基于模型的变周期预测反褶积
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摘要
地震资料中包含的多次波通常极其复杂,即使综合多种方法进行压制,仍然无法完全消除。由于残余多次波的分布规律已被打乱,特征愈加不明显,因而要对其识别与压制就更加困难。残余多次波的存在,不仅影响了地震资料的成像质量,还可能误导地质解释的结果。
针对残余多次波的识别与压制问题,本项研究提出了一种新的基于模型的变周期预测反褶积方法。与传统的预测反褶积方法不同,基于模型的变周期预测反褶积首先根据所建立的强波阻抗界面的深度—速度模型,在地震偏移剖面上追踪识别出残余多次波并根据其传播时间确定出相应变化的多次波周期或预测步长,然后在成像道集上对含有残余多次波的成像道进行变周期预测反褶积压制处理,最后再将剔除残余多次波后的成像道集合成为新的地震偏移剖面。数值实验和实际资料处理的结果表明:基于模型的变周期预测反褶积方法不仅对微屈多次波有效,而且对残余的长周期鸣震多次波也可达到令人满意的压制效果,这是传统预测反褶积技术难以做到的。
文中综合实验分析,总结了多种类型的鸣震等多次波特征,其结论对于实际地震资料的处理分析,特别是对于复杂多次波的识别和大倾角多次波的压制等,将具有很好的指导意义。
The multiples in the seismic records are usually very complicated. Even if attenuated by comprehending all kinds of the existing methods, there are still some residual multiples existing in the seismic data. Because that the attitude and feature of the residual multiples have been obscured, it is more difficult for them to be distinguished and attenuated afterwards. Not only their existence in the seismic data can affect the imaging quality but also they may lead to wrong geological interpretations as well.
Aimed to distinguish and attenuate the residual multiples in the seismic data, a new method named Model-based Predictive Deconvolution with Varying Period is developed in this research. Not like as the conventional predictive deconvolution approach does, the method presented in this paper is firstly to distinguish the residual multiples on the migrated section by a ray-tracing manner based upon a built depth-velocity model of the stronger reflecting boundaries. The attenuation processing of the predictive deconvolution with variable periods or variable predictive steps, determined by the travel time(s) of the residual multiples on the section, is then applied to those traces which contain residual multiples in the corresponding imaging gathers. A new migrated section is finally synthesized by using the imaging gathers with the residual multiples eliminated. The experiment processing results of numerical and real data examples demonstrate that the method can not only sufficiently attenuate the peg-leg multiple but also can eliminate the long-period residual multiple to a satisfied result, which may be difficult to be attenuated by the conventional predictive deconvolution techniques.
The characteristics of kinds of reverberations or multiples are presented in this paper based upon a comprehensive experiment analysis. The conclusions may have good instructive meanings for real seismic data processing and analysis, especially for the distinction of complex multiples and the attenuation of those with high dip angles.
针对残余多次波的识别与压制问题,本项研究提出了一种新的基于模型的变周期预测反褶积方法。与传统的预测反褶积方法不同,基于模型的变周期预测反褶积首先根据所建立的强波阻抗界面的深度—速度模型,在地震偏移剖面上追踪识别出残余多次波并根据其传播时间确定出相应变化的多次波周期或预测步长,然后在成像道集上对含有残余多次波的成像道进行变周期预测反褶积压制处理,最后再将剔除残余多次波后的成像道集合成为新的地震偏移剖面。数值实验和实际资料处理的结果表明:基于模型的变周期预测反褶积方法不仅对微屈多次波有效,而且对残余的长周期鸣震多次波也可达到令人满意的压制效果,这是传统预测反褶积技术难以做到的。
文中综合实验分析,总结了多种类型的鸣震等多次波特征,其结论对于实际地震资料的处理分析,特别是对于复杂多次波的识别和大倾角多次波的压制等,将具有很好的指导意义。
The multiples in the seismic records are usually very complicated. Even if attenuated by comprehending all kinds of the existing methods, there are still some residual multiples existing in the seismic data. Because that the attitude and feature of the residual multiples have been obscured, it is more difficult for them to be distinguished and attenuated afterwards. Not only their existence in the seismic data can affect the imaging quality but also they may lead to wrong geological interpretations as well.
