trans.Geos.Rem Sens.,1992,(30) :231-248．
Tucker C.J..Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Rremote sensing of Environment,1979(8) :127-150．
Tucker C.J,Hielkema J U,Roffey J.The potential of satellite remote sensing of ecological conditions for survey and forecasting desert locust activity.Int J Remote Sensing,1985,6(1) :127-138．
Ulaby,F.F.et al,Microwave Remote Sensing.Addison-Wesley,1982,1(2) .
Ulivieri,C.,M.Castronouvo,R.Francioni,and A.Cardillo,A SW algorithm for estimating land surface temperature from satellites,presented at COSPAR,Washington D.C.,USA.1992．
Valor,E.,and Caselles V..Mapping land surface emissivity from NDVI:Application to European, African,and South American Areas,Remote Sens,Environnement 1996(57) :167-184．
Van De Griend,A.A.,and Owe,M..On the relationship between thermal emissivity and the normalized difference vegetation index for natural surfaces.International Journal of Remote Sensing,1993(14) :1119-1121．
Verhoeff,W..Light scattering by leaf layers with application to canopy reflectance modeling:the SAIL model.Remote sensing of En-vironment,1984(16) :125-141．
Vidal,A.,Atmospheric and emissivity correction of land surface temperature measured from satellite using ground measurements of satellite data,Int,J.Remote sensing.1991,1(12) :2449-2460．
Voss F,Dreiser U.Mapping of desert locust and other migratory pests habitats using remote sensing techniques.In:Krall S,Wilps H,eds.Eschborn.New Trends in Locust Control,1994,23-40．
Xue,Y.,Sellers,P.J.,Kinter,J.L.HI,& Shukla,J..A simplified biosphere model for global climate studies.Journal of Climate,1991(4) :345~364．
Xue,Y.,Bastable,H.G,Dirmeyer,P.A.,& Sellers,P.J..Sensitivity of simulated surface fluxes to changes in land surface parameteriza tion-a study using ABRACOS data.Journal of Climate, 1996(4) :345-364．
Xue,Y.,Zeng,F.J.,& Schlosser,C.A..SSIB and its sensitivity to soil properties-a case study using HAPEX-Mobilhy date.Global and Planetary Change,1996 (13) ,183-194．
陈述彭，童庆禧，郭华东主编．遥感信息机理研．北京：科学出版社，1998．7
陈永林．飞蝗的一个新亚种——西藏飞蝗(Locusta migratoria tibetensis subsp．n．)．昆虫学报，1963，12：463-475．
长谷川均著．解析基础．古今书院．
丁岩钦等．东亚飞蝗的分布型的研究及其应用．昆虫学报，1978，21(3)：243-259．
董俊．华北蝗虫凶猛，2001年6月15日，北京晚报(3版)．
郭郛，陈永林，卢宝廉．中国飞蝗生物学．济南：山东科学技术出版社，1989．
古滨洋治·冈本谦一·增子治信著．人工卫星波．(社)电子情报通信学会．
韩秀珍，马建文，马超飞等．利用TM及地面样方与光谱数据综合分析东亚飞蝗灾害．自然灾害学报，2001，10(4)：173-178．
