基于GSM信号的无源雷达动目标检测技术
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摘要
外辐射源雷达系统通过接收空中目标对外辐射源的回波,可以对空中目标进行检测、定位及跟踪。相对于有源单基地雷达,基于外辐射源的无源雷达以其抗干扰、抗反辐射导弹、抗低空突防和反隐身等特性,正逐渐成为雷达系统的一个重要发展方向。
论文对基于GSM信号的无源雷达动目标检测技术进行了研究。首先综述了课题研究的背景及意义。然后介绍了GSM信号和基于该信号的无源雷达的特性,得到了实测GSM信号的时域图、频谱图和模糊函数图,同时仿真了该系统的威力作用范围。接着介绍了波束形成的相关知识,仿真分析了LCMV波束形成器。最后,详细分析了基于GSM信号的无源雷达动目标检测技术,给出了基于GSM信号的无源雷达系统中估计直达波方向的一种比较精确的方法,并通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性;重点分析了外辐射源雷达系统动目标检测的方法,并通过仿真验证了这种方法的有效性,同时,根据该体制雷达系统中存在较多干扰的现象,仿真分析了干扰信号是否会影响目标检测的问题,仿真结果表明,存在数目较多且能量较强的干扰信号会使系统无法检测到目标。
Using the echo wave which is reflected from the targets illuminated by the external radiators, passive radar can detect, locate and track the aerial targets. The multi-static radar system based on the external radiators is superior to the active mono-static radar system in anti-jamming, anti-ARM, anti-stealth and so on, becoming an important branch of radar systems.
The paper discusses the study on moving target detection techniques in GSM signal based passive radar. The background and significance of the study are introduced at the beginning of the paper. Then the characteristics of the GSM and passive radar based on the signal are brought forward. The time-domain, frequency-domain and ambiguity function figures based on the real data are obtained. Meanwhile, the detection range of the system is simulated. Moreover, beamforming techniques are introduced and LCMV beamforming algorithm is simulated and analyzed. Finally, the moving target detection techniques in GSM signal based passive radar are analyzed in detail. A more accurate approach of estimating the bearing of the direct-wave is proposed and the effectiveness of the approach is verified with the simulation. The method of target detection is analyzed in detail and the effectiveness of the method is verified with simulation. Because of the phenomenon that there exist many interference signals in this kind of radar system, a problem whether these signals would influence the target detection is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results reveal that the system can’t detect the target when there exist many strong power interference signals.
论文对基于GSM信号的无源雷达动目标检测技术进行了研究。首先综述了课题研究的背景及意义。然后介绍了GSM信号和基于该信号的无源雷达的特性,得到了实测GSM信号的时域图、频谱图和模糊函数图,同时仿真了该系统的威力作用范围。接着介绍了波束形成的相关知识,仿真分析了LCMV波束形成器。最后,详细分析了基于GSM信号的无源雷达动目标检测技术,给出了基于GSM信号的无源雷达系统中估计直达波方向的一种比较精确的方法,并通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性;重点分析了外辐射源雷达系统动目标检测的方法,并通过仿真验证了这种方法的有效性,同时,根据该体制雷达系统中存在较多干扰的现象,仿真分析了干扰信号是否会影响目标检测的问题,仿真结果表明,存在数目较多且能量较强的干扰信号会使系统无法检测到目标。
Using the echo wave which is reflected from the targets illuminated by the external radiators, passive radar can detect, locate and track the aerial targets. The multi-static radar system based on the external radiators is superior to the active mono-static radar system in anti-jamming, anti-ARM, anti-stealth and so on, becoming an important branch of radar systems.
The paper discusses the study on moving target detection techniques in GSM signal based passive radar. The background and significance of the study are introduced at the beginning of the paper. Then the characteristics of the GSM and passive radar based on the signal are brought forward. The time-domain, frequency-domain and ambiguity function figures based on the real data are obtained. Meanwhile, the detection range of the system is simulated. Moreover, beamforming techniques are introduced and LCMV beamforming algorithm is simulated and analyzed. Finally, the moving target detection techniques in GSM signal based passive radar are analyzed in detail. A more accurate approach of estimating the bearing of the direct-wave is proposed and the effectiveness of the approach is verified with the simulation. The method of target detection is analyzed in detail and the effectiveness of the method is verified with simulation. Because of the phenomenon that there exist many interference signals in this kind of radar system, a problem whether these signals would influence the target detection is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results reveal that the system can’t detect the target when there exist many strong power interference signals.
