集装箱码头泊位调度均衡优化方法研究
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摘要
生产调度的均衡优化方法研究在集装箱码头泊位生产调度领域具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。现有研究大多将尽量减少船舶在港作业时间、提高作业效率作为优化所追求的终极目标,但却没有考虑上述目标可能对港口正常生产造成的诸如设备超负荷运转、人员疲劳作业、野蛮装卸等不利影响。如何在综合考虑时间、成本、质量、安全等诸多因素的基础上对集装箱码头的生产调度进行优化,获得趋于均衡的调度组织方案是该研究领域面临的一大难题。
针对这一难题,本文以保持相对稳定的生产作业节奏为集装箱码头生产调度的优化目标,综合考虑船舶在港时间、装卸成本、装卸质量和安全生产等多方面因素,引入均衡优化和干扰管理等相关理论与方法,重点研究集装箱码头泊位生产调度均衡优化模型、求解算法及其在实践中的应用,开展对集装箱码头调度优化的探索性研究。具体研究工作如下:
(1)集装箱码头泊位生产调度均衡速度优化模型研究。现有调度优化方法单纯追求加快装卸速度、难以克服由此产生的负面效应。为此,本文根据集装箱码头泊位生产作业的基本调度要求,提出“均衡优化”的基本思想,并在此基础上建立了更为贴近集装箱码头泊位生产实际的泊位调度均衡速度优化模型,并通过算例验证了此模型的有效性。
(2)基于干扰管理的泊位生产调度均衡优化模型研究。为提高港口企业生产调度应对突发干扰事件的能力,通过分析集装箱码头泊位生产的特点,对港口企业生产中突发干扰事件进行了分类,在均衡速度优化模型的基础上,建立了基于干扰管理的泊位生产调度均衡优化模型,并通过算例验证了模型的有效性。
(3)集装箱码头泊位生产调度优化算法研究。针对集装箱码头泊位生产调度均衡优化模型计算量大、求解困难的问题,将调度人员的经验与多目标遗传算法有机地结合起来,建立了集装箱码头生产调度智能求解算法,并采用仿真模型对船舶装卸过程中系统各环节的改变所产生的不确定影响进行模拟评价,为求解集装箱码头泊位生产调度这类复杂问题提供一种结合人工经验和机器求解的新途径。
(4)应用研究。
将前述模型和算法应用到实际港口的泊位生产调度上,以中国北方某集装箱码头的泊位生产调度为例,对优化模型和算法的有效性进行了验证。
本项研究所提出的生产调度均衡优化方法,为集装箱码头泊位生产调度提供了一种新工具,进一步拓展了集装箱码头生产调度理论,弥补了现有调度优化方法难以获得趋于均衡的调度组织方案的不足,为集装箱码头泊位生产的均衡调度奠定了基础,该模型所体现的“均衡优化”的思想,为生产调度问题提供了新思路,有利于促进并深化生产调度方法与优化理论的交叉与渗透。其研究成果在生产调度领域具有广阔的应用前景,可以在码头泊位生产调度工作中发挥重要作用。
Tradeoff optimization research of berth scheduling in container terminal is of theoretical and practical significance. In existing researches, limiting the laid time in port and improving operation efficiency are considered as the ultimate goal of optimization. But the adverse effects, such as machines overload, exhausted work and barbarous loading and unloading, are not be considered in these optimization goal. So in this research area it is a difficult problem to get the tradeoff berth scheduling which can consider the time, cost, quality and safety.
To solve the problem, study about the berth scheduling optimization is carried out and a tradeoff optimization model and algorithm, which can consider laid time in port, operation cost, operation quality and operation safety, is built. In this model tradeoff optimization theory and disturbance management are used to hold a stable working the rhythm. The main achievements are as follows:
(1) Study on the tradeoff speed optimization model
It is difficult to consider the negative effects in existing methods for only pursuing the higher speed of ship loading. So according to the practice demand of berth scheduling, an tradeoff speed optimization model with tradeoff optimization thought, which is closer to the practice of ship loading, is put forward.
(2) Study on tradeoff optimization model of berth scheduling based on disturbance management.
To improve the recovery abilities from disturbance of the port management, the disturbances in berth scheduling are classfied through the analysis of the berth operation characteristics. A tradeoff optimization model based on disturbance management is built. And validity of the models is verified through case studies.
(3) Study on tradeoff optimization algorithm of berth scheduling.
To overcome the computeral complexity of tradeoff optimization model of berth scheduling, a tradeoff optimization algorithm of berth scheduling is constructed, which combines the experience of experts with multi-objective GA. A simulation model is adopted to validate the stochastic impacts generated from the changes of the ship loading system. This work provides a new measure to solving the complex berth scheduling problems.
(4) Application of tradeoff optimization method of berth scheduling.
The above tradeoff optimization models and optimization algorithm are applied on the practice of berth scheduling. The validity of this method is supported by the optimization results of port operation.
