钢管输电塔法兰联结节点螺栓脱落损伤诊断的研究
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摘要
输电塔、桅杆和电视塔等结构,是一类与人类生命线直接相关的建筑结构型式,它被广泛地应用于国民经济建设的各个行业。由于它具有高和柔的特点,因此一般对风的作用比较敏感。在强风的长期作用下较易引起结构的损伤,甚至最终导致塔桅钢结构的倒塌。如我国每年都有十余座输电塔会在台风或大风雨中倒塌,特别是2008年我国南方地区雪灾带来的输电线塔倒塌事故最为严重。在此类结构中,最易发生的结构损伤之一是法兰联结节点螺栓脱落的损伤。由于它不易为人们所察觉,且螺栓脱落严重时会大大地降低结构的抗风能力,因此研究它的损伤诊断方法对于保证塔架钢结构的安全就更为必要。
本文提出了一种优化等效的方法,即以反映结构整体特性的精细化有限元模型与等效简化模型两者间的刚度矩阵误差最小为等效原则,在把螺栓脱落损伤等效为法兰联结处杆端截面抗弯刚度下降的基础上,通过基于共轭梯度法的优化等效方法,建立了节点联结螺栓脱落损伤的等效模型,为高耸塔架结构节点螺栓脱落损伤诊断系统的模型建立提供了依据。在此基础上,本文建立了具有法兰螺栓联结节点的大型输电线塔体系精细化有限元模型,并进行了风荷载作用下导线几何非线性对塔结构响应的影响分析。
本文进行了法兰节点螺栓脱落损伤对输电塔结构模态参数的敏感性分析,明确了应变模态作为损伤判别指标的可行性,并从工程测试的角度出发,提出了基于人工激励的应变模态获取方式,借助于数值仿真和模型试验的方法,进行了验证;同时,探讨了风致节点竖向应变响应的统计方差作为输电塔螺栓脱落损伤指标的可行性。
本文提出了基于应变模态的输电塔法兰联结节点螺栓脱落损伤位置与程度的改进模糊模式识别方法,开展了某实际输电塔架结构塔身竖杆的法兰节点螺栓脱落损伤诊断的数值仿真分析,通过距离贴近度与相似贴近度的双重识别可以达到对输电塔架结构螺栓脱落损伤的位置和程度的准确诊断,认证了该方法的有效性。
本文提出了基于应变模态的输电塔法兰联结节点螺栓脱落损伤的智能诊断方法。首先,构建了输电塔架结构法兰节点螺栓脱落损伤的二步诊断法:第一步,由基于应变模态的第一层神经网络的区域初诊;第二步,采用改进遗传算法的损伤杆件具体位置与程度的确诊;通过某塔架结构法兰节点螺栓的实例仿真分析,对二步法的有效型进行了验证。其次,从概率角度出发,推导了噪声环境下目标函数中噪声的统计特性,通过剔除噪声对遗传算法的目标函数进行了有效的修正,该修正后的遗传算法成功应用于输电塔法兰节点螺栓脱落损伤的诊断分析中;仿真结果表明,该方法能有效提高遗传算法在噪声环境下的收敛性能,能对结构损伤进行正确诊断和评估。
本文开展了基于结构风振响应的输电塔法兰联结节点螺栓脱落损伤位置诊断的研究。首先分析了输电塔结构塔身竖杆法兰联结节点风致响应的特点,并推导了结构塔身竖杆节点风致竖向应变响应方差的归一化公式,明确了节点风致响应归一化的统计方差只与结构的损伤程度有关,与外加的风荷载无关的特点,然后提出了基于结构风致响应的输电塔塔身法兰联结节点螺栓脱落损伤位置诊断的小波分析方法,最后通过一实际输电塔法兰螺栓脱落损伤的仿真分析表明,验证了本文提出方法的有效性。
为了验证损伤诊断理论的有效性,本文分别开展了初始人工激励和地震激励下塔架结构塔身竖杆的法兰节点联结螺栓脱落损伤的试验研究,试验结果表明,本文提出的损伤诊断方法能很好的对模拟的螺栓脱落损伤位置和程度进行有效的识别,该损伤诊断试验的理论和方法为实际工程的应用提供了一手的资料。
High-rise tower structures such as transmission tower, mast and television tower etc are one kind of structure shape directly relating with the human lifeline, which are widely applied in the many fileds of national economy construction. Due to the characteristic of its highness and flexibility, the structures are senstive to the action of wind.Under the action of strong wind, it occures to suffer from the collapes of structures.For example, there are more 10 transmission towers in every year which suffer from collapes in the typhoon or strong wind, especially the collapse accidents of transmision tower from the southward snow calamity in 2008 is most serious.As for thees sturctures, one of most average damage types is the damage of bolt looseness in the jiont of flange. Taking into account that it is hard to be found and serious damage of bolt looseness would great reduce the wind-resistant capability, it is more necessary to make some research on the damage detection method to guarantee the safety of steel stower structures.