引文
[1]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.第三版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2002.
[2] P.E. Howland. Target tracking using television-based bistatic radar. Radar, Sonar & Navigation, IEE Proceedings. 1999, Vol.146, No.3. pp. 166-174.
[3] P.E. Howland, D.Maksimiuk, G.Reitsma. FM radio based bistatic radar. IEE Proceedings Radar, Sonar & Navigation. June, 2005, Vol.152, No.3. pp. 107-115.
[4] H.D. Griffiths, A.J. Garnett, C.J. Parker, etc. Bistatic radar using satellite-borne illuminators of opportunity. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Radar, Brighton UK. 1992. pp. 276-279.
[5] G.Fabrizio, F.Conlne, P.Lombardo, etc. Adaptive beamforming for High-frequency over-the-horizon passive radar. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation. 2009, Vol.3, lss.4. pp. 384-405.
[6] John D.Sahr, Rrank D.Lind.The Manastash Ridge Radar: A Passive Bistatic Radar for Upper Atmospheric Radio Science. Radio Science.November-December, 1997, 32(6). pp. 2345-2358.
[7]华云,龚耀寰.利用CDMA系统下行链路信号进行移动台定位的研究.电波科学学报. 2002年10月,第17卷(第5期). pp. 517-523.
[8]田孝华,廖桂生,王洪洋.利用单基站对三维运动目标定位与跟踪.电子与信息学报. 2004年9月,第26卷(第9期). pp. 1364-1370.
[9] H.Sun, D.K.P. Tan, Y.Lu. Design and implementation of an experimental GSM based passive radar. International Conference on Radar, Adelaide, Australia. September, 2003. pp. 418-422.
[10] D.K.P. Tan, H.Sun, Y.Lu. Ground moving target measurements using a GSM based passive radar. International Conference on Radar Systems, Toulouse, France. October, 2004, 6P-RCMT-141.
[11] D.K.P. Tan, H.Sun, Y.Lu, etc. Passive radar using Global System for Mobile communication signal: theory, implementation and measurements. IEE Proceedings Radar, Sonar & Navigation. June, 2005, Vol.152, No.3. pp. 116-123.
[12] Reda zemmari, Ulrich Nickel. Range performance study of a GSM Passive radar system. IRS 2009 Proceedings.
[13] Paolo Falcone, Fabiola Colone, Pierfrancesco Lombardo, etc. Range Sidelobes Reduction Filters for WiFi-Based Passive Bistatic Radar. Proceedings of the 6thEuropean Radar Conference, Rome, Italy. 30 September-2 October, 2009. pp. 133-136.
[14] B.D. Nordwall.‘Silent Sentry’A New Type of Radar. Aviation Week and Space Technology. 30 November, 1998, Vol.149, Iss.22. pp. 1-70.
[15]张军华.“静默哨兵”:一种新型无源反隐身雷达.现代防御技术. 2000年2月,第28卷(第1期). pp. 63-64.
[16]王乙惠.利用GSM为信号源的雷达探测系统.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文. 2008年1月. pp. 23-39.
[17]赵长奎. GSM数字移动通信应用系统.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社. 2001. pp. 21-50.
[18]顾肇基译. GSM网络与GPRS.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社. 2002. pp. 128-142.
[19] Haykin S., Reilly J.P. and Vertatschitsch E.. Some aspects of array signal processing. IEE Proc.-F. 1992, 139. pp. 1-26.
[20] Krim H. and Viberg M.. Two decades of array signal processing. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. 1996, 13(4). pp. 67-94.
[21] Capon J. High-resolution frequency-wave number spectrum analysis. Proc. IEEE. 1969, 57. pp. 1408-1418.
[22] P. Stoica and R. L. Moses. Introduction to Spectral Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1997.
[23] H.L. Van Trees. Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory Part IV: Optimum Array Processing. New York: Wiley. 2002.