The tradeoff optimization method of berth scheduling in container terminal, consider the negative effects for only pursuing the higher speed of ship loading,overcomes the shortcomings of existing models and theories, is more closer to the practice of ship loading. The idea of tradeoff optimization, combines the operation scheduling with optimization theory, provide a new way to solve the complex berth scheduling problems. The results of this paper provide the theorical and technical support for the port berth scheduling.
针对这一难题,本文以保持相对稳定的生产作业节奏为集装箱码头生产调度的优化目标,综合考虑船舶在港时间、装卸成本、装卸质量和安全生产等多方面因素,引入均衡优化和干扰管理等相关理论与方法,重点研究集装箱码头泊位生产调度均衡优化模型、求解算法及其在实践中的应用,开展对集装箱码头调度优化的探索性研究。具体研究工作如下:
(1)集装箱码头泊位生产调度均衡速度优化模型研究。现有调度优化方法单纯追求加快装卸速度、难以克服由此产生的负面效应。为此,本文根据集装箱码头泊位生产作业的基本调度要求,提出“均衡优化”的基本思想,并在此基础上建立了更为贴近集装箱码头泊位生产实际的泊位调度均衡速度优化模型,并通过算例验证了此模型的有效性。
(2)基于干扰管理的泊位生产调度均衡优化模型研究。为提高港口企业生产调度应对突发干扰事件的能力,通过分析集装箱码头泊位生产的特点,对港口企业生产中突发干扰事件进行了分类,在均衡速度优化模型的基础上,建立了基于干扰管理的泊位生产调度均衡优化模型,并通过算例验证了模型的有效性。
(3)集装箱码头泊位生产调度优化算法研究。针对集装箱码头泊位生产调度均衡优化模型计算量大、求解困难的问题,将调度人员的经验与多目标遗传算法有机地结合起来,建立了集装箱码头生产调度智能求解算法,并采用仿真模型对船舶装卸过程中系统各环节的改变所产生的不确定影响进行模拟评价,为求解集装箱码头泊位生产调度这类复杂问题提供一种结合人工经验和机器求解的新途径。
(4)应用研究。
将前述模型和算法应用到实际港口的泊位生产调度上,以中国北方某集装箱码头的泊位生产调度为例,对优化模型和算法的有效性进行了验证。
本项研究所提出的生产调度均衡优化方法,为集装箱码头泊位生产调度提供了一种新工具,进一步拓展了集装箱码头生产调度理论,弥补了现有调度优化方法难以获得趋于均衡的调度组织方案的不足,为集装箱码头泊位生产的均衡调度奠定了基础,该模型所体现的“均衡优化”的思想,为生产调度问题提供了新思路,有利于促进并深化生产调度方法与优化理论的交叉与渗透。其研究成果在生产调度领域具有广阔的应用前景,可以在码头泊位生产调度工作中发挥重要作用。
Tradeoff optimization research of berth scheduling in container terminal is of theoretical and practical significance. In existing researches, limiting the laid time in port and improving operation efficiency are considered as the ultimate goal of optimization. But the adverse effects, such as machines overload, exhausted work and barbarous loading and unloading, are not be considered in these optimization goal. So in this research area it is a difficult problem to get the tradeoff berth scheduling which can consider the time, cost, quality and safety.
To solve the problem, study about the berth scheduling optimization is carried out and a tradeoff optimization model and algorithm, which can consider laid time in port, operation cost, operation quality and operation safety, is built. In this model tradeoff optimization theory and disturbance management are used to hold a stable working the rhythm. The main achievements are as follows:
(1) Study on the tradeoff speed optimization model
It is difficult to consider the negative effects in existing methods for only pursuing the higher speed of ship loading. So according to the practice demand of berth scheduling, an tradeoff speed optimization model with tradeoff optimization thought, which is closer to the practice of ship loading, is put forward.
(2) Study on tradeoff optimization model of berth scheduling based on disturbance management.
To improve the recovery abilities from disturbance of the port management, the disturbances in berth scheduling are classfied through the analysis of the berth operation characteristics. A tradeoff optimization model based on disturbance management is built. And validity of the models is verified through case studies.
(3) Study on tradeoff optimization algorithm of berth scheduling.
To overcome the computeral complexity of tradeoff optimization model of berth scheduling, a tradeoff optimization algorithm of berth scheduling is constructed, which combines the experience of experts with multi-objective GA. A simulation model is adopted to validate the stochastic impacts generated from the changes of the ship loading system. This work provides a new measure to solving the complex berth scheduling problems.
(4) Application of tradeoff optimization method of berth scheduling.
The above tradeoff optimization models and optimization algorithm are applied on the practice of berth scheduling. The validity of this method is supported by the optimization results of port operation.
The tradeoff optimization method of berth scheduling in container terminal, consider the negative effects for only pursuing the higher speed of ship loading,overcomes the shortcomings of existing models and theories, is more closer to the practice of ship loading. The idea of tradeoff optimization, combines the operation scheduling with optimization theory, provide a new way to solve the complex berth scheduling problems. The results of this paper provide the theorical and technical support for the port berth scheduling.
引文
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