Blazars伽玛射线辐射的EC模型检验
|
摘要
本文主要以Fermi-LAT巡天所探测到的blazars为样本,通过分析多普勒因子与伽玛射线流量和同步辐射流量比值间的相关性,以及计算blazars中央黑洞质量,分析中央黑洞质量与伽玛辐射光度和同步辐射光度比值之间的相关性来研究blazars的伽玛射线辐射机制。
伽玛射线辐射和不同波段(如光学、红外和射电)辐射之间的关系可能提供伽玛射线辐射机制的线索。喷流内的相对论电子通过逆康普顿散射软光子产生伽玛射线。假设软光子来源于喷流之外,多普勒因子与伽玛流量和同步辐射流量比值之间有相关性：如果软光子来源于喷流之内的同步辐射,则该相关性不存在。我们对一样本进行了研究,分析了多普勒因子与伽玛流量和同步辐射流量比值间的关系。结果显示,在光学、近红外处,关系为强相关,支持了EC模型。表明样本中blazars伽玛射线辐射产生过程中的软光子来源于外辐射场。
在AGN统一模型所描述的结构图像中,星系中心黑洞的质量在106-1010M。,从样本的计算结果来看,黑洞质量范围在107-1010M。,与模型的描述相符合。黑洞质量与伽玛射线光度、伽玛光度和近红外光度比值之间均存在相关性。我们假设blob半径正比于黑洞质量,从这个角度考虑,逆康普顿过程散射的软光子可能来源于SSC过程。
In this thesis, based on the data of Blazars observed by Fermi-LAT telescope, we present the studies of the high energetic gamma-ray radiative mechanism of blazars, including analyzing the relations between the Doppler factor and the ratio of gamma-ray flux to the synchrotron flux, calculating the mass of black hole, and analyzing the relations between the mass of black hole and the ratio of gamma-ray luminosity to the synchrotron luminosity etc.
The relations between y-ray emission and emission in different wavebands, such as optical, infrared and radio bands, may provide clues on the radiative mechanism for y-ray emission. The relativistic electron inverse Compton scatter photon to gamma-ray in blob frame. Assuming that the seed photons are produced externally to the jet, one can predict a correlation between the doppler factor and the ratio of the y-ray flux to the synchrotron radiation flux is related. If the seed photon produced by SSC, the cor-relation is not existed. We choose a Fermi-LAT Blazars sample, present the correlation between the doppler factor and the ratio of gamma flux to synchrotron flux. The results are that the correlations are strong at optical and infrared. It is in good agreement with the model predictions and implies that the soft photons may be dominated from the BLRs.
There is a supermassive black hole in the center of AGN. The black hole accretes galactic matter and generate energy. Mass of black hole are106-1010Mo in the unified models of AGN. From the results calculated from our samples, mass of black hole are107-1010Mo. It is good in agreement with the model. The relations between the mass and the gamma-ray luminosity, the ratio of gamma luminosity to the infrared flux are found. We assume that the relation between the radius of blob and the black hole mass are direct proportion. It suggests that the soft photons may be from SSC in this perspective.
伽玛射线辐射和不同波段(如光学、红外和射电)辐射之间的关系可能提供伽玛射线辐射机制的线索。喷流内的相对论电子通过逆康普顿散射软光子产生伽玛射线。假设软光子来源于喷流之外,多普勒因子与伽玛流量和同步辐射流量比值之间有相关性：如果软光子来源于喷流之内的同步辐射,则该相关性不存在。我们对一样本进行了研究,分析了多普勒因子与伽玛流量和同步辐射流量比值间的关系。结果显示,在光学、近红外处,关系为强相关,支持了EC模型。表明样本中blazars伽玛射线辐射产生过程中的软光子来源于外辐射场。
在AGN统一模型所描述的结构图像中,星系中心黑洞的质量在106-1010M。,从样本的计算结果来看,黑洞质量范围在107-1010M。,与模型的描述相符合。黑洞质量与伽玛射线光度、伽玛光度和近红外光度比值之间均存在相关性。我们假设blob半径正比于黑洞质量,从这个角度考虑,逆康普顿过程散射的软光子可能来源于SSC过程。
In this thesis, based on the data of Blazars observed by Fermi-LAT telescope, we present the studies of the high energetic gamma-ray radiative mechanism of blazars, including analyzing the relations between the Doppler factor and the ratio of gamma-ray flux to the synchrotron flux, calculating the mass of black hole, and analyzing the relations between the mass of black hole and the ratio of gamma-ray luminosity to the synchrotron luminosity etc.
The relations between y-ray emission and emission in different wavebands, such as optical, infrared and radio bands, may provide clues on the radiative mechanism for y-ray emission. The relativistic electron inverse Compton scatter photon to gamma-ray in blob frame. Assuming that the seed photons are produced externally to the jet, one can predict a correlation between the doppler factor and the ratio of the y-ray flux to the synchrotron radiation flux is related. If the seed photon produced by SSC, the cor-relation is not existed. We choose a Fermi-LAT Blazars sample, present the correlation between the doppler factor and the ratio of gamma flux to synchrotron flux. The results are that the correlations are strong at optical and infrared. It is in good agreement with the model predictions and implies that the soft photons may be dominated from the BLRs.
There is a supermassive black hole in the center of AGN. The black hole accretes galactic matter and generate energy. Mass of black hole are106-1010Mo in the unified models of AGN. From the results calculated from our samples, mass of black hole are107-1010Mo. It is good in agreement with the model. The relations between the mass and the gamma-ray luminosity, the ratio of gamma luminosity to the infrared flux are found. We assume that the relation between the radius of blob and the black hole mass are direct proportion. It suggests that the soft photons may be from SSC in this perspective.
