测井资料在低孔低渗油层改造中的应用
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摘要
目前,低孔隙度、低渗透率储层已成为胜利油田勘探开发的主要对象,也是测井评价面临的难题之一。本论文旨在探索测井资料在低孔、低渗油层改造中如何发挥作用。首先系统分析了低孔、低渗储层的地质特征、渗流特征和开发特征。然后以商543井区(属于基山砂岩体)、江家店油田、渤南-孤北地区中生界、上古生界储层3个不同类型的低孔、低渗储层为研究对象,根据常规测井资料和实验分析数据以及试油成果,研究储层四性关系,确定低孔、低渗储层评价标准。进一步把油层细分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,为油层改造有针对性地提供施工层位和准确的储层参数。以典型实例验证了核磁共振测井在评价低孔、低渗储层方面的优势。而且,以正交多极子阵列声波为基础,结合常规测井资料及压裂、试油资料建立了低孔、低渗油藏特性的岩石力学参数计算模型,进一步对岩石机械特性进行分析,预测油层改造效果。一是井眼稳定性评价,包括计算理想钻井液密度,判断产层出砂,优化射孔方案;二是水力压裂高度预测技术,压裂是目前低孔、低渗油藏有效提高开发效率的一个重要手段,利用上述研究成果可估算储集层在不同压力条件下,压裂产生的裂缝的延伸方向及其高度。本论文形成了一套适用于研究低孔、低渗储层特点的评价方法,建立了适合本区低孔、低渗油藏特性的岩石力学参数计算模型和压裂预测模型。为优选压裂层位和方案设计提供依据。预测结果与现场压裂、试油验证一致性较好。
Current low porosity and low permeability reservoirs became the target of exploration and development in Shengli oilfield. It is also one of puzzle on logging evaluation. The aid of this study is how to apply logging data in improving low porosity and low permeability oil-bearing reservoirs. On the basis of analysis of the geology feature, flowing property and development characteristics of low porosity and low permeability oil layer, research the relationship among lithology, geophysical property, electric property and hydrocarbon bearing, Then establishing regional reservoir evaluation standard in Shang 543 block, Jiangjiadian oilfield and Bonan-gubei reservoir, Further classify oil bearing layers in order to provide Fracturing layer of interest and accuracy reservoir parameters. Some typical examples of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging proved the advantage and reliability on evaluation the porosity, permeability and fluid property of low permeability reservoirs. Based on XMAC-Ⅱlogging data and combinated the relationship among conventional logging data, petrophysical analysis data, Fracturing and oil testing results, establish rock mechanical parameter math models. Furthermore, rock mechanical characteristics analysis and forecast the result of fracturing operation. One is borehole environment stability evaluation, which including ideal mud density, sanding prediction and perforation optimum plan, the other is the prediction of fracturing height and fracture extension direction. Fracturing is a main step in increasing production of low porosity and low permeability reservoirs. The method of low porosity and low permeability evaluation and fracturing prediction models provide important fracturing object layer and parameters for in-situ fracturing operation, the result of which is better.
Current low porosity and low permeability reservoirs became the target of exploration and development in Shengli oilfield. It is also one of puzzle on logging evaluation. The aid of this study is how to apply logging data in improving low porosity and low permeability oil-bearing reservoirs. On the basis of analysis of the geology feature, flowing property and development characteristics of low porosity and low permeability oil layer, research the relationship among lithology, geophysical property, electric property and hydrocarbon bearing, Then establishing regional reservoir evaluation standard in Shang 543 block, Jiangjiadian oilfield and Bonan-gubei reservoir, Further classify oil bearing layers in order to provide Fracturing layer of interest and accuracy reservoir parameters. Some typical examples of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging proved the advantage and reliability on evaluation the porosity, permeability and fluid property of low permeability reservoirs. Based on XMAC-Ⅱlogging data and combinated the relationship among conventional logging data, petrophysical analysis data, Fracturing and oil testing results, establish rock mechanical parameter math models. Furthermore, rock mechanical characteristics analysis and forecast the result of fracturing operation. One is borehole environment stability evaluation, which including ideal mud density, sanding prediction and perforation optimum plan, the other is the prediction of fracturing height and fracture extension direction. Fracturing is a main step in increasing production of low porosity and low permeability reservoirs. The method of low porosity and low permeability evaluation and fracturing prediction models provide important fracturing object layer and parameters for in-situ fracturing operation, the result of which is better.
