宽频带、低交叉极化偏馈抛物反射面天线设计与研究
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摘要
反射面天线因其高增益、低旁瓣、高分辨率的特性,广泛应用于远距离通信和高分辨率雷达系统中。随着现代军事的发展,电子对抗和干扰在军事作战系统中受到越来越高的重视。宽频带、高增益的天线是电子对抗和干扰的重要组成部分。本文以电子对抗为背景,围绕5-10GHz的宽频带偏馈反射面天线开展了分析、设计和研究工作,主要研究工作如下：
1.分析双脊波导的基本原理,得到了其可用于宽频带馈源的特性。采用HFSS仿真软件,设计了5-10GHz的宽频带双脊喇叭天线,使用FEKO软件对天线再次仿真,两种软件仿真结果一致,天线在工作频带内方向图基本旋转对称,增益大于10dB,驻波小于2。根据仿真得到的相位方向图确定了天线的等效相位中心。
2.研究了物理光学算法,根据其计算辐射场的公式,自行编制了用于计算反射面天线辐射场的软件,并将其用于偏馈反射面天线的设计中,获得了和商用软件一致的结果,但是计算效率大为提高。
3.结合单偏馈反射面天线设计原则和本文设计的双脊喇叭天线,采用FEKO仿真软件,设计了宽频带、低交叉极化的偏馈抛物反射面天线,FEKO软件仿真结果与本文自编软件计算结果一致。天线在5-10GHz内增益在26-32dB之间,轴向交叉极化低于-50dB,天线的效率在55%到62%之间,达到了宽频带、低交叉极化的指标要求。
Reflector antenna has a widely application in long distance communication system,high-resolution randar,because of its high-gain,low side lobe,high resolution characteristic.With the development of the modern military, electronic countermeasures system was given a high attention. The antenna which both have wideband and high-gain was an important part in the electronic counter measures system.Based on this system, in this paper,we launched the analysis,design and research work round a wideband off-fed parabolic reflector antenna which worked on 5-10GHz,the main research work was as follows:
1. Analysis of the basic principle of the double ridged waveguide,its characteristics can be used for wideband feed,a 5-10GHz wideband double ridge horn was design by using HFSS software,than using FEKO software simulation the antenna again, the simulation results was consistent.antenna pattern was rotation symmetry,the gain was greater than 10dB,VSWR was less than 2 in the 5-10Gz band,and found the equivalents phase centre of this horn antenna based on the phase pattern.
2. Studied on the physical optics algorithm,based on its formula to calculate the radiation field,self-developed software was use to calculated the radiation field of the reflector antenna,and the calculated result of self-developed software was consistent with the commercial software,but computational efficiency was greatly improved.
3. Combined with the design principle of the off-fed reflector antenna and the double ridge horn which designed in this paper, a wideband,low cross-polarization off-fed reflector antenna was designed by using FEKO simulation software. The calculated result of self-developed software was consistent with the FEKO software. The gain of antenna was between 26-32dB, axial cross-polarization was lower than -50dB, antenna efficiency was about 60%.The simulation result show that the antenna was a wideband,low cross-polarization antenna.
1.分析双脊波导的基本原理,得到了其可用于宽频带馈源的特性。采用HFSS仿真软件,设计了5-10GHz的宽频带双脊喇叭天线,使用FEKO软件对天线再次仿真,两种软件仿真结果一致,天线在工作频带内方向图基本旋转对称,增益大于10dB,驻波小于2。根据仿真得到的相位方向图确定了天线的等效相位中心。
2.研究了物理光学算法,根据其计算辐射场的公式,自行编制了用于计算反射面天线辐射场的软件,并将其用于偏馈反射面天线的设计中,获得了和商用软件一致的结果,但是计算效率大为提高。
3.结合单偏馈反射面天线设计原则和本文设计的双脊喇叭天线,采用FEKO仿真软件,设计了宽频带、低交叉极化的偏馈抛物反射面天线,FEKO软件仿真结果与本文自编软件计算结果一致。天线在5-10GHz内增益在26-32dB之间,轴向交叉极化低于-50dB,天线的效率在55%到62%之间,达到了宽频带、低交叉极化的指标要求。
Reflector antenna has a widely application in long distance communication system,high-resolution randar,because of its high-gain,low side lobe,high resolution characteristic.With the development of the modern military, electronic countermeasures system was given a high attention. The antenna which both have wideband and high-gain was an important part in the electronic counter measures system.Based on this system, in this paper,we launched the analysis,design and research work round a wideband off-fed parabolic reflector antenna which worked on 5-10GHz,the main research work was as follows:
1. Analysis of the basic principle of the double ridged waveguide,its characteristics can be used for wideband feed,a 5-10GHz wideband double ridge horn was design by using HFSS software,than using FEKO software simulation the antenna again, the simulation results was consistent.antenna pattern was rotation symmetry,the gain was greater than 10dB,VSWR was less than 2 in the 5-10Gz band,and found the equivalents phase centre of this horn antenna based on the phase pattern.