Aimed to distinguish and attenuate the residual multiples in the seismic data, a new method named Model-based Predictive Deconvolution with Varying Period is developed in this research. Not like as the conventional predictive deconvolution approach does, the method presented in this paper is firstly to distinguish the residual multiples on the migrated section by a ray-tracing manner based upon a built depth-velocity model of the stronger reflecting boundaries. The attenuation processing of the predictive deconvolution with variable periods or variable predictive steps, determined by the travel time(s) of the residual multiples on the section, is then applied to those traces which contain residual multiples in the corresponding imaging gathers. A new migrated section is finally synthesized by using the imaging gathers with the residual multiples eliminated. The experiment processing results of numerical and real data examples demonstrate that the method can not only sufficiently attenuate the peg-leg multiple but also can eliminate the long-period residual multiple to a satisfied result, which may be difficult to be attenuated by the conventional predictive deconvolution techniques.
The characteristics of kinds of reverberations or multiples are presented in this paper based upon a comprehensive experiment analysis. The conclusions may have good instructive meanings for real seismic data processing and analysis, especially for the distinction of complex multiples and the attenuation of those with high dip angles.
引文
[1] Yilmaz, O.,刘怀山等译.地震资料分析.北京:石油工业出版社, 2006. 624~732
[2]洪菲,胡天跃,张文坡,刘东奇.用优化聚束滤波方法消除低信噪比地震资料中的多次波.地球物理学报, 2004, 47 (6): 1106~1110
[3] Larner, K. L., Optimum weight averaging of seismic data. Western Geophysical Company, 1975
[4] Jones, I. and Levy, S., Signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in multichannel seismic data via the Karhunen-Loeve transform. Geophys. Prosp., 1987, 35, 12~32
[5] Ulrych, T.J., Freire, S.L. and Siston, P., Eigenimage processing of seismic sections. 58thAnn. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstract, 1988, 1261~1265
[6] Yilmaz, O., Velocity-stack processing. Geophysical Prospecting, 1989, 37(4):357~382
[7] Taner, M.T., Simplan-plane-wave stacking. Presented at the 37th Ann. Eur. Assoc. Explor. Geophys. Mtg.
[8] Thorson, R., and Claerbout, J., Velocity-stack and slant-stack stochastic inversion.Geophysics,1985, 50(12):2727~2741
[9] Hampson D., Inverse velocity stacking for multiples estimation. Journal of Canadian Societyof Exploration Geophysicists, 1986, 22(1):44~55
[10] Foster, D. J., and Mosher, C. C., Suppression of multiple reflection using the Radon transform. Geophysics, 1992, 57(3):386~395
[11] Evgeny Landa., Multiple attenuation in Parabolicτ?p domain using wavefront characteristic of multiple generating primaries. Geophysics, 1999, 64(6):1806~1816
[12]张军华,吕宁,雷凌,田连玉,郭见乐.抛物线拉冬变换消除多次波的应用要素分析.石油地球物理勘探, 2004, 39(4):398~405
[13] Hu, T., and White, R.E., Robust multiple suppression using adaptive beamforming. Geophysical Prospecting, 1998, 46:227~248
[14]胡天跃,王润秋, White, R.E.,地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法.地球物理学报, 2000, 43:105~115
[15]胡天跃,王润秋,温书亮.聚束滤波方法消除海上地震资料的多次波.石油地球物理勘探, 2002, 37(1): 18~23
[16]王润秋,胡天跃.用三维聚束滤波方法消除相关噪音.石油地球物理勘探, 2005, 40(1):42~47
[17]牛滨华,沈操,黄新武.波动方程多次波压制技术的进展.地球物理学报, 2002. 17(3):480~485
[18] Morly, L., Predictive techniques for marine multiple suppression. Ph. D. dissertation,Standford University. 1982.