韩秀珍，马建文，罗敬宁等．遥感与GIS在东亚飞蝗灾害研究中的应用．地理研究．2003，22(2)：253-260．
印象初．青藏高原的蝗虫．北京：科学出版社，1984，245-251．
蒋耿明，刘朵高，牛铮等．MODIS 1B数据几何纠正方法研究和软件开发．遥感学报，2003，待发．
李召良．地表温度的反演算法．内部资料．1999．
李小文，高峰，王锦地等．新几何光学核的验证以及用核驱动模型反演地表反照率．1999年遥感与地理信息系统高研班论文集．
李鸿吕，陈永林．内蒙古典型草原蝗虫食性的研究-Ⅱ优势蝗虫在自然植物群落中的取食特性．中科院内蒙古草原生态系统定位站编，草原生态系统研究(第一集)，科学出版社，1985，154-163．
李鸿吕，王征，陈永林．典型草原三种蝗虫成虫期的食物消耗量及其利用的初步研究．生态学报，1987，7(4)：331-338．
林国全，洪富文，游汉明等．福山试验林生态系统生物量与叶面积指数的累积与分布．林业试验所研究报告季刊，1994，9(4)：299-315．
刘苏峡等．土壤水分及土壤—大气界面对麦田水热传输的作用．地理研究，1999，(1)：24-29．
刘玉洁，杨忠东等．MODIS遥感信息处理原理与算法．北京：科学出版社，2000．
刘荣高．MODIS科学数据处理软件平台．中国科学院博士后研究工作报告，2002．
张祖勋，张剑清．数字摄影测量学．武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社，1996．柳钦火，徐希孺，
陈家宜．遥测地表温度与比辐射率的迭代反演方法．遥感学报，1998，2(1)：1-8．
马世俊．中国昆虫生态地理概述．北京：科学出版社，1959．
马世俊等．中国东亚飞蝗蝗区的研究．北京：科学出版社，1965．
马建文，赵忠明，布和敖斯尔．遥感数据模型与处理方法．北京：中国科学技术出版社，2001．
马建文，张增祥，王长耀．中国西部生态环境容量和发展潜力的遥感定量化研究与示范．中科院知识创新工程2000年度科研报告．
倪绍祥，蒋建军等．遥感与GIS在蝗虫灾害防治研究中的应用进展．地球科学进展，2000，
15(1)：97-100．
牛铮、陈永华、隋洪智等，叶片化学组分成像光谱遥感探测机理分析，遥感学报，2000，Vol．4，No．2，125-130
浦瑞良、宫鹏，森林生物化学与CASI高光谱分辨率遥感数据的相关分析，遥感学报，1997，Vol．1，No．2．
钦俊德，郭郛等．蝗卵的研究Ⅱ：蝗卵在孵化时的变化及其意义．昆虫学报，1956，6(1)：37-60．
钦俊德．蝗卵的研究Ⅲ．东亚飞蝗卵的火水和耐旱能力．昆虫学报，1958，5(3)：207-225．
钦俊德，郭郛等．蝗卵的研究Ⅳ：浸水对于蝗卵胚胎发育和死亡的影响．昆虫学报，1959，9(4)：287-305．
邱式帮等．蝗虫的分布消长和活动与植物关系的研究．植物保护学报，1962，1(3)，283-290．
沈庭芳，方子文编著．数字图像处理及模式识别．北京理工大学出版社．1997．
田国良等．用NOAA-AVHRR数字图像和地面气象资料估算麦田的蒸散和土壤水分．田国良主编，黄河流域典型地区遥感动态研究．科学出版社，1990．
童庆禧、郑兰芬、王晋年等，湿地植被成像光谱遥感研究，遥感学报，Vol．1，No．1，1997．
吴北婴等编著．大气辐射传输实用算法．北京：气象出版社，1998．
徐萃薇．计算方法引论．高等教育出版．1985
徐兴奎．基于遥感和地理信息系统的中国地表能量特征分析．博士论文，中国科学院遥感应用研究所，1999．
星仰著．工学基础．森北出版株式会社．
尤端淑，马世俊．东亚飞蝗产卵及蝗卵孵化与土壤含盐量的关系．植物保护学报，1964，3(4)：333-348．
张新时，杨奠安，倪文革．植被的PEP(可能蒸散)指标与植被-气候分类(三)，几种主要方法与PEP程序介绍．植物生态学报与地植物学报，1993，157-169．
张新时．研究全球变化的植被-气候分类系统．第四季研究，1993，1：15-21．
周广胜，王玉辉．全球变化与气候-植被分类研究和展望．科学通报，1999，44(24)：2587-2592．
周广胜，王玉辉．土地利用/覆盖变化对气候的反馈作用．自然资源学报，1999，14(4)：318-322．
张仁华．实验遥感模型及地面基础．北京：科学出版社，1996．
张孝灿，黄智才，赵元洪．遥感数字图像处理．杭州：浙江大学出版社，1997，222-232．
朱恩林主编．中国东亚飞蝗发生与治理．北京：中国农业出版社．1998．
Anding D.,and R. Kauth, Estimation of sea surface temperature from space,,Rem. Sens. Environ., 1970(1): 217-220.
APLC(Australian plague locust commission), http://www.AFFA.gov
A. stogrn, Estimates of brightness temperatures from scanning radiometer data, IEEE Trans. Antenna Propagat, 1976,1.
Badhwar, G. D.,Verhoeff, W.,& Bunnik, J.J.. Comparative study of suits and SAIL canopy reflectance model. Remote Sensing Environ-ment, 1985(17): 179-195.