2. Studied on the physical optics algorithm,based on its formula to calculate the radiation field,self-developed software was use to calculated the radiation field of the reflector antenna,and the calculated result of self-developed software was consistent with the commercial software,but computational efficiency was greatly improved.
3. Combined with the design principle of the off-fed reflector antenna and the double ridge horn which designed in this paper, a wideband,low cross-polarization off-fed reflector antenna was designed by using FEKO simulation software. The calculated result of self-developed software was consistent with the FEKO software. The gain of antenna was between 26-32dB, axial cross-polarization was lower than -50dB, antenna efficiency was about 60%.The simulation result show that the antenna was a wideband,low cross-polarization antenna.
引文
[1]卢万铮.天线理论与技术.西安电子科技大学出版社.2004
[2]杨可忠,杨智友,章日荣.现代面天线新技术.第一版.北京：人民邮电出版社,1993
[3]J.L. Kerr. Short Axial Length Broadband Horns. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, 1973:710-714
[4]K.L Walton,V.C Sundberg.Broadwide Ridged Horn Design,Microwave J,1964(3): 96-101
[5]Weimin Sun and C A Balanis. Analysis and Design of Quadruple-ridged Waveguide. IEEE Trans,MTT.Dec,1994(12):2201-2207
[6]何山红、傅永生.分析宽频带、双极化、恒束宽四脊喇叭的混合方法.电波科学学报,2002(17)：160-165
[7]王仁德,陈定.宽带偏馈天线的实验研究,全国微波毫米波会议,2009：721-725.
[8]Jian Yang,Mirislav Pantaleev.Crygenic 2-13 GHz Eleven Feed for Reflector Antennas in Future Wideband Radio Telescopes. IEEE Transaction on antenna and propagation, 2011(6):1918-1934
[9]Hana Amjadi, Farzad Tavakkol Hamedani.A Novel 2-18GHz TEM Double Ridged Horn Antenna for Wideband Applications.Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference,2011:341-344
[10]曹祥玉,高军,梁昌洪.双扼流环多模喇叭天线研究.西安电子科技大学学报,2000(5)：567-570
[11]谢拥军等.Ansoft HFSS基础及应用.西安电子科技大学出版社.2007
[12]John D. Kraus Ronald J. Marhefka.天线.电子工业出版社,2006,
[13]S.W. Hopfer. The Design of Ridged Waveguides. IRE Trans MTT,1955(3):20-29
[14]J.R Pyle. The Cutoff Waveguide of the TE10 Mode in Ridged Rectangular Waveguide of any Aspect Ratio. IEEE Trans MTT,1966(14):175-183
[15]J.Uher, J.Bornnemann,Uwe. Roseenberg. Waveguide Components for Antenna Feed Systerms:Theory and CAD. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data,1993:115-120
[16]Cohn S B.Properties of Ridge Waveguide.Proc.IRE,1974,35(8):783-788
[17]邓素芬、杨显清、陈友至.基于有限元法的脊波导特征值分析.电子对抗技术,1995(3)：43-46
[18]刘濂.脊波导的特性阻抗.全国微波会议论文集,1997
[19]王萍.加脊波导各种参数的计算.火控雷达技术,2005,34：29-32
[20]Haal.A,Kazak.U. A Broadband Coaxial Ridged Horn Antenna. Microwave Conference 1989:247-252