引文
(1)G93:Ghilsellini(1993)[35];
(2)J01:Svetlana(2001)[54];
(3)HJ99: Huang(1999)[33];
(4)F00:Fey(2000) [55];
(5)SZ98:Shen(1998)[56];
(6)H08:Hermine(2008)[57];
(7)FF0:Fomalont(2000)[58];
(8)M05:Marshall(2005)[59];
(9)S04:W.K.Scott(2004)[60];
(10)L01:Lister(2001)[61];
(11)ADS:from ADS web-site;
(12)C97:Comastri(1997)[62];
(13)S98:Siebert(1998)[63];
(14)S96:Sambruna(1996)[64];
(15)B94:Bloom(1994)[65];
(16)D01:Donato(2001)[66];
(17)NED:from NED website;
(18)D95:Dondi(1995)[29];
(1)G93:Ghilsellini(1993)[35];
(2)D95:Dondi(1995)[29];
(3)X98:Xie(1998)[67];
(4)C97:Comastri(1997)[62];
(5)K81:Kwhr(1981)[68];
(6)S96:Sambruna(1996)[64];
(7)NED:from NED website;
(8)M90:Mead(1990)[69];
(9)B94:Bloom(1994)[65];
(10)F06:Fan(2006)[34];
(111)BO1:Barkhouse(2001)[70];
(12)2MS:2MASS
(13)P09:Paolo(2009)[71];
(14)FF0:Fomalont(2000)[58];
(15)Z01:Zhang(2001)[72];
(16)X99:Cao(1999)[73];
(17)S97:Scarpa(1997)[74];
(18)W84:Joseph Wampler(1984)[75];
(19)C87:Cohen(1987)[76];
(20)G07:G.C.Privon(2007)[77];
(21)JB91:Jackson(1991)[78];
(22)H78:Hunstead(1978)[79];
(23)W86:Wilkes(1986)[80];
(24)S89:Stickel(1989)[81];
(25)G01:Gu(2001)[82];
(26)Z09:Zhao(2009)[83];
(27)L96:Lawrence(1996)[84];
(28)M92:Morganti(1992)[85];
(29)W95:Will(1995)[86];
(30)MB96:Marcha(1996)[87];
(31)SM87:Stockton(1987)[88];
(32)K00:Kaspi(2000)[39];
(33)SK93:Stickel(1993)[89];
(34)JB84:Junkkarinen(1984)[90];
(35)A08:Andrew(2008)[91];
(36)V95:Vermeulen(1995)[92];
(37)B89:Baldwin(1989)[93];
u00: C.Megan Urry et al.2000[100]
(1)D95: Dondi(1995);
(2)S96: Sambruna(1996);
(3)C97: Comastri(1997);
(4)D01: Donato(2001);
(5)M90: Mead(1990);
(6)G93: Ghisellini (1993);
(7)X98: Xie(1998);
(8)2MS: 2MASS;
(9)P09: Paolo Giommi(2009)
(10)FF0: Fomalont(2000);
(1)G01:Gu(2001)[82]；
(2)F06:Fan(2006)[34]；
(3)L96:Lawrence(1996)[84]；
(4)W86:Wilkes(1986)[80]；
(5)S89:Stickel(1989)[81]；
(6)NED:from NED web-site;
(7)Z09:Zhao(2009)[83]；
(1)G93:Ghisellini(1993)[35]
(2)D95:Dondi(1995)[29];
(3)C97:Comastri(1997)[62]
(4)K81:Kuhr(1981)[68];
(5)NED:from NED website;
(6)B94:Bloom (1994)[65];
(6)F06:Fan(2006)[34];
(7)B01:Barkhouse(2001)[70];
(8)S96:Sambruna(1996)[64];
(9)X98:Xie(1998)[67];
(10)2MS:2MASS;
(11)P09:Paolo Giommi(2009)[71];
(12)FF0:Fomalont(2000)[58];
(13)X99:Cao(1999)[73];
(14)S97:Riccardo(1997)[74];
(15)JB91:Jackson(1991)[78];
(16)H78:Hunstead(1978)[79];
(17)S89:Stickel(1989)[81];
(18)Z09:Zhao(2009)[83];
(19)W95:Will(1995)[86];
(20)SM87:Stockton(1987)[88];
(21)SK93:Stickel(1993)[89];
(22)W86:Wilkes(1986)[80];
(23)L96:Lawrence(1996)[84];
[1]Boer, M., Tran, T. V. J., In Very High Energy Phenomena in the Universe[J].,1997, 7:101
[2]Angel, J. R. P., Stockman, H. S., Optical and infrared polarization of active extra-galactic objects [J]. ARA&A,1980,18:321
[3]Sillanpaa, A., Takalo, L. O., Kikuchi, S., Kidger, M., de Diego, J. A., Internight and intranight variations in the wavelength dependent polarization of OJ 287[J]. AJ,1991,101:2017
[4]Xie, G. Z., Zhou, S. B., Li K. H., Dai H., Chen L. E., Ma, L., CCD photometric studies of rapid variability in eight blazars[J]. MNRAS,2004,348:831
[5]Padovani, P., Giommi, P., The connection between x-ray and radio-selected BL Lacertae objects[J]. ApJ,1995,444:567
[6]Urry, M., Megan, C., Padovani, P., Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galac-tic Nuclei[J]. PASP,1995,107:803
[7]Bondi, M., March, M. J. M., Dallacasa, D., Stanghellini, C., Intermediate BL Lac objects[J]. MNRAS,325:1109
[8]Urry, M., BL Lac Objects and Blazars:Past, Present and Future[J]. ASPC,1999, 159:3
[9]Bottcher, M. & Dermer, C. D., An Evolutionary Scenario for Blazar Unification [J]. ApJ,2002,564:86
[10]Ghisellini, G., Maraschi, L., Tavecchio, F, The Fermi blazars'divide[J]. MNRAS, 2009,396:105
[11]Maraschi, L., et al., A jet model for the gamma-ray emitting blazar 3C279[J]. ApJ, 1992,379:L5
[12]Bloom, S. D. & Marscher, A. P., An Analysis of the Synchrotron Self-Compton Model for the Multiwave band spectra of Blazars[J]. ApJ,1996,461:657
[13]Sikora, M., et al., Comptonization of diffuse ambient radiation by a relativistic jet: The source of gamma rays from blazars[J]? ApJ,1994,421:153
[14]Dermer, C. D., et al., Nonthermal Compton and Synchrotron Processes in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJS,1997,109:103
[15]Yan, D. H., Fan, Z. H., Dai, B. Z., Multi-frequency emission analysis and con-straining redshift of 3C 66A[J].2010, arXiv1011.1537Y
[16]Morozova, D. A., Troitskiy, I. S., BL Lac Objects and Blazars:Past, Present and Future[J]. yscc. conf..181M
[17]Acciari, V. A., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bottcher, M., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Spectral Energy Distri-bution of Markarian 501:Quiescent State Versus Extreme Outburst[J]. ApJ,2011, 729:2A
[18]Bottcher, M., Bloom, S. D., Analyzing the Multiwavelength Spectrum of BL Lac-ertae during the 1997 July Outburst[J]. AJ,2000,119:469
[19]Rachen, J., Hadronic blazar models and correlated X-ray/TeV flares[J]. AIPC, 2000,515:41
[20]Dermer, C. D., Schlickeiser, R., Mastichiadis, A. High-energy gamma radiation from extragalactic radio sources[J]. A&A,1992,256:27
[21]Dermer, C. D., Schlickeiser, R., Model for the High-Energy Emission from Blazars[J]. ApJ,1993,416:458
[22]Blandford, R. D., Levinson, A., Pair cascades in extragalactic jets.1: Gamma rays[J]. ApJ,1995,441:79B
[23]Ghisellini, G., Madau, P., On the origin of the gamma-ray emission in blazars[J]. MNRAS,1996,280:69G