Becker, F.. The impact of spectral emissivity on the measurement of land surface temperature from a satellite. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1987(8): 1509-1522.
Becker, F., and Li, Z.L..Towards a local split window method over land surface. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1990(11): 369-393.
Brown Kw, Rosenberg. H. T., A resistance model to predict evapotranspiration and its application to a sugar beet field, Agron.,1985,1,65:341-347.
Bryceson K.P..The use of Lanclsat MSS data to determine the distribution of locust eggbeds in the Riverina region of New South Wales,Australia.Int J Remote Sensing,1989,11:1749-1762．
Caselles,V.,Coll,C.,Valor,E...Land surface temperature determination in the whole Hapex Sahel area from AVHRR data,Int.J.Remote Sensing,1997,18,(5) :1009-1027．
Chedin A.,N.A.Scott,A.Berroir..A single channel double viewing angle method for sea surface temperature determination from coincident METEOSAT and TIROS-N radiometric measurements,J.Clim.Applied Meteor.,1982,21:613-618．
Cherlet.M,A.Di Gregorio,1998Calibration and integrated modelling of remote sensing data for Desert Locust habitat monitoring,Integrated modelling of remote sensing data for Desert Locust habitat monitoring,SD dimensions,.
Cherlet.M,A.Di Gregorio,Calibration and integrated modelling of remote sensing data for Desert Locust habitat monitoring,Integrated modelling of remote sensing data for Desert Locust habitat monitoring,SD dimensions,1991．
Cooper,D.I.,and Asrar,G Evaluating Atmospheric Correction Models for Retrieving Surface Temperatures from the AVHRR over a Tallgrass Prairie.Remote Sensing of Environment,1989,27:93-102．
Coll,C.,Caselles,V.,Sobrino,J.A.,and Valor,E.On the Atmospheric Dependence of the Split-Window Equation for Land Surface Temperature.International Journal of Remote Sensing,1994,15:105-122．
Coll,C.,Caselles,V,Sobrino,J.A.,and Valor,E.On the Atmospheric Dependence of the Split-Window Equation for Land Surface Temperature.J.Hydrol.1997．
Collins,W.,Remote Sensing of Crop Type and Maturith,Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1978,1,44:43-55．
Curran,P.J..Multispectral remote sensing of a vegetation amount.Progress in Physical Geography,1980,4:175-184．
Curran,P.J..Multispectral remote sensing for estimation of green leaf area index.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.Series A,1983,309:257-270．
Danson,F.M.,Red Edge Response to Leaf Area Index,International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1995,1,16:183-188．
FAO,Desert locust Bulletin,4 June 2001,2:272．
F.Baret,S.Jacquenmoud,and G Guyot,Modeled Analysis of the Biophysical Nature of Spectral Shifts 1,41:133-142．
Filella,I.et al,The Red Edge Position and Shape as Indicators of Plant Chlorophyll Content, Biomass and Hydric Status,International Journal of Remote Sensing,1994,1,15:1459-1470．
Francois,C.,and C.Ottle.Atmospheric corrections in the thermal infrared:Global and water vapor dependent Split-Window algorithms.Application on ATSR data,IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sen.,1996,1,34:457-470．
Gao Y,Arimoto R,Zhou M Y.Merrill J T,and Duce R A.Relationships between the dust concentrations over Eastern Asia and the remote North Pacific.Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,970:9867-9872．
G.G Tappan,D.GMoore and W.I.Knausenberger.Monitoring Grasshopper and LO-cust Habitats in Sahelian Africa Using GIS and Remote Sensing Technology.International Jour-nal of Remote Sensing,1991,5(1) :123-135．
Gilabert,M.A.,et al,Analysis of Spectral-biophysical Relationships for a Corn Canopy,Remote
Sensing of Environment,1996,1,55:11-20．
G Konecny.Methods and possibilities for digital differential rectification.Photogramm.Eng. Remote Sensing,45,(6) :727-734．