[21]Christian Bruns, Pascal Leuchtmann, Ruediger Vahldieck. Analysis and Simulation of a 1-18 GHz Broadband Double-Ridged Horn Antenna. IEEE Trans,2003(45):55-60
[22]Abbas-Azimi.M,Arazm. F, Rashed-Mohassel. J, Design of a New Broadband EMC DoubleRidged Guide Horn Antenna. Antennas and Propagation,2006:1-5
[23]李强、龚书喜、贺秀莲.宽带加脊喇叭天线的分析与设计.空间电子技术.2006(增刊)：182-185
[24]刘密歌、张麟兮.基于HFSS的双脊喇叭天线的设计与仿真.电子测量技术,2007(30)：142-145
[25]黄立伟,金志天.反射面天线.北京：人民邮电出版社,1986
[26]徐国华,漆一宏,段宝岩.反射面天线馈源相位中心的研究.电子学报,1990(4)：89-93
[27]张志华,陈辉,秦友顺,宋迎东.馈源喇叭相位中心测量及误差分析.无线电通信技术,2011(5)：28-30
[28]焦永昌,漆一宏,王五兔.喇叭馈源混合相位中心的优化模型及计算法.电子科学学刊,1991(2)：131-137
[29]柯柄清,丁克乾.天线相位中心的推算及标定.遥测遥控,2009(6)：66-69
[30]A.W.Rudge and N.A.Adatia. Offset-Parabolic-Reflector Antennas:A Review. Proceedings of The IEEE,1978(66):1592-1611
[31]J. A.Stration and L. J.Chu. Diffraction Theory of Electromagnetic Waves. Physical Review,1939(56):99-107
[32]A.C.Ludwig. The Definition of Cross Polarization. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, 1973(21):116-119
[33]A.W.Rudge,T.Pratt and M.Shirazi. Radiation Fields From Offset Reflector Antennas. European Microwave Conf.,1973(Vol.C3.4):1-4
[34]彭国伦.Fortran 95程序设计.第一版.北京：中国电力出版社,2002
[35]徐士良.FORTRAN常用算法程序集.第二版.北京：清华大学出版社,1995
[36]T.S.Chu and R.H.Turrin. Depolarization Properties of Offset Reflector Antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat,1973(21):339-345
[37]A.W.Rudge. Multiple-Beam Antennas:Offset Reflectors with Offset Feeds. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat,1975(23):317-322
[38]Ha Schrank,Warren Stutzman,Marco Terada. Design of Offset-Parabolic-Rflector Antennas. IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagat,1993(35):46-49
[39]Wojciech J. Krzysztofik. Small Offset Parabolic Reflector Antenna Design and Analysis. Antennas and Propagation,2010:1-4
[40]章日荣,王中文.偏置抛物面反射镜天线.无线电通信技术,1986(4)：24-47
[41]杨可忠.偏置抛物面天线.电子信息技术,1982：11-22
[42]杨维明.单偏馈抛物反射面天线的研究.湖北大学学报,1998(20)：250-252
[43]林昌禄,聂在平等著.天线工程手册.北京：电子工业出版社,2002
[44]史雪莹.偏置反射面天线研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2010
[2]杨可忠,杨智友,章日荣.现代面天线新技术.第一版.北京：人民邮电出版社,1993
[3]J.L. Kerr. Short Axial Length Broadband Horns. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, 1973:710-714
[4]K.L Walton,V.C Sundberg.Broadwide Ridged Horn Design,Microwave J,1964(3): 96-101
[5]Weimin Sun and C A Balanis. Analysis and Design of Quadruple-ridged Waveguide. IEEE Trans,MTT.Dec,1994(12):2201-2207
[6]何山红、傅永生.分析宽频带、双极化、恒束宽四脊喇叭的混合方法.电波科学学报,2002(17)：160-165
[7]王仁德,陈定.宽带偏馈天线的实验研究,全国微波毫米波会议,2009：721-725.