Based on equaling the bolt looseness of flange as the reduction of parameter values including the elastic modulus, size of section and etc, an optimization equivalent method of conjugate gradient method is put forward on the principal of minimizing the error term between stiffness matrix of refined model and one of equivalent simple model. By the method, an equivalent model of transmission tower reflecting the bolt looseness of flange is set up which provides the solid foundation for the establishment of damage detection system of bolt looseness on the high-rising steel structure.Based on this, the refinement finite element model of large-scale transmission line tower system with the equivalent flange bolt joint is established, and the influence of wire geometry misalignment on the the tower structure response has been studied.
The sensitivity of bolt looseness damage on the jiont of flange on the modal parameter of transmission tower structure is analyzed, and the validity of strain modal or strain response as the damage index has been authenticated, at the same time the way to get the strain modal based on the manual drive is proposed, at last, the sensitivity of the strain modal and gain way's validity is validated by the simulation analysis and model experiment.
An updating detection approach of Fuzzy-pattern recognition based on strain mode is also presented in order to locate the specific bolted looseness damage by the reduplicative detection of distance nest degree and proportion nest degree. Performance of the proposed damage detection approach is demonstrated with analysis of the Xiang-jiang transmission tower structure. The result turns up trumps with certain application value.
This paper elaborates the actual difficulty of large-scale multiple structure's damage diagnosis, and fractional-step detection method of bolted looseness damage in transmittance tower structures is presented. The first step is to identify the damage region by the neural network, then locate the detailed damage location and degree by the hybrid genetic algorithm; Performance of the proposed damage detection approach is demonstrated with analysis of a tower structure. The result turns up trumps. The genetic algorithm's optimized performance under the noise environment has been elaborated; taking into account the genetic algorithm's traditional flaws, such as "premature", "stagnation", excessive variable and so on, technologies such as multi-father body hybrid、microhabitat and drifting operator and etc based on variable level has been introducedSecondly, based on the method of probability, statistical property of noise contribution from the objective function respectively under the absolute and relative noise environment is inferred, the objective function has been effectively improved by eliminating the statistical noise value. Finally, this improved method has been effectively applied in the damage diagnosis of bolt becomes on the jiongt of flange in the transmission tower. The simulation result indicates that this method can effectively enhance the convergence performance of genetic algorithm under the noise environment and can make the correct diagnosis and appraisal to the structure damage.
This paper has carried on the fundamental research on the damage diagnosis of bolt looseness on the jiont of flange in the transmission tower under the wind load drive. By deducing the damage characteristic which is senstive to damage and independent of load, effective diagnosis of damage of bolt looseness on the jiont of flange is realized by applying the wavelet transform method with strong abatement ability and sensitive characteristic to the wave signal. Through the simulation analysis under the action of different wind load, the results indicate that this method can effective carry on the recognition of bolt loseness damage with excellent anti-noise ability.
In order to confirm the validity of damage diagnosis theory in this paper, the experimental study of bolt loose damage on the joint of flange is carried on, respectively under the initial manual drive and the earthquake drive. The results have confirmed the validity of damage diagnosis method which provides a experimental material for the actual project's application.
本文提出了一种优化等效的方法,即以反映结构整体特性的精细化有限元模型与等效简化模型两者间的刚度矩阵误差最小为等效原则,在把螺栓脱落损伤等效为法兰联结处杆端截面抗弯刚度下降的基础上,通过基于共轭梯度法的优化等效方法,建立了节点联结螺栓脱落损伤的等效模型,为高耸塔架结构节点螺栓脱落损伤诊断系统的模型建立提供了依据。在此基础上,本文建立了具有法兰螺栓联结节点的大型输电线塔体系精细化有限元模型,并进行了风荷载作用下导线几何非线性对塔结构响应的影响分析。
本文进行了法兰节点螺栓脱落损伤对输电塔结构模态参数的敏感性分析,明确了应变模态作为损伤判别指标的可行性,并从工程测试的角度出发,提出了基于人工激励的应变模态获取方式,借助于数值仿真和模型试验的方法,进行了验证;同时,探讨了风致节点竖向应变响应的统计方差作为输电塔螺栓脱落损伤指标的可行性。
本文提出了基于应变模态的输电塔法兰联结节点螺栓脱落损伤位置与程度的改进模糊模式识别方法,开展了某实际输电塔架结构塔身竖杆的法兰节点螺栓脱落损伤诊断的数值仿真分析,通过距离贴近度与相似贴近度的双重识别可以达到对输电塔架结构螺栓脱落损伤的位置和程度的准确诊断,认证了该方法的有效性。
本文提出了基于应变模态的输电塔法兰联结节点螺栓脱落损伤的智能诊断方法。首先,构建了输电塔架结构法兰节点螺栓脱落损伤的二步诊断法:第一步,由基于应变模态的第一层神经网络的区域初诊;第二步,采用改进遗传算法的损伤杆件具体位置与程度的确诊;通过某塔架结构法兰节点螺栓的实例仿真分析,对二步法的有效型进行了验证。其次,从概率角度出发,推导了噪声环境下目标函数中噪声的统计特性,通过剔除噪声对遗传算法的目标函数进行了有效的修正,该修正后的遗传算法成功应用于输电塔法兰节点螺栓脱落损伤的诊断分析中;仿真结果表明,该方法能有效提高遗传算法在噪声环境下的收敛性能,能对结构损伤进行正确诊断和评估。
本文开展了基于结构风振响应的输电塔法兰联结节点螺栓脱落损伤位置诊断的研究。首先分析了输电塔结构塔身竖杆法兰联结节点风致响应的特点,并推导了结构塔身竖杆节点风致竖向应变响应方差的归一化公式,明确了节点风致响应归一化的统计方差只与结构的损伤程度有关,与外加的风荷载无关的特点,然后提出了基于结构风致响应的输电塔塔身法兰联结节点螺栓脱落损伤位置诊断的小波分析方法,最后通过一实际输电塔法兰螺栓脱落损伤的仿真分析表明,验证了本文提出方法的有效性。
为了验证损伤诊断理论的有效性,本文分别开展了初始人工激励和地震激励下塔架结构塔身竖杆的法兰节点联结螺栓脱落损伤的试验研究,试验结果表明,本文提出的损伤诊断方法能很好的对模拟的螺栓脱落损伤位置和程度进行有效的识别,该损伤诊断试验的理论和方法为实际工程的应用提供了一手的资料。