Goward,S.N.,& Huemmrich,K.F..Vegetation canopy PAR absorptance and the normalized difference vegetation index:an as-sessment using the SAIL model.Remote Sensing of Environ-ment,1992,39:119-140．
Harris,A.R.and KM.Mason,An extension to the split-window technique giving improved atmospheric correction and total water vapor,Int.J.Remote Sensing,1992,(5) :881-892．
HARE,E.W.,et al.1984a,Geobotanical remote sensing of small localized swarps and bogs in northern Ontario,Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing,Third Thematic Conference,Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology,16-19,April,671-682．
Hatfield,J.L..Canopy temperatures:the usefulness and reliability of remote measurements. Agronomy Journal,1979,71:889-892．
HARE,E.W.,et al.,1984b,Study of the vegetation red reflectance edge in geobotanical remote sensing in eastern Canada,Proceedings of the Ninth Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing,13-17,August,433-440
Hiekema J U.Application of Landsat data in desert locust survey and control.AGP/LCC/77/11． FAO,Rome,Italy,1977．
Hiekema J U.Remote sensing techniques and methodologies for monitoring ecological conditions for desert locust population development.FAO/USAID Final Report.FAO,Rome,Italy,1980．
Hielkema J U,Roffey J,Tucker C J.Assessment of ecological conditions associated with the 1980/81 desert locust plague upsurge in West Africa using environmental satellite data.Int J Remote Sensing,1986,7(11) :1609-1622．
Hooker,S.B.,Esaias,W.E.,Feldman,GC.,Gregg,W.W.,and McClain,C.R.An Overview of SeaWiFS and Ocean Color.NASA Tech.Memo.104566,Vol.1,S.B.Hooker and E.R.Firstone,Eds.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt,Maryland,1992,24pp.
HORLER,D.N.H.,BARBER,J.P.,FERNS,D.C.,and BARRINGER,A.R.,Approaches to Detection of Geochemical Stress in Vegetation,Advanced Space Research,1983a,(3) :175-179．
HORLER,D.N.H.,DOCKRAY,M.,BARBER,J.,and BARRINGER,A.R.,Red Edge Measurements for Remotely Sensing Plant Chlorophyll Content.Advanced Space Research, 1983b,(3) :273-277．
HORLER,D.N.H.,DOCKRAY,M.,and BARBER,J.,The red edge of plant leaf reflectance, InternationalJournal of Remote Sensing,1983c,(4) :273-288．
HORLER,D.N.H.,DOCKRAY,M.,and BARBER,J.,The red edge of plant leaf reflectance, InternationalJournal of Remote Sensing,1983c,(4) :273-288．
Hunt,G E..Radiative properties of terrestrial clouds at visible and infrared thermal wavelengths. Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorolog-ical Society,1973,99:345-469．
Idso et al,The Utility of Surface Temperature Measuremnts for the Remote Sensing Soil Water Status,J.Geophys.Res.,1975,80()21:3044-3049．
Jackson R.D.Spectral response of architecturally different wheat ca nopies,Remote Sensing of Environment,1986,20:43-56．
Jackson R.D.Spectral indices in n-space.Remote Sensing of En-vironment,13,1401-1429．
Jackson et al,wheat canopy temperature:A practical tool for evaluationg water requirements, Water Resource Res.,1997,13(1) :641-656．
Jackson R.D et al.Soil Soc.Am.Proc.,1974,38(1) :861-866．
Jianwen.Ma,V.R.Slaney,et al,Use of Landsat TM data for the mapping of limonitic exposures and altered rocks in Sulohurets area,Central British Colunbia,Proceedings of the 14th Canadian symposium on remote sensing,Calgary,1991,419-422．
Johnson D.L.,Spatial autocorrelation,spatial modeling,and improvements in grasshopper survey methodology.Canadian Entomologist 1989,121:579~588．
Kaufman,Y.J.,A.Setzer,D.Ward,D.Tanre,B.N.Holben,P.Menzel,M.C.Pereira and R.Rasmussen,.Bio-mass Burning Airborne and Spaceborne Experiment it the Amazonas(BASE-A).J.Geophysical Res.,1992b,97:14581-14599
Kerr,Y.H.,Lagouarde,J.P.,and Imbernon,J..Accurate land surface temperature retrieval from AVHRR data withuse of an improved Split Window algorithm:Remote Sens.Envir.,1992,41:197-209．
Kealy,P.S.and S.J.Hook.Separation temperature and emissivity in thermal infrared muspectral scanner data:implications recovering land surface temperatures,IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens.,1993,1,31:1155-1164．