引文
[1] 李国欣,刘国强,赵培华. 中国石油天然气股份有限公司测井技术的定位、需求与发展. 测井技术,2004;28(1):1～6
[2] 胜利油田地质科学研究院等编写. 低渗透油藏开发配套技术调研. 2001: 16～35
[3] 马建海,孙建孟. 用测井资料计算地层应力. 测井技术,1992;26(4):347～351
[4] S. Schubarth, M. Mullen ,C. Kessler. Successful Prediction of Well Productivity From Openhole Logs Improves Profitability In Several Rocky Mountain Fromations Case Histories. SPWLA39th Annual Logging Symposium, May 26-29, 1998
[5] 葛百成,文政,郑建东. 利用测井资料预测油层自然产能的评价方法. 大庆石油地质,2003;22(1):54～56
[6] 谭成仟,吴向红,宋子齐. 利用测井资料预测克拉玛依油田八区克上组油层产能. 石油地球物理勘探,2001;36(3):285～290
[7] 柴细元,李丽荣,刘志云. 自然伽马能谱测井资料在张东地区的应用.测井技术, 2000;24(2): 118～124
[8] 孟闲龙.准噶尔盆地中部侏罗系三工河组储层非均质性特点分析.西部新区油气勘探动态.2003;9(1):23～27
[9] 李道品. 低渗透油田高效开发决策论. 北京:石油工业出版社,2003:1～15
[10] 于河兴. 碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学. 北京:石油工业出版社,2002: 233～235
[11] 丁次乾. 矿场地球物理. 东营:石油大学出版社,1992: 316～317
[12] 杨华,张明禄,荣春龙. 低渗透油气田研究与实践(卷六). 北京:石油工业出版社, 2003:176～193
[13] 王端平,时佃海. 低渗透砂岩油藏开发主要矛盾机理及合理井距分析. 石油勘探与开发,2003;30(1):87～89
[14] 肖立志. 核磁共振成像测井与岩石核磁共振及其应用. 北京: 科学出版社,1998:78～79
[15] 王忠东,汪浩. 低场岩心磁共振实验分析及其在核磁测井中的应用.第十二届测井年会论文集. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001:92～97
[16] 范宜仁,周灿灿,邓少贵.柳东地区储层饱和度测井评价方法. 测井技术,2001;25(6):313～315
[17] 运华云,赵文杰,刘兵开.利用 T2分布研究孔隙结构.第十二届测井年会论文集. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001:122～127
[18] 肖立志, 柴细元, 孙宝喜,等.核磁共振测井资料解释与应用导论.北京:石油工业出版社, 2001:112～125
[19] 邵维志.核磁共振测井移谱差谱影响因素实验分析.测井技术,2003:27(6):502～507
[20] 张筠,林绍文.利用测井计算地层弹性特征及应力场分析. 测井技术,2001:25(6):467～472
[21] X.M. Tang, N.Y. Cheng, Arthur C.H. Cheng. Identifying and Estimating Formation Stress From Bore Monopole and Cross- dipole Acoustic Measurements. SPWLA40th Annual Logging Symposium, 30-June 3, 1999
[22] T.Klimentos, H.Fahmy, S.Townsend. Wellbore Stabilty and Rock Mechanics Study in a Gulf of Suez Well Saves 1 Million Usd in Drilling Costs. SPWLA 44 th Annual Logging Symposium, June 22-25, 2003
[23] Tokle, K., Horstud, P. and Bratli, R.K. Predicting Uniaxial Compressive Strength from Log Parameters, SPE # 15645, SPE 61st Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,,Dallas, Oct 5-8, 1986.