[8]Jian Yang,Mirislav Pantaleev.Crygenic 2-13 GHz Eleven Feed for Reflector Antennas in Future Wideband Radio Telescopes. IEEE Transaction on antenna and propagation, 2011(6):1918-1934
[9]Hana Amjadi, Farzad Tavakkol Hamedani.A Novel 2-18GHz TEM Double Ridged Horn Antenna for Wideband Applications.Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference,2011:341-344
[10]曹祥玉,高军,梁昌洪.双扼流环多模喇叭天线研究.西安电子科技大学学报,2000(5)：567-570
[11]谢拥军等.Ansoft HFSS基础及应用.西安电子科技大学出版社.2007
[12]John D. Kraus Ronald J. Marhefka.天线.电子工业出版社,2006,
[13]S.W. Hopfer. The Design of Ridged Waveguides. IRE Trans MTT,1955(3):20-29
[14]J.R Pyle. The Cutoff Waveguide of the TE10 Mode in Ridged Rectangular Waveguide of any Aspect Ratio. IEEE Trans MTT,1966(14):175-183
[15]J.Uher, J.Bornnemann,Uwe. Roseenberg. Waveguide Components for Antenna Feed Systerms:Theory and CAD. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data,1993:115-120
[16]Cohn S B.Properties of Ridge Waveguide.Proc.IRE,1974,35(8):783-788
[17]邓素芬、杨显清、陈友至.基于有限元法的脊波导特征值分析.电子对抗技术,1995(3)：43-46
[18]刘濂.脊波导的特性阻抗.全国微波会议论文集,1997
[19]王萍.加脊波导各种参数的计算.火控雷达技术,2005,34：29-32
[20]Haal.A,Kazak.U. A Broadband Coaxial Ridged Horn Antenna. Microwave Conference 1989:247-252
[21]Christian Bruns, Pascal Leuchtmann, Ruediger Vahldieck. Analysis and Simulation of a 1-18 GHz Broadband Double-Ridged Horn Antenna. IEEE Trans,2003(45):55-60
[22]Abbas-Azimi.M,Arazm. F, Rashed-Mohassel. J, Design of a New Broadband EMC DoubleRidged Guide Horn Antenna. Antennas and Propagation,2006:1-5
[23]李强、龚书喜、贺秀莲.宽带加脊喇叭天线的分析与设计.空间电子技术.2006(增刊)：182-185
[24]刘密歌、张麟兮.基于HFSS的双脊喇叭天线的设计与仿真.电子测量技术,2007(30)：142-145
[25]黄立伟,金志天.反射面天线.北京：人民邮电出版社,1986
[26]徐国华,漆一宏,段宝岩.反射面天线馈源相位中心的研究.电子学报,1990(4)：89-93
[27]张志华,陈辉,秦友顺,宋迎东.馈源喇叭相位中心测量及误差分析.无线电通信技术,2011(5)：28-30
[28]焦永昌,漆一宏,王五兔.喇叭馈源混合相位中心的优化模型及计算法.电子科学学刊,1991(2)：131-137
[29]柯柄清,丁克乾.天线相位中心的推算及标定.遥测遥控,2009(6)：66-69
[30]A.W.Rudge and N.A.Adatia. Offset-Parabolic-Reflector Antennas:A Review. Proceedings of The IEEE,1978(66):1592-1611
[31]J. A.Stration and L. J.Chu. Diffraction Theory of Electromagnetic Waves. Physical Review,1939(56):99-107
[32]A.C.Ludwig. The Definition of Cross Polarization. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, 1973(21):116-119
[33]A.W.Rudge,T.Pratt and M.Shirazi. Radiation Fields From Offset Reflector Antennas. European Microwave Conf.,1973(Vol.C3.4):1-4
[34]彭国伦.Fortran 95程序设计.第一版.北京：中国电力出版社,2002
[35]徐士良.FORTRAN常用算法程序集.第二版.北京：清华大学出版社,1995
[36]T.S.Chu and R.H.Turrin. Depolarization Properties of Offset Reflector Antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat,1973(21):339-345
[37]A.W.Rudge. Multiple-Beam Antennas:Offset Reflectors with Offset Feeds. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat,1975(23):317-322
[38]Ha Schrank,Warren Stutzman,Marco Terada. Design of Offset-Parabolic-Rflector Antennas. IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagat,1993(35):46-49
[39]Wojciech J. Krzysztofik. Small Offset Parabolic Reflector Antenna Design and Analysis. Antennas and Propagation,2010:1-4
[40]章日荣,王中文.偏置抛物面反射镜天线.无线电通信技术,1986(4)：24-47
[41]杨可忠.偏置抛物面天线.电子信息技术,1982：11-22
[42]杨维明.单偏馈抛物反射面天线的研究.湖北大学学报,1998(20)：250-252
[43]林昌禄,聂在平等著.天线工程手册.北京：电子工业出版社,2002
[44]史雪莹.偏置反射面天线研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2010