[19] Wiggins, J.W., Attenuation of complex water-bottom multiple by wave-equation-basedprediction and subtraction. Geophysics, 53, 1527~1539
[20] Dragoset, W.H., and MacKay, S., Surface multiple elimination and subsalt imaging. Expl.Geophys., 1993, 24, 463~472
[21] Verschuur, D.J., and Berkhout A.J., Multiple technology, part 1: Estimation of multiplereflections. 64th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts, 1994,1493~1496
[22] Verschuur, D.J., and Berkhout A.J., and Kelamis, P.G., Estimation of multiple scattering byiterative inversion– partⅡ: examples of marine and land data. 65th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts, 1995, 1470~1473
[23] Carvalho, F.M., Weglein, A.B., and Stolt, R.H., Examples of a non linear inversion methodbased on the Tmatrix of scattering theory: Application to multiple suppression: 61st Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts, 1991, 1319~1322
[24] Carvalho, F.M., Nonlinear inverse scatting for multiple attenuation: Application to real data,PartⅠ: Expanded Abstracts of 62th SEG Mtg., 1992, 1093~1095
[25] Weglein, A.B., Gasparotto, F.A., Carvalho, P.M., and Stolt, R.H., An inverse-scattering seriesmethod for attenuating multiples in seismic reflection data. Geophysics, 1997, 62:1975~1989
[26] Robinson, E.A., Predictive decomposition of time series with applications to seismicexploration. M.I.T. Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge, Mass. 1954
[27] Robinson, E.A., Predictive decomposition of seismic traces. Geophysics, 1957, 22(4): 767~778
[28] Robinson, E.A., and Treitel, S., Principles of digital Wiener filtering. Geophys. Prosp., 1967, 15:311~333
[29] Peacock, K.L., and Treitel, S., Predictive deconvolution: theory and practice, Geophysics, 1969, 34(2):155~169
[30] Morley, L. and Claerbout, J.F., Predictive deconvolution in shot-receiver space, Geophysics, 1983, 48(5):515~531
[31] Taner, M.T., Long-period sea-floor multiples and theirs attenuation. Geophysical Prospecting,1980, 28:30~48
[32] Alam, A., and Austin, J., Multiple attenuation using slant stacks. Tech, Rep., WesternGeophysical Company, 1981
[33] Treitel, S., Gutowski, P.R., and Wagner, D.E., Plane-wave decomposition of seismograms,Geophysics, 1982, 47(10):1375~1401
[34] Canales, L., Random noise reduction, 54th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts, 1984, 715~718
[35]基于模型的地震勘探数据处理系统, 2004,国家版税局,注册号2004SR10521
[36]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.东营:石油大学出版社, 1993. 164~172
[37] Ellsworth, T.P., Multiple Reflections. Geophysics, 1948, 13(1): 1~18
[38] Sheriff, R.E., and Geldart, L.P.,初英等译.勘探地震学.北京:石油工业出版社, 1999. 215~217
[39]董敏煜.地震勘探.东营:石油大学出版社, 2000. 48~52
[40]黄绪德.反褶积与地震道反演.北京:石油工业出版社, 1992. 45~60
[41] Xiutian Wang, Dongming Xia, Jinshan Li, Xiuping Jiang and Qingbing Tang, Model basedprocessing(IV): migration velocity analysis. SEG/Houston 2005 Annual Meeting, SPVA 1.7: 2261-2264
[2]洪菲,胡天跃,张文坡,刘东奇.用优化聚束滤波方法消除低信噪比地震资料中的多次波.地球物理学报, 2004, 47 (6): 1106~1110
[3] Larner, K. L., Optimum weight averaging of seismic data. Western Geophysical Company, 1975
[4] Jones, I. and Levy, S., Signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in multichannel seismic data via the Karhunen-Loeve transform. Geophys. Prosp., 1987, 35, 12~32
[5] Ulrych, T.J., Freire, S.L. and Siston, P., Eigenimage processing of seismic sections. 58thAnn. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstract, 1988, 1261~1265
[6] Yilmaz, O., Velocity-stack processing. Geophysical Prospecting, 1989, 37(4):357~382
[7] Taner, M.T., Simplan-plane-wave stacking. Presented at the 37th Ann. Eur. Assoc. Explor. Geophys. Mtg.