[24]Koratkar, A., Pian, E., Urry, C, Megan, P., Joseph E., Monitoring Ly alpha Emis-sion from the Blazar 3C 279[J]. ApJ,1998,492:173
[25]Takahashi, T., Kataoka, J., Madejski, G., Mattox, J., Urry, C. M., Wagner, S., Aharonian, F., Catanese, M., Chiappetti, L., Coppi, P., Complex Spectral Variabil- ity from Intensive Multiwavelength Monitoring of Markarian 421 in 1998[J]. ApJ, 1998,542:105
[26]Sikora, M., Begelman, M. C., Rees, M. J., Comptonization of diffuse ambient radiation by a relativistic jet:The source of gamma rays from blazars[J]? ApJ, 1994,421:153S
[27]Fan, X. L., et al., The Connection between Radio and y-Ray Emission in Fermi-LAT Blazars[J]. arXiv:1205.2456v1
[28]Marcello, G., et al., Radio-faint BL lac objects and their impact on the radio/gamma-ray connection [J]. AdSpR,2012,49:1320G
[29]Dondi, L., Ghlselhni G., Gamma-Ray-loud blazars and beaming[J]. MNRAS, 1995,273:583
[30]Muecke, A., et al., On the correlation between radio and gamma ray luminosities of active galactic nuclei[J]. A&A,1997,330:33
[31]Fan, J. H., Relation between BL Lacertae Objects and Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars[J]. ApJ,2003,585:23
[32]Dermer, C. D., et al., Nonthermal Compton and Synchrotron Processes in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei [J]. ApJS,1997,109:103
[33]Huang, L. H., et al., A correlation analysis of flux ratios and the Doppler factor for EGRET AGN sources[J]. A&A,1999,341:74
[34]Fan, Z. H., et al., A Test of External Compton Models for Gamma-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJ,2006,646:8
[35]Ghisellini, G., Padovani, P., Celotti, A., Maraschi, L., Relativistic Bulk Motion In Active Galactic Nuclei [J]. ApJ,1993,407:65
[36]Readhead, A. C. S., Equipartition brightness temperature and the inverse Compton catastrophe[J]. ApJ,1994,426:51
[37]Jiang, D. R., Cao X. W., Hong X. Y., The Inhomogeneous Jet Parameters in Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJ,494:139
[38]Lahteenmaki, A.,Valtaoja, E., Total Flux Density Variations in Extragalactic Ra-dio Sources. III. Doppler Boosting Factors, Lorentz Factors, and Viewing Angles for Active Galactic Nuclei [J]. ApJ,1999,521:493
[39]Kaspi, S., et al., Reverberation Measurements for 17 Quasars and the Size-Mass-Luminosity Relations in Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJ,2000,533:631
[40]Mclure, R. J., et al., Measuring the black hole masses of high-redshift quasars[J]. MNRAS,2002,337:109
[41]Vestergaaard, M., Determining Central Black Hole Masses in Distant Active Galaxies[J]. ApJ,2002,571:733
[42]Kollmeier, L., et al., Black Hole Masses and Eddington Ratios at 0.3< z< 4[J]. ApJ,2006,648:128
[43]Salviander, S., et al., The Black Hole Mass-Galaxy Bulge Relationship for QSOs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 3[J]. ApJ,2007,662:131
[44]Greene, L., et al., Estimating Black Hole Masses in Active Galaxies Using the Ha Emission Line[J]. ApJ,2005,630:122
[45]Shields, R., et al., The Black Hole-Bulge Relationship in Quasars[J]. ApJ,2003, 583:124
[46]Piner, B. G., Blazars(VLBA & GLAST)[J]. ASPC,2005,340:55
[47]Vercellone, S., Argan, A., Auricchio, N., Barbiellini, G., Caraveo, P., Celesti, E., Chen, A., Cocco, V, Costa, E., Di Cocco, G., Blazars:the View from AGILE (Invited Talk)[J]. ASPC,2003,299:19
[48]Paul, J. F., et al., A High Signal-Noise Ratio Composite Quasar Spectrum[J]. ApJ, 1991,373:465
[49]Celotti, A., Padovani, P., Ghisellini, G., Jets and accretion processes in active galactic nuclei:further clues[J]. MNRAS,1997,286:415
[50]Kong, M. Z., Wu, X. B., Wang, R. and Han J. L., Estimating Black Hole Masses of AGNs using Ultraviolet Emission Line Properties [J]. A&A,2006,396:410
[51]Wu, X. B., Wang, R., Kong, M. Z., Liu, F.K., Han, J. L., Black hole mass estima-tion with a relation between the BLR size and emission line luminosity of AGN[J]. A&A, astro-ph/0403243v1
[52]Abdo, A. A., et al., Briht AGN Source List from the First Three Months of the Fermi Large Area Telescope ALL-Sky Survey [J]. ApJ,2009,700:597
[53]Abdo, A. A., et al., The First Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected By The Fermi Large Area Telescope[J]. ApJ,2010,715:429
[54]Svetlana, G. J., et al., Multi-Epoch VLBA Observations of EGRET-Detected Quasars and BL Lac Objects:Superluminal Motion of Gamma-Ray Bright Blazars[J]. ApJS, astro-ph/0101570v1
[55]Fey, A. L., Charlot, P., VLBA Observations of Radio Reference Frame Sources. III. Astrometric Suitability of an Additional 225 Sources[J]. ApJS,2000,128:17
[56]Shen, Z. Q., et al., A 5GHz Southern Hemisphere VLBI Survey of Compact Radio Sources[J]. AJ,1998,115:1357
[57]Hermine, L., Hayley E. B., On the relationship between BL Lacertae objects and radio galaxies[J]. MNRAS, astro-ph/0809.3100v1
[58]Fomalont, E. B., et al., The VSOP 5GHz Continuum Survey:The Prelaunch VLBA Observations [J]. ApJS,2000,131:95
[59]Marshall, H. L., et al., A Chandra Survey of Quasar jets:first results[J]. astro-ph/0409566v1
[60]Scott, W. K., et al., The VSOP 5GHz AGN Survey:III. Imaging Results for the first 102 sources [J]. astro-ph/0407041v1
[61]Matthew, L. L., Parsec-scale Jet Polarization Properties Of A Complete Sample Of Active Galactic Nuclei At 43GHz[J]. APJ, astro-ph/0107594v1
[62]Andrea, C., et al., On the Soft X-ray spectra of y-loud blazars[J]. astro-ph/9612041v1.