High-rise tower structures such as transmission tower, mast and television tower etc are one kind of structure shape directly relating with the human lifeline, which are widely applied in the many fileds of national economy construction. Due to the characteristic of its highness and flexibility, the structures are senstive to the action of wind.Under the action of strong wind, it occures to suffer from the collapes of structures.For example, there are more 10 transmission towers in every year which suffer from collapes in the typhoon or strong wind, especially the collapse accidents of transmision tower from the southward snow calamity in 2008 is most serious.As for thees sturctures, one of most average damage types is the damage of bolt looseness in the jiont of flange. Taking into account that it is hard to be found and serious damage of bolt looseness would great reduce the wind-resistant capability, it is more necessary to make some research on the damage detection method to guarantee the safety of steel stower structures.
Based on equaling the bolt looseness of flange as the reduction of parameter values including the elastic modulus, size of section and etc, an optimization equivalent method of conjugate gradient method is put forward on the principal of minimizing the error term between stiffness matrix of refined model and one of equivalent simple model. By the method, an equivalent model of transmission tower reflecting the bolt looseness of flange is set up which provides the solid foundation for the establishment of damage detection system of bolt looseness on the high-rising steel structure.Based on this, the refinement finite element model of large-scale transmission line tower system with the equivalent flange bolt joint is established, and the influence of wire geometry misalignment on the the tower structure response has been studied.
The sensitivity of bolt looseness damage on the jiont of flange on the modal parameter of transmission tower structure is analyzed, and the validity of strain modal or strain response as the damage index has been authenticated, at the same time the way to get the strain modal based on the manual drive is proposed, at last, the sensitivity of the strain modal and gain way's validity is validated by the simulation analysis and model experiment.
An updating detection approach of Fuzzy-pattern recognition based on strain mode is also presented in order to locate the specific bolted looseness damage by the reduplicative detection of distance nest degree and proportion nest degree. Performance of the proposed damage detection approach is demonstrated with analysis of the Xiang-jiang transmission tower structure. The result turns up trumps with certain application value.
This paper elaborates the actual difficulty of large-scale multiple structure's damage diagnosis, and fractional-step detection method of bolted looseness damage in transmittance tower structures is presented. The first step is to identify the damage region by the neural network, then locate the detailed damage location and degree by the hybrid genetic algorithm; Performance of the proposed damage detection approach is demonstrated with analysis of a tower structure. The result turns up trumps. The genetic algorithm's optimized performance under the noise environment has been elaborated; taking into account the genetic algorithm's traditional flaws, such as "premature", "stagnation", excessive variable and so on, technologies such as multi-father body hybrid、microhabitat and drifting operator and etc based on variable level has been introducedSecondly, based on the method of probability, statistical property of noise contribution from the objective function respectively under the absolute and relative noise environment is inferred, the objective function has been effectively improved by eliminating the statistical noise value. Finally, this improved method has been effectively applied in the damage diagnosis of bolt becomes on the jiongt of flange in the transmission tower. The simulation result indicates that this method can effectively enhance the convergence performance of genetic algorithm under the noise environment and can make the correct diagnosis and appraisal to the structure damage.
This paper has carried on the fundamental research on the damage diagnosis of bolt looseness on the jiont of flange in the transmission tower under the wind load drive. By deducing the damage characteristic which is senstive to damage and independent of load, effective diagnosis of damage of bolt looseness on the jiont of flange is realized by applying the wavelet transform method with strong abatement ability and sensitive characteristic to the wave signal. Through the simulation analysis under the action of different wind load, the results indicate that this method can effective carry on the recognition of bolt loseness damage with excellent anti-noise ability.
In order to confirm the validity of damage diagnosis theory in this paper, the experimental study of bolt loose damage on the joint of flange is carried on, respectively under the initial manual drive and the earthquake drive. The results have confirmed the validity of damage diagnosis method which provides a experimental material for the actual project's application.
引文
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