[24] 刘萍英,郑淑芬,周政英,等. 测井资料在压裂技术中的应用. 测井技术,2004;28(5):468～470
[2] 胜利油田地质科学研究院等编写. 低渗透油藏开发配套技术调研. 2001: 16～35
[3] 马建海,孙建孟. 用测井资料计算地层应力. 测井技术,1992;26(4):347～351
[4] S. Schubarth, M. Mullen ,C. Kessler. Successful Prediction of Well Productivity From Openhole Logs Improves Profitability In Several Rocky Mountain Fromations Case Histories. SPWLA39th Annual Logging Symposium, May 26-29, 1998
[5] 葛百成,文政,郑建东. 利用测井资料预测油层自然产能的评价方法. 大庆石油地质,2003;22(1):54～56
[6] 谭成仟,吴向红,宋子齐. 利用测井资料预测克拉玛依油田八区克上组油层产能. 石油地球物理勘探,2001;36(3):285～290
[7] 柴细元,李丽荣,刘志云. 自然伽马能谱测井资料在张东地区的应用.测井技术, 2000;24(2): 118～124
[8] 孟闲龙.准噶尔盆地中部侏罗系三工河组储层非均质性特点分析.西部新区油气勘探动态.2003;9(1):23～27
[9] 李道品. 低渗透油田高效开发决策论. 北京:石油工业出版社,2003:1～15
[10] 于河兴. 碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学. 北京:石油工业出版社,2002: 233～235
[11] 丁次乾. 矿场地球物理. 东营:石油大学出版社,1992: 316～317
[12] 杨华,张明禄,荣春龙. 低渗透油气田研究与实践(卷六). 北京:石油工业出版社, 2003:176～193
[13] 王端平,时佃海. 低渗透砂岩油藏开发主要矛盾机理及合理井距分析. 石油勘探与开发,2003;30(1):87～89
[14] 肖立志. 核磁共振成像测井与岩石核磁共振及其应用. 北京: 科学出版社,1998:78～79
[15] 王忠东,汪浩. 低场岩心磁共振实验分析及其在核磁测井中的应用.第十二届测井年会论文集. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001:92～97
[16] 范宜仁,周灿灿,邓少贵.柳东地区储层饱和度测井评价方法. 测井技术,2001;25(6):313～315
[17] 运华云,赵文杰,刘兵开.利用 T2分布研究孔隙结构.第十二届测井年会论文集. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001:122～127
[18] 肖立志, 柴细元, 孙宝喜,等.核磁共振测井资料解释与应用导论.北京:石油工业出版社, 2001:112～125
[19] 邵维志.核磁共振测井移谱差谱影响因素实验分析.测井技术,2003:27(6):502～507
[20] 张筠,林绍文.利用测井计算地层弹性特征及应力场分析. 测井技术,2001:25(6):467～472
[21] X.M. Tang, N.Y. Cheng, Arthur C.H. Cheng. Identifying and Estimating Formation Stress From Bore Monopole and Cross- dipole Acoustic Measurements. SPWLA40th Annual Logging Symposium, 30-June 3, 1999
[22] T.Klimentos, H.Fahmy, S.Townsend. Wellbore Stabilty and Rock Mechanics Study in a Gulf of Suez Well Saves 1 Million Usd in Drilling Costs. SPWLA 44 th Annual Logging Symposium, June 22-25, 2003
[23] Tokle, K., Horstud, P. and Bratli, R.K. Predicting Uniaxial Compressive Strength from Log Parameters, SPE # 15645, SPE 61st Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,,Dallas, Oct 5-8, 1986.
[24] 刘萍英,郑淑芬,周政英,等. 测井资料在压裂技术中的应用. 测井技术,2004;28(5):468～470