[63]Siebert, J., et al., X-Ray properties of the Parkes sample of flat-spectrum radio sources:dust in radio-loud quasars[J]? MNRAS, astro-ph/9808065v1
[64]Rita, M. S., et al., On The Spectral Energy Distributions of Blazars[J]. ApJ,1996, 463:444
[65]Steven, D. B., et al., Radio, Millimeter-Submillimeter,and Infrared Spectra of flat-Spectrum Extragalactic Radio Sources[J]. ApJ,1994,108:2
[66]Donato, D., et al., Hard X-ray properties of blazars[J]. astro-ph/0105203v1
[67]Xie, G. Z., et al., Gamma-Ray and Near-infrared emission from Gamma-Ray-Loud Blazars[J]. ApJ,1998,508:180
[68]Kuhr, H., et al., A catalogue of extragalactic radio sources having flux densities greater than 1 Jy at 5 GHz[J]. A&A,1981,45:367
[69]Mead, A. R. G., et al., Optical and infrared polarimetry and photometry of blazars[J]. A&A,1990,83:183
[70]Wayne, A. B., et al., Quasars in the 2MASS Second Incremental Data Release[J]. astro-ph/0101270v2.
[71]Paolo, G., et al., The number counts,luminosity functions and evolution of microwave-selected(WMAP)blazars and radio galaxies[J]. arXiv:0908.0652v1
[72]Zhang, L., Cheng, K. S., Fan, J.H., The Radio and Gamma-Ray Luminosities of Blazars[J]. PASJ,2001,53:207
[73]Cao, X. W., Jiang, D. R., The realtion between extended radio and line emission for radio-loud quasars[J]. MNRAS,2001,320:347
[74]Riccardo, S., et al., Are high polarization quasars and BL Lacertae objects really different? A study of the optical spectral properties[J]. A&A,1997,325:109
[75]Joseph, W. E., et al., Spectrophotometry of Two Complete Samples of flat radio Spectrum Quasars[J]. ApJ,1984,276:403
[76]Ross, D. C., Harding E. S., Vesa T. J., Margaret B. E., The Nature of the BL Lacertae object AO 0235+164[J]. ApJ,1987,318:577
[77]Privon, G. C., O'Dea, C. P., Baum, S. A., Axon, D. J., Kharb, P., Buchanan, C. L., Sparks, W., Chiaberge, M., WFPC2 LRF Imaging of Emission Line Nebulae in 3CR Radio Galaxies[J]. astro-ph/0710.3105v1
[78]Jackson, N., Browne, I. W. A., Optical properties of quasars. I-Observations. II-Emission-line geometry and radio properties[J]. MNRAS,1991,250:414
[79]Hunstead, R. W., et al., Optical spectra of southern Molonglo radio[J]. MNRAS, 1978,185:149
[80]Belinda, J. W., et al., Studies of broad emission line profiles in QSOs-II. Properties of a large, predominantly radio selected sample[J]. MNRAS,1986,218:331
[81]Stickel, M., et al., Optical spectroscopy of 1Jy BL Lacertae objects and flat spec-trum radio sources[J]. A&A,1989,80:103
[82]Gu, M. F., Cao, X. W., Jiang, D. R., On the masses of black-holes in radio-lound quasars[J]. MNRAS, astro-ph/0104383v2
[83]Chen, Z. Y, et al, SDSS spectroscopy for blazars in the Fermi-LAT bright AGN sample[J]. arXiv:0906.3373v1
[84]Lawrence, C. R., et al., Optical Spectra of a Complete Sample of Radio Sources. I. The Spectra[J]. ApJS,1996,107:541
[85]Morganti, R., Ulrich, M. H., Tadhunter, C. N., Optical line-emitting gas and radio emission-Evidence for correlation in low-luminosity radio galaxies [J]. MNRAS, 1992,254:546
[86]Beverley, J. W., et al., The Hubble Space Telescope Sample of Radio-loud Quasars:Ultraviolet spectra of the first 31 Quasars[J]. ApJ,1995,447:139
[87]Marcha, M. J. M., et al., Optical spectroscopy and polarization of a new sample of optically bright flat radio spectrum sources[J]. MNRAS,1996,281:425
[88]Alan, S., et al., Extended Emission-Line Regions Around QSOs[J]. ApJ,1987, 316:584
[89]Stickel, M., et al., Spectroscopy of 1Jy and S5 Radio source identifications [J]. A&A,1993,97:483
[90]Vesa, J., Spectrophotometry of the QSO NRAO 530[J]. PASP,1984,96:539
[91]Andrew, J. F, et al.,A Survey of O VI,CIII,and HI in Highly Ionized High-Velocity Clouds[J]. astro-ph/0604091v1
[92]Vermeulen, R. C., et al., When is BL lac not a BL lac[J]? ApJ,1995,452:L5
[93]Baldwin, J. A., Wampler, E., Joseph, G., Martin, C., Emission-line properties of optically and radio-selected complete quasar samples[J]. ApJ,1989,338:630
[94]Hartman, R. C., et al., Day-Scale Variability of 3C 279 and Searches for Correla-tions in Gamma-Ray, X-Ray, and Optical Bands[J]. ApJ,2001,558:583
[95]Mukherjee, R., Bottcher, M., Hartman, R. C., Sreekumar, P., Thompson, D. J., Mahoney, W. A., Pursimo, T., Takalo, L. O., Broadband Spectral Analysis of PKS 0528+134:A Report on Six Years of EGRET Observations [J]. ApJ,1999,527:132
[96]Celotti, A., Fabian, A. C., The Kinetic Power and Luminosity of Parsecscale Radio Jets-an Argument for Heavy Jets[J]. MNRAS,1993,264:228