[24] Cox H., Zeskind R.M. and Owen M.H. Robust adaptive beamforming. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. 1987, 35(10). pp. 1365-1376.
[25] Gershman A.B. Robustness issues in adaptive beamforming. Keynote speech at RTA Symp. on Smart Antennas, Chester, UK. April 2003.
[26] Griffiths L.J. and Jim C.W. An alternative approach to linearly constrained adaptive beamforming. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1982, 30(1). pp. 27-34.
[27] Er M.H. and Cantoni T. An alternative formulation for an optimum beamformer with robustness capability. Proc. Inst. Elect. Radar, Sonar & Navigation. 1985, 10(10). pp. 447-460.
[28]林飞龙.自适应阵列波束形成算法研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文. 2007年1月. pp. 5-11.
[29] Shunjun Wu, Yingjun Li. Adaptive Channel Equalization for Space-Time Adaptive Processing. IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE. 1995. pp. 624-628.
[30] Hongbo Sun, Danny K.P.Tan, Yilong Lu. Aircraft Target Measurements Using A GSM-Based Passive radar. 2008 IEEE Radar Conference, Rome, Italy. May, 2008. pp. 1827-1832.
[31] Hongbo Sun, Danny K.P.Tan, Yilong Lu, etc. Applications of Passive Surveillance Radar System Using Cell Phone Base Station Illuminators. IEEE AES MAGAZINE. MARCH, 2010. pp. 10-18.
[32]熊瑾煜,王巍,朱中梁. CDMA蜂窝系统定位技术的发展与展望.电信科学. 2003年,第1期. pp. 9-14.
[33] Colone F., O’hagan D.W., Lombardo P., etc. A multistage processing algorithm for disturbance removal and target detection in passive bistatic radar. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2009, 45(2). pp. 698-722.
[34] Vijay K.Garg,于鹏等译.第三代移动通信系统原理与工程设计IS-95CDMA和CDMA2000.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社. 2002.
[35]王月清,柴远波,吴桂生.宽带CDMA移动通信原理.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社. 2001年12月.
[36]张希达,保铮.通信信号处理.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社. 2000.
[37]王蕾.基于CDMA通信信号的无源雷达定位系统研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文. 2009年1月. pp. 37-39.
[2] P.E. Howland. Target tracking using television-based bistatic radar. Radar, Sonar & Navigation, IEE Proceedings. 1999, Vol.146, No.3. pp. 166-174.
[3] P.E. Howland, D.Maksimiuk, G.Reitsma. FM radio based bistatic radar. IEE Proceedings Radar, Sonar & Navigation. June, 2005, Vol.152, No.3. pp. 107-115.
[4] H.D. Griffiths, A.J. Garnett, C.J. Parker, etc. Bistatic radar using satellite-borne illuminators of opportunity. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Radar, Brighton UK. 1992. pp. 276-279.
[5] G.Fabrizio, F.Conlne, P.Lombardo, etc. Adaptive beamforming for High-frequency over-the-horizon passive radar. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation. 2009, Vol.3, lss.4. pp. 384-405.
[6] John D.Sahr, Rrank D.Lind.The Manastash Ridge Radar: A Passive Bistatic Radar for Upper Atmospheric Radio Science. Radio Science.November-December, 1997, 32(6). pp. 2345-2358.
[7]华云,龚耀寰.利用CDMA系统下行链路信号进行移动台定位的研究.电波科学学报. 2002年10月,第17卷(第5期). pp. 517-523.
[8]田孝华,廖桂生,王洪洋.利用单基站对三维运动目标定位与跟踪.电子与信息学报. 2004年9月,第26卷(第9期). pp. 1364-1370.
[9] H.Sun, D.K.P. Tan, Y.Lu. Design and implementation of an experimental GSM based passive radar. International Conference on Radar, Adelaide, Australia. September, 2003. pp. 418-422.
[10] D.K.P. Tan, H.Sun, Y.Lu. Ground moving target measurements using a GSM based passive radar. International Conference on Radar Systems, Toulouse, France. October, 2004, 6P-RCMT-141.