[8] Thorson, R., and Claerbout, J., Velocity-stack and slant-stack stochastic inversion.Geophysics,1985, 50(12):2727~2741
[9] Hampson D., Inverse velocity stacking for multiples estimation. Journal of Canadian Societyof Exploration Geophysicists, 1986, 22(1):44~55
[10] Foster, D. J., and Mosher, C. C., Suppression of multiple reflection using the Radon transform. Geophysics, 1992, 57(3):386~395
[11] Evgeny Landa., Multiple attenuation in Parabolicτ?p domain using wavefront characteristic of multiple generating primaries. Geophysics, 1999, 64(6):1806~1816
[12]张军华,吕宁,雷凌,田连玉,郭见乐.抛物线拉冬变换消除多次波的应用要素分析.石油地球物理勘探, 2004, 39(4):398~405
[13] Hu, T., and White, R.E., Robust multiple suppression using adaptive beamforming. Geophysical Prospecting, 1998, 46:227~248
[14]胡天跃,王润秋, White, R.E.,地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法.地球物理学报, 2000, 43:105~115
[15]胡天跃,王润秋,温书亮.聚束滤波方法消除海上地震资料的多次波.石油地球物理勘探, 2002, 37(1): 18~23
[16]王润秋,胡天跃.用三维聚束滤波方法消除相关噪音.石油地球物理勘探, 2005, 40(1):42~47
[17]牛滨华,沈操,黄新武.波动方程多次波压制技术的进展.地球物理学报, 2002. 17(3):480~485
[18] Morly, L., Predictive techniques for marine multiple suppression. Ph. D. dissertation,Standford University. 1982.
[19] Wiggins, J.W., Attenuation of complex water-bottom multiple by wave-equation-basedprediction and subtraction. Geophysics, 53, 1527~1539
[20] Dragoset, W.H., and MacKay, S., Surface multiple elimination and subsalt imaging. Expl.Geophys., 1993, 24, 463~472
[21] Verschuur, D.J., and Berkhout A.J., Multiple technology, part 1: Estimation of multiplereflections. 64th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts, 1994,1493~1496
[22] Verschuur, D.J., and Berkhout A.J., and Kelamis, P.G., Estimation of multiple scattering byiterative inversion– partⅡ: examples of marine and land data. 65th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts, 1995, 1470~1473
[23] Carvalho, F.M., Weglein, A.B., and Stolt, R.H., Examples of a non linear inversion methodbased on the Tmatrix of scattering theory: Application to multiple suppression: 61st Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts, 1991, 1319~1322
[24] Carvalho, F.M., Nonlinear inverse scatting for multiple attenuation: Application to real data,PartⅠ: Expanded Abstracts of 62th SEG Mtg., 1992, 1093~1095
[25] Weglein, A.B., Gasparotto, F.A., Carvalho, P.M., and Stolt, R.H., An inverse-scattering seriesmethod for attenuating multiples in seismic reflection data. Geophysics, 1997, 62:1975~1989
[26] Robinson, E.A., Predictive decomposition of time series with applications to seismicexploration. M.I.T. Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge, Mass. 1954
[27] Robinson, E.A., Predictive decomposition of seismic traces. Geophysics, 1957, 22(4): 767~778
[28] Robinson, E.A., and Treitel, S., Principles of digital Wiener filtering. Geophys. Prosp., 1967, 15:311~333
[29] Peacock, K.L., and Treitel, S., Predictive deconvolution: theory and practice, Geophysics, 1969, 34(2):155~169
[30] Morley, L. and Claerbout, J.F., Predictive deconvolution in shot-receiver space, Geophysics, 1983, 48(5):515~531
[31] Taner, M.T., Long-period sea-floor multiples and theirs attenuation. Geophysical Prospecting,1980, 28:30~48
[32] Alam, A., and Austin, J., Multiple attenuation using slant stacks. Tech, Rep., WesternGeophysical Company, 1981
[33] Treitel, S., Gutowski, P.R., and Wagner, D.E., Plane-wave decomposition of seismograms,Geophysics, 1982, 47(10):1375~1401
[34] Canales, L., Random noise reduction, 54th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts, 1984, 715~718
[35]基于模型的地震勘探数据处理系统, 2004,国家版税局,注册号2004SR10521
[36]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.东营:石油大学出版社, 1993. 164~172
[37] Ellsworth, T.P., Multiple Reflections. Geophysics, 1948, 13(1): 1~18
[38] Sheriff, R.E., and Geldart, L.P.,初英等译.勘探地震学.北京:石油工业出版社, 1999. 215~217
[39]董敏煜.地震勘探.东营:石油大学出版社, 2000. 48~52
[40]黄绪德.反褶积与地震道反演.北京:石油工业出版社, 1992. 45~60
[41] Xiutian Wang, Dongming Xia, Jinshan Li, Xiuping Jiang and Qingbing Tang, Model basedprocessing(IV): migration velocity analysis. SEG/Houston 2005 Annual Meeting, SPVA 1.7: 2261-2264