[97]Gao, X. Y., Wang, J. C., Zhou, M., On the external photon fields in Fermi Bright blazars[J]. arxiv:1104.1835vl
[98]Kathryn, L. M., et al., Comparing and Calibrating Black Hole Mass estimators for distant Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. astro-ph:0710.1839v2
[99]Mclure, R. J., et al., The relationship between radio luminosity and black hole mass in optically selected quasars[J]. MNRAS,2004,353:45
[100]Megan, C., et al., The HST Survey of BL Lacertae Objects. II. Host Galaxies[J]. astro-ph/9911109v1
[101]Fan, Z. H., Cao, X. W., Black Hole Masses and Doppler Factors of Gamma-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJ,2004,602:103F
[102]Liu, Y., Jiang, D. R., Gu, M. F., The Jet Power, Radio Loundness, And Black Hole Mass In Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJ,2006,637:669
[103]Treu, L., et al., Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. II. Scaling Relations at z = 0.36[J]. ApJ,2007,667:117
[104]Hartman, R. C., Webb, J. R., Marscher, A. P., Travis, J. P., Dermer, C. D., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Balonek, T. J., Bennett, K., Bloom, S. D., Simultaneous Mul-tiwavelength Spectrum and Variability of 3C 279 from 10 9 to 10 24 Hz[J]. ApJ, 1996,461:698
[105]Von, M. C., Aller, H., Aller, M., Bruhweiler, F., Collmar, W., Courvoisier, T. J.-L., Edwards, P. G., Fichtel, C. E., Fruscione, A., Ghisellini, G., Multiwavelength Observations of 3C 273 in 1993-1995[J]. ApJ,1997,483:161
[106]Ghisellini, G., Madau, P., On the origin of the gamma-ray emission in blazars[J]. MNRAS,1996,280:67
[107]Fan, Z. H., Cao, X. W., Black Hole Masses And Doppler Factors Of Gamma-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJ,2004,602:103
[108]Dai, B. Z., Yan, D. H., Multi-Band Spectral Properties of Fermi Blazars[J]. ApA, 2011,32:113D
(2)J01:Svetlana(2001)[54];
(3)HJ99: Huang(1999)[33];
(4)F00:Fey(2000) [55];
(5)SZ98:Shen(1998)[56];
(6)H08:Hermine(2008)[57];
(7)FF0:Fomalont(2000)[58];
(8)M05:Marshall(2005)[59];
(9)S04:W.K.Scott(2004)[60];
(10)L01:Lister(2001)[61];
(11)ADS:from ADS web-site;
(12)C97:Comastri(1997)[62];
(13)S98:Siebert(1998)[63];
(14)S96:Sambruna(1996)[64];
(15)B94:Bloom(1994)[65];
(16)D01:Donato(2001)[66];
(17)NED:from NED website;
(18)D95:Dondi(1995)[29];
(1)G93:Ghilsellini(1993)[35];
(2)D95:Dondi(1995)[29];
(3)X98:Xie(1998)[67];
(4)C97:Comastri(1997)[62];
(5)K81:Kwhr(1981)[68];
(6)S96:Sambruna(1996)[64];
(7)NED:from NED website;
(8)M90:Mead(1990)[69];
(9)B94:Bloom(1994)[65];
(10)F06:Fan(2006)[34];
(111)BO1:Barkhouse(2001)[70];
(12)2MS:2MASS
(13)P09:Paolo(2009)[71];
(14)FF0:Fomalont(2000)[58];
(15)Z01:Zhang(2001)[72];
(16)X99:Cao(1999)[73];
(17)S97:Scarpa(1997)[74];
(18)W84:Joseph Wampler(1984)[75];
(19)C87:Cohen(1987)[76];
(20)G07:G.C.Privon(2007)[77];
(21)JB91:Jackson(1991)[78];
(22)H78:Hunstead(1978)[79];
(23)W86:Wilkes(1986)[80];
(24)S89:Stickel(1989)[81];
(25)G01:Gu(2001)[82];
(26)Z09:Zhao(2009)[83];
(27)L96:Lawrence(1996)[84];
(28)M92:Morganti(1992)[85];
(29)W95:Will(1995)[86];
(30)MB96:Marcha(1996)[87];
(31)SM87:Stockton(1987)[88];
(32)K00:Kaspi(2000)[39];
(33)SK93:Stickel(1993)[89];
(34)JB84:Junkkarinen(1984)[90];
(35)A08:Andrew(2008)[91];
(36)V95:Vermeulen(1995)[92];
(37)B89:Baldwin(1989)[93];
u00: C.Megan Urry et al.2000[100]
(1)D95: Dondi(1995);
(2)S96: Sambruna(1996);
(3)C97: Comastri(1997);
(4)D01: Donato(2001);
(5)M90: Mead(1990);
(6)G93: Ghisellini (1993);
(7)X98: Xie(1998);
(8)2MS: 2MASS;
(9)P09: Paolo Giommi(2009)
(10)FF0: Fomalont(2000);
(1)G01:Gu(2001)[82]；
(2)F06:Fan(2006)[34]；
(3)L96:Lawrence(1996)[84]；
(4)W86:Wilkes(1986)[80]；
(5)S89:Stickel(1989)[81]；
(6)NED:from NED web-site;
(7)Z09:Zhao(2009)[83]；
(1)G93:Ghisellini(1993)[35]
(2)D95:Dondi(1995)[29];
(3)C97:Comastri(1997)[62]
(4)K81:Kuhr(1981)[68];
(5)NED:from NED website;
(6)B94:Bloom (1994)[65];
(6)F06:Fan(2006)[34];
(7)B01:Barkhouse(2001)[70];
(8)S96:Sambruna(1996)[64];
(9)X98:Xie(1998)[67];
(10)2MS:2MASS;
(11)P09:Paolo Giommi(2009)[71];
(12)FF0:Fomalont(2000)[58];
(13)X99:Cao(1999)[73];
(14)S97:Riccardo(1997)[74];
(15)JB91:Jackson(1991)[78];
(16)H78:Hunstead(1978)[79];
(17)S89:Stickel(1989)[81];
(18)Z09:Zhao(2009)[83];
(19)W95:Will(1995)[86];
(20)SM87:Stockton(1987)[88];
(21)SK93:Stickel(1993)[89];
(22)W86:Wilkes(1986)[80];
(23)L96:Lawrence(1996)[84];
[1]Boer, M., Tran, T. V. J., In Very High Energy Phenomena in the Universe[J].,1997, 7:101
[2]Angel, J. R. P., Stockman, H. S., Optical and infrared polarization of active extra-galactic objects [J]. ARA&A,1980,18:321