[11] D.K.P. Tan, H.Sun, Y.Lu, etc. Passive radar using Global System for Mobile communication signal: theory, implementation and measurements. IEE Proceedings Radar, Sonar & Navigation. June, 2005, Vol.152, No.3. pp. 116-123.
[12] Reda zemmari, Ulrich Nickel. Range performance study of a GSM Passive radar system. IRS 2009 Proceedings.
[13] Paolo Falcone, Fabiola Colone, Pierfrancesco Lombardo, etc. Range Sidelobes Reduction Filters for WiFi-Based Passive Bistatic Radar. Proceedings of the 6thEuropean Radar Conference, Rome, Italy. 30 September-2 October, 2009. pp. 133-136.
[14] B.D. Nordwall.‘Silent Sentry’A New Type of Radar. Aviation Week and Space Technology. 30 November, 1998, Vol.149, Iss.22. pp. 1-70.
[15]张军华.“静默哨兵”:一种新型无源反隐身雷达.现代防御技术. 2000年2月,第28卷(第1期). pp. 63-64.
[16]王乙惠.利用GSM为信号源的雷达探测系统.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文. 2008年1月. pp. 23-39.
[17]赵长奎. GSM数字移动通信应用系统.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社. 2001. pp. 21-50.
[18]顾肇基译. GSM网络与GPRS.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社. 2002. pp. 128-142.
[19] Haykin S., Reilly J.P. and Vertatschitsch E.. Some aspects of array signal processing. IEE Proc.-F. 1992, 139. pp. 1-26.
[20] Krim H. and Viberg M.. Two decades of array signal processing. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. 1996, 13(4). pp. 67-94.
[21] Capon J. High-resolution frequency-wave number spectrum analysis. Proc. IEEE. 1969, 57. pp. 1408-1418.
[22] P. Stoica and R. L. Moses. Introduction to Spectral Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1997.
[23] H.L. Van Trees. Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory Part IV: Optimum Array Processing. New York: Wiley. 2002.
[24] Cox H., Zeskind R.M. and Owen M.H. Robust adaptive beamforming. IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. 1987, 35(10). pp. 1365-1376.
[25] Gershman A.B. Robustness issues in adaptive beamforming. Keynote speech at RTA Symp. on Smart Antennas, Chester, UK. April 2003.
[26] Griffiths L.J. and Jim C.W. An alternative approach to linearly constrained adaptive beamforming. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1982, 30(1). pp. 27-34.
[27] Er M.H. and Cantoni T. An alternative formulation for an optimum beamformer with robustness capability. Proc. Inst. Elect. Radar, Sonar & Navigation. 1985, 10(10). pp. 447-460.
[28]林飞龙.自适应阵列波束形成算法研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文. 2007年1月. pp. 5-11.
[29] Shunjun Wu, Yingjun Li. Adaptive Channel Equalization for Space-Time Adaptive Processing. IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE. 1995. pp. 624-628.
[30] Hongbo Sun, Danny K.P.Tan, Yilong Lu. Aircraft Target Measurements Using A GSM-Based Passive radar. 2008 IEEE Radar Conference, Rome, Italy. May, 2008. pp. 1827-1832.
[31] Hongbo Sun, Danny K.P.Tan, Yilong Lu, etc. Applications of Passive Surveillance Radar System Using Cell Phone Base Station Illuminators. IEEE AES MAGAZINE. MARCH, 2010. pp. 10-18.
[32]熊瑾煜,王巍,朱中梁. CDMA蜂窝系统定位技术的发展与展望.电信科学. 2003年,第1期. pp. 9-14.
[33] Colone F., O’hagan D.W., Lombardo P., etc. A multistage processing algorithm for disturbance removal and target detection in passive bistatic radar. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2009, 45(2). pp. 698-722.
[34] Vijay K.Garg,于鹏等译.第三代移动通信系统原理与工程设计IS-95CDMA和CDMA2000.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社. 2002.
[35]王月清,柴远波,吴桂生.宽带CDMA移动通信原理.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社. 2001年12月.
[36]张希达,保铮.通信信号处理.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社. 2000.
[37]王蕾.基于CDMA通信信号的无源雷达定位系统研究.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文. 2009年1月. pp. 37-39.