K.J.Schaudt,R.E.Dickinson..An approach to deriving roughness length and zero-plane displacement height from satellite data,prototyped with BOREAS data.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2000,104:143-155．
K.R.Castleman,Digital Image Processing.Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall,1979．
Leprieur,C.,Kerr,Y.H.,and Pichon,J.M.,1996,Critical assessment of vegetation indices from AVHRR in a semi-arid environment:International Journal of Remote Sensing,1996,17,13:2549-2563．
Liu,H.Q.,and Huete,A.R.,.A feedback based modification of the NDVI to minimize canopy background and atmospheric noise,IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sensing,1995,33:457-465．
Li,Z.L.,and F.Becker.Feasibility of Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Determination from AVHRR data,Remote Sens.Environ.,1993,1,43:7-85．
Magor J.I.,Pender J.Desert locust forcasters'GIS:a researchers' view[A].in:Krall s,peceling R,Ba Diallo D,eds,New strategies in Locust Control[C].Beilin,1997,21-26．
May,D.A.,stowe,L.L.,Hawkins,J.D.,Mclain,E.P..A correction for Saharan dust effects on Satellite sea surface temperature measurements,J.Geophysys.Res.,1992,97:3611-3619． (Empirical)
Mcculloch L.,Hinter D.M.,idengtification and monitoring of Australian plague locust habitats from landsat[J].Remote sensing of environment,1983,13(1) :95-102．
McCulloch L,Hunter D M.Identification and monitoring of Australian plague locust habitats from Landsat.Remote Sensing of Environment,1983,13(1) :95-102．
MILLER,J,R.,Hare,E.W.,and Wu,J.,Quantitative Characterization of the Vegetation Red Edge Reflectance.I.An Inverted-Gaussian Reflectance Model,International Journal of Remote Sensing,1990,1,11,10:1775-1795．
Ni S X,Jiang J J,Wang J C.Study on the landscape ecology of the region surrounding Qinghai Lake,Qinghai Province of China based on remote sensing technology.Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,1999,11(2) :36-39．
Pedgley D E,Testing feasibility of detecting locust breeding dites by datellite[A],final report to NASA on ERTS-1,Experiment.COPR London,1973．
Pinar,A.,Grass Chlorophyll and the Reflectance Red Edge,International of Remote Sensing,1996, 1,17:351-357．
Prabhakara et al.,Estimation of sea surface temperature from remote sensing in the 11 and 13 u m window region,J.Geophys.res.,1974,79:5039-5044．
Price,Estimating Surface Temperatures from Satelllite Thermal Infrared Data.A Simple Formulation for the Atmospheric Effect,Remote Sensing of Environment,1983,1,13:353-361．
Price,J.C.Land Surface Temperature Measurements from the Split Window Channels of the NOAA-7 AVHRR.Journal of Geophysical Research,1984,89:7231-7237．
Prata,A.J.,and Platt,C.M.R.Land Surface Temperature Measurements from the AVHRR[C]. Proceedings,5th AVHRR Data Users Conference,Tromso,Norway,1991,25-28 June,EUM P09,433-438．
R.A.Schowengerdt,Remote Sensing Models and Methods for Image Processing,San Diego,CA:Academic,1997．
Railyan,V.Y.,Red Edge Structure of Canopy Reflectance Spectra of Triticale,Remote Sensing of Environment,1996,1,55:11-20．
Running,S.W.et al.,Terrestrial Remote Sensing science and algorithms planned for EOS/MODIS, Int.J.Remote Sensing,1994,17:3587-3620
Running,S.W.et al.,Mapping regional forest evapotranspiration and photosynthesis by coupling satellite data with ecosystem simulation,Ecology,1989,70:1090-1101．
Robert E.Wolf,David P.Roy,and Eric Vermote.MODIS Land Data Storage,Gridding, and Compositing Methodology:Level 2 Grid.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.1998,36(4) :1324-1338．
Rosema,A.,et al,Tell us A combined surface temperature,Soil moisture and evaporation mapping approach,Paper presented at 12th Int.symp.On Rem.Sens.of Env.Manila, Philippines,1978,April,20-26．