[3]Sillanpaa, A., Takalo, L. O., Kikuchi, S., Kidger, M., de Diego, J. A., Internight and intranight variations in the wavelength dependent polarization of OJ 287[J]. AJ,1991,101:2017
[4]Xie, G. Z., Zhou, S. B., Li K. H., Dai H., Chen L. E., Ma, L., CCD photometric studies of rapid variability in eight blazars[J]. MNRAS,2004,348:831
[5]Padovani, P., Giommi, P., The connection between x-ray and radio-selected BL Lacertae objects[J]. ApJ,1995,444:567
[6]Urry, M., Megan, C., Padovani, P., Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galac-tic Nuclei[J]. PASP,1995,107:803
[7]Bondi, M., March, M. J. M., Dallacasa, D., Stanghellini, C., Intermediate BL Lac objects[J]. MNRAS,325:1109
[8]Urry, M., BL Lac Objects and Blazars:Past, Present and Future[J]. ASPC,1999, 159:3
[9]Bottcher, M. & Dermer, C. D., An Evolutionary Scenario for Blazar Unification [J]. ApJ,2002,564:86
[10]Ghisellini, G., Maraschi, L., Tavecchio, F, The Fermi blazars'divide[J]. MNRAS, 2009,396:105
[11]Maraschi, L., et al., A jet model for the gamma-ray emitting blazar 3C279[J]. ApJ, 1992,379:L5
[12]Bloom, S. D. & Marscher, A. P., An Analysis of the Synchrotron Self-Compton Model for the Multiwave band spectra of Blazars[J]. ApJ,1996,461:657
[13]Sikora, M., et al., Comptonization of diffuse ambient radiation by a relativistic jet: The source of gamma rays from blazars[J]? ApJ,1994,421:153
[14]Dermer, C. D., et al., Nonthermal Compton and Synchrotron Processes in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJS,1997,109:103
[15]Yan, D. H., Fan, Z. H., Dai, B. Z., Multi-frequency emission analysis and con-straining redshift of 3C 66A[J].2010, arXiv1011.1537Y
[16]Morozova, D. A., Troitskiy, I. S., BL Lac Objects and Blazars:Past, Present and Future[J]. yscc. conf..181M
[17]Acciari, V. A., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Bottcher, M., Boltuch, D., Bradbury, S. M., Buckley, J. H., Bugaev, V., Spectral Energy Distri-bution of Markarian 501:Quiescent State Versus Extreme Outburst[J]. ApJ,2011, 729:2A
[18]Bottcher, M., Bloom, S. D., Analyzing the Multiwavelength Spectrum of BL Lac-ertae during the 1997 July Outburst[J]. AJ,2000,119:469
[19]Rachen, J., Hadronic blazar models and correlated X-ray/TeV flares[J]. AIPC, 2000,515:41
[20]Dermer, C. D., Schlickeiser, R., Mastichiadis, A. High-energy gamma radiation from extragalactic radio sources[J]. A&A,1992,256:27
[21]Dermer, C. D., Schlickeiser, R., Model for the High-Energy Emission from Blazars[J]. ApJ,1993,416:458
[22]Blandford, R. D., Levinson, A., Pair cascades in extragalactic jets.1: Gamma rays[J]. ApJ,1995,441:79B
[23]Ghisellini, G., Madau, P., On the origin of the gamma-ray emission in blazars[J]. MNRAS,1996,280:69G
[24]Koratkar, A., Pian, E., Urry, C, Megan, P., Joseph E., Monitoring Ly alpha Emis-sion from the Blazar 3C 279[J]. ApJ,1998,492:173
[25]Takahashi, T., Kataoka, J., Madejski, G., Mattox, J., Urry, C. M., Wagner, S., Aharonian, F., Catanese, M., Chiappetti, L., Coppi, P., Complex Spectral Variabil- ity from Intensive Multiwavelength Monitoring of Markarian 421 in 1998[J]. ApJ, 1998,542:105
[26]Sikora, M., Begelman, M. C., Rees, M. J., Comptonization of diffuse ambient radiation by a relativistic jet:The source of gamma rays from blazars[J]? ApJ, 1994,421:153S
[27]Fan, X. L., et al., The Connection between Radio and y-Ray Emission in Fermi-LAT Blazars[J]. arXiv:1205.2456v1
[28]Marcello, G., et al., Radio-faint BL lac objects and their impact on the radio/gamma-ray connection [J]. AdSpR,2012,49:1320G
[29]Dondi, L., Ghlselhni G., Gamma-Ray-loud blazars and beaming[J]. MNRAS, 1995,273:583
[30]Muecke, A., et al., On the correlation between radio and gamma ray luminosities of active galactic nuclei[J]. A&A,1997,330:33
[31]Fan, J. H., Relation between BL Lacertae Objects and Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars[J]. ApJ,2003,585:23
[32]Dermer, C. D., et al., Nonthermal Compton and Synchrotron Processes in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei [J]. ApJS,1997,109:103
[33]Huang, L. H., et al., A correlation analysis of flux ratios and the Doppler factor for EGRET AGN sources[J]. A&A,1999,341:74
[34]Fan, Z. H., et al., A Test of External Compton Models for Gamma-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJ,2006,646:8
[35]Ghisellini, G., Padovani, P., Celotti, A., Maraschi, L., Relativistic Bulk Motion In Active Galactic Nuclei [J]. ApJ,1993,407:65
[36]Readhead, A. C. S., Equipartition brightness temperature and the inverse Compton catastrophe[J]. ApJ,1994,426:51