Salisbury,J.W.,and D.M.D'Aria,Emissivity of Terrestrial Materials in the 8-14 mm Atmospheric Window,Remote Sens.Enviro,1992,1(42) :83-106．
Salisbury,J.W.,and D'Aria,D.M.Emissivity of Terrestrial Material in the 3-5mm Atmospheric Window.Remote Sensing of Environment,1994(47) :345-361．
Samuel N.Goward,Yongkang Xue,Kevin P.Czajkowski.Evaluating land surface moisture conditions from the remotely sensed temperature/vegetation index measurements.Rmote sensing of Environment,2002 (79) :225 ~242．
Schell S P,Lockwood J A.Spatial analysis optimizes grasshopper management.CIS World,1995, 8(11) :68-73．
Scott P.Schell,Spatial analysis of geological factors related to grasshope population dynaics in Wyoming,a Thesis Submitted to the Department of Plant,Soil and Insect Sciences and The Graduate School of the University of Wyoming in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Sciences in Entomology Laramie,Wyoming July 1994．
Smith,J.A.,Ranson,K.J.,Nguyen,D.,& Balick,L..Thermal Vegetation canopy model studies. Remote Sensing of Environment,1985(11) :26-31．
Sobrino,J.A.,Rassouni,and Z.L.Li,A comparative Study of Land Surface Emissivity Retrieved from NOVA A Data,Remote Sensing of Environment,2001,1(75) :256-266．
Sobrino,J.A.,Z.L.Li,and M.P.Stoll,Impact of the Atmospheric Transmittance and Total Water Vapor Content in the Algorithms for Estimating Satellite Sea Surface Temperatures,IEEE
Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1993,1(31) :946-952．
Sobrino,J.A.,Z.L.Li,M.Ph.Stoll,and F.Becker,Improvements in the Split-Window technique for land surface temperature determination.IEEE Trans.Geosc.Remote Sensing,1994, 32(2) :243-253．
S.W.Running et al.Terrestrial Remote Sensing Science and Algorithms Planned for EOS/MODIS.INT.J.Remote Sensing,1994,1,15,(17) :3587-3620．
Tanre D.,Holben,B.N.and Kaufman,Y.J.,Atmospheric Correction algorithm for NOAA-AVHRR Products:Theory and Application.IEEE Trans.Geos.Rem Sens.,1992,(30) :231-248．
Tucker C.J..Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation. Rremote sensing of Environment,1979(8) :127-150．
Tucker C.J,Hielkema J U,Roffey J.The potential of satellite remote sensing of ecological conditions for survey and forecasting desert locust activity.Int J Remote Sensing,1985,6(1) :127-138．
Ulaby,F.F.et al,Microwave Remote Sensing.Addison-Wesley,1982,1(2) .
Ulivieri,C.,M.Castronouvo,R.Francioni,and A.Cardillo,A SW algorithm for estimating land surface temperature from satellites,presented at COSPAR,Washington D.C.,USA.1992．
Valor,E.,and Caselles V..Mapping land surface emissivity from NDVI:Application to European, African,and South American Areas,Remote Sens,Environnement 1996(57) :167-184．
Van De Griend,A.A.,and Owe,M..On the relationship between thermal emissivity and the normalized difference vegetation index for natural surfaces.International Journal of Remote Sensing,1993(14) :1119-1121．
Verhoeff,W..Light scattering by leaf layers with application to canopy reflectance modeling:the SAIL model.Remote sensing of En-vironment,1984(16) :125-141．
Vidal,A.,Atmospheric and emissivity correction of land surface temperature measured from satellite using ground measurements of satellite data,Int,J.Remote sensing.1991,1(12) :2449-2460．
Voss F,Dreiser U.Mapping of desert locust and other migratory pests habitats using remote sensing techniques.In:Krall S,Wilps H,eds.Eschborn.New Trends in Locust Control,1994,23-40．
Xue,Y.,Sellers,P.J.,Kinter,J.L.HI,& Shukla,J..A simplified biosphere model for global climate studies.Journal of Climate,1991(4) :345~364．
Xue,Y.,Bastable,H.G,Dirmeyer,P.A.,& Sellers,P.J..Sensitivity of simulated surface fluxes to changes in land surface parameteriza tion-a study using ABRACOS data.Journal of Climate, 1996(4) :345-364．
Xue,Y.,Zeng,F.J.,& Schlosser,C.A..SSIB and its sensitivity to soil properties-a case study using HAPEX-Mobilhy date.Global and Planetary Change,1996 (13) ,183-194．