[37]Jiang, D. R., Cao X. W., Hong X. Y., The Inhomogeneous Jet Parameters in Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJ,494:139
[38]Lahteenmaki, A.,Valtaoja, E., Total Flux Density Variations in Extragalactic Ra-dio Sources. III. Doppler Boosting Factors, Lorentz Factors, and Viewing Angles for Active Galactic Nuclei [J]. ApJ,1999,521:493
[39]Kaspi, S., et al., Reverberation Measurements for 17 Quasars and the Size-Mass-Luminosity Relations in Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJ,2000,533:631
[40]Mclure, R. J., et al., Measuring the black hole masses of high-redshift quasars[J]. MNRAS,2002,337:109
[41]Vestergaaard, M., Determining Central Black Hole Masses in Distant Active Galaxies[J]. ApJ,2002,571:733
[42]Kollmeier, L., et al., Black Hole Masses and Eddington Ratios at 0.3< z< 4[J]. ApJ,2006,648:128
[43]Salviander, S., et al., The Black Hole Mass-Galaxy Bulge Relationship for QSOs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 3[J]. ApJ,2007,662:131
[44]Greene, L., et al., Estimating Black Hole Masses in Active Galaxies Using the Ha Emission Line[J]. ApJ,2005,630:122
[45]Shields, R., et al., The Black Hole-Bulge Relationship in Quasars[J]. ApJ,2003, 583:124
[46]Piner, B. G., Blazars(VLBA & GLAST)[J]. ASPC,2005,340:55
[47]Vercellone, S., Argan, A., Auricchio, N., Barbiellini, G., Caraveo, P., Celesti, E., Chen, A., Cocco, V, Costa, E., Di Cocco, G., Blazars:the View from AGILE (Invited Talk)[J]. ASPC,2003,299:19
[48]Paul, J. F., et al., A High Signal-Noise Ratio Composite Quasar Spectrum[J]. ApJ, 1991,373:465
[49]Celotti, A., Padovani, P., Ghisellini, G., Jets and accretion processes in active galactic nuclei:further clues[J]. MNRAS,1997,286:415
[50]Kong, M. Z., Wu, X. B., Wang, R. and Han J. L., Estimating Black Hole Masses of AGNs using Ultraviolet Emission Line Properties [J]. A&A,2006,396:410
[51]Wu, X. B., Wang, R., Kong, M. Z., Liu, F.K., Han, J. L., Black hole mass estima-tion with a relation between the BLR size and emission line luminosity of AGN[J]. A&A, astro-ph/0403243v1
[52]Abdo, A. A., et al., Briht AGN Source List from the First Three Months of the Fermi Large Area Telescope ALL-Sky Survey [J]. ApJ,2009,700:597
[53]Abdo, A. A., et al., The First Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected By The Fermi Large Area Telescope[J]. ApJ,2010,715:429
[54]Svetlana, G. J., et al., Multi-Epoch VLBA Observations of EGRET-Detected Quasars and BL Lac Objects:Superluminal Motion of Gamma-Ray Bright Blazars[J]. ApJS, astro-ph/0101570v1
[55]Fey, A. L., Charlot, P., VLBA Observations of Radio Reference Frame Sources. III. Astrometric Suitability of an Additional 225 Sources[J]. ApJS,2000,128:17
[56]Shen, Z. Q., et al., A 5GHz Southern Hemisphere VLBI Survey of Compact Radio Sources[J]. AJ,1998,115:1357
[57]Hermine, L., Hayley E. B., On the relationship between BL Lacertae objects and radio galaxies[J]. MNRAS, astro-ph/0809.3100v1
[58]Fomalont, E. B., et al., The VSOP 5GHz Continuum Survey:The Prelaunch VLBA Observations [J]. ApJS,2000,131:95
[59]Marshall, H. L., et al., A Chandra Survey of Quasar jets:first results[J]. astro-ph/0409566v1
[60]Scott, W. K., et al., The VSOP 5GHz AGN Survey:III. Imaging Results for the first 102 sources [J]. astro-ph/0407041v1
[61]Matthew, L. L., Parsec-scale Jet Polarization Properties Of A Complete Sample Of Active Galactic Nuclei At 43GHz[J]. APJ, astro-ph/0107594v1
[62]Andrea, C., et al., On the Soft X-ray spectra of y-loud blazars[J]. astro-ph/9612041v1.
[63]Siebert, J., et al., X-Ray properties of the Parkes sample of flat-spectrum radio sources:dust in radio-loud quasars[J]? MNRAS, astro-ph/9808065v1
[64]Rita, M. S., et al., On The Spectral Energy Distributions of Blazars[J]. ApJ,1996, 463:444
[65]Steven, D. B., et al., Radio, Millimeter-Submillimeter,and Infrared Spectra of flat-Spectrum Extragalactic Radio Sources[J]. ApJ,1994,108:2
[66]Donato, D., et al., Hard X-ray properties of blazars[J]. astro-ph/0105203v1
[67]Xie, G. Z., et al., Gamma-Ray and Near-infrared emission from Gamma-Ray-Loud Blazars[J]. ApJ,1998,508:180
[68]Kuhr, H., et al., A catalogue of extragalactic radio sources having flux densities greater than 1 Jy at 5 GHz[J]. A&A,1981,45:367
[69]Mead, A. R. G., et al., Optical and infrared polarimetry and photometry of blazars[J]. A&A,1990,83:183
[70]Wayne, A. B., et al., Quasars in the 2MASS Second Incremental Data Release[J]. astro-ph/0101270v2.
[71]Paolo, G., et al., The number counts,luminosity functions and evolution of microwave-selected(WMAP)blazars and radio galaxies[J]. arXiv:0908.0652v1
[72]Zhang, L., Cheng, K. S., Fan, J.H., The Radio and Gamma-Ray Luminosities of Blazars[J]. PASJ,2001,53:207
[73]Cao, X. W., Jiang, D. R., The realtion between extended radio and line emission for radio-loud quasars[J]. MNRAS,2001,320:347
[74]Riccardo, S., et al., Are high polarization quasars and BL Lacertae objects really different? A study of the optical spectral properties[J]. A&A,1997,325:109
[75]Joseph, W. E., et al., Spectrophotometry of Two Complete Samples of flat radio Spectrum Quasars[J]. ApJ,1984,276:403
[76]Ross, D. C., Harding E. S., Vesa T. J., Margaret B. E., The Nature of the BL Lacertae object AO 0235+164[J]. ApJ,1987,318:577
[77]Privon, G. C., O'Dea, C. P., Baum, S. A., Axon, D. J., Kharb, P., Buchanan, C. L., Sparks, W., Chiaberge, M., WFPC2 LRF Imaging of Emission Line Nebulae in 3CR Radio Galaxies[J]. astro-ph/0710.3105v1
[78]Jackson, N., Browne, I. W. A., Optical properties of quasars. I-Observations. II-Emission-line geometry and radio properties[J]. MNRAS,1991,250:414
[79]Hunstead, R. W., et al., Optical spectra of southern Molonglo radio[J]. MNRAS, 1978,185:149
[80]Belinda, J. W., et al., Studies of broad emission line profiles in QSOs-II. Properties of a large, predominantly radio selected sample[J]. MNRAS,1986,218:331
[81]Stickel, M., et al., Optical spectroscopy of 1Jy BL Lacertae objects and flat spec-trum radio sources[J]. A&A,1989,80:103
[82]Gu, M. F., Cao, X. W., Jiang, D. R., On the masses of black-holes in radio-lound quasars[J]. MNRAS, astro-ph/0104383v2
[83]Chen, Z. Y, et al, SDSS spectroscopy for blazars in the Fermi-LAT bright AGN sample[J]. arXiv:0906.3373v1
[84]Lawrence, C. R., et al., Optical Spectra of a Complete Sample of Radio Sources. I. The Spectra[J]. ApJS,1996,107:541
[85]Morganti, R., Ulrich, M. H., Tadhunter, C. N., Optical line-emitting gas and radio emission-Evidence for correlation in low-luminosity radio galaxies [J]. MNRAS, 1992,254:546
[86]Beverley, J. W., et al., The Hubble Space Telescope Sample of Radio-loud Quasars:Ultraviolet spectra of the first 31 Quasars[J]. ApJ,1995,447:139
[87]Marcha, M. J. M., et al., Optical spectroscopy and polarization of a new sample of optically bright flat radio spectrum sources[J]. MNRAS,1996,281:425
[88]Alan, S., et al., Extended Emission-Line Regions Around QSOs[J]. ApJ,1987, 316:584
[89]Stickel, M., et al., Spectroscopy of 1Jy and S5 Radio source identifications [J]. A&A,1993,97:483
[90]Vesa, J., Spectrophotometry of the QSO NRAO 530[J]. PASP,1984,96:539
[91]Andrew, J. F, et al.,A Survey of O VI,CIII,and HI in Highly Ionized High-Velocity Clouds[J]. astro-ph/0604091v1
[92]Vermeulen, R. C., et al., When is BL lac not a BL lac[J]? ApJ,1995,452:L5
[93]Baldwin, J. A., Wampler, E., Joseph, G., Martin, C., Emission-line properties of optically and radio-selected complete quasar samples[J]. ApJ,1989,338:630
[94]Hartman, R. C., et al., Day-Scale Variability of 3C 279 and Searches for Correla-tions in Gamma-Ray, X-Ray, and Optical Bands[J]. ApJ,2001,558:583
[95]Mukherjee, R., Bottcher, M., Hartman, R. C., Sreekumar, P., Thompson, D. J., Mahoney, W. A., Pursimo, T., Takalo, L. O., Broadband Spectral Analysis of PKS 0528+134:A Report on Six Years of EGRET Observations [J]. ApJ,1999,527:132
[96]Celotti, A., Fabian, A. C., The Kinetic Power and Luminosity of Parsecscale Radio Jets-an Argument for Heavy Jets[J]. MNRAS,1993,264:228
[97]Gao, X. Y., Wang, J. C., Zhou, M., On the external photon fields in Fermi Bright blazars[J]. arxiv:1104.1835vl
[98]Kathryn, L. M., et al., Comparing and Calibrating Black Hole Mass estimators for distant Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. astro-ph:0710.1839v2
[99]Mclure, R. J., et al., The relationship between radio luminosity and black hole mass in optically selected quasars[J]. MNRAS,2004,353:45
[100]Megan, C., et al., The HST Survey of BL Lacertae Objects. II. Host Galaxies[J]. astro-ph/9911109v1
[101]Fan, Z. H., Cao, X. W., Black Hole Masses and Doppler Factors of Gamma-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJ,2004,602:103F
[102]Liu, Y., Jiang, D. R., Gu, M. F., The Jet Power, Radio Loundness, And Black Hole Mass In Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJ,2006,637:669
[103]Treu, L., et al., Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. II. Scaling Relations at z = 0.36[J]. ApJ,2007,667:117
[104]Hartman, R. C., Webb, J. R., Marscher, A. P., Travis, J. P., Dermer, C. D., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Balonek, T. J., Bennett, K., Bloom, S. D., Simultaneous Mul-tiwavelength Spectrum and Variability of 3C 279 from 10 9 to 10 24 Hz[J]. ApJ, 1996,461:698
[105]Von, M. C., Aller, H., Aller, M., Bruhweiler, F., Collmar, W., Courvoisier, T. J.-L., Edwards, P. G., Fichtel, C. E., Fruscione, A., Ghisellini, G., Multiwavelength Observations of 3C 273 in 1993-1995[J]. ApJ,1997,483:161
[106]Ghisellini, G., Madau, P., On the origin of the gamma-ray emission in blazars[J]. MNRAS,1996,280:67
[107]Fan, Z. H., Cao, X. W., Black Hole Masses And Doppler Factors Of Gamma-Ray Active Galactic Nuclei[J]. ApJ,2004,602:103
[108]Dai, B. Z., Yan, D. H., Multi-Band Spectral Properties of Fermi Blazars[J]. ApA, 2011,32:113D