智能社区运行模式的分析研究
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摘要
分布式发电是一种新兴的能源利用方式,具有投资小、发电方式灵活、损耗低、利于环保等优点。大量分布式电源的接入,给电网带来了一定的不良影响。微电网是为协调大电网与分布式电源间的矛盾而提出的。微电网将分布式电源、负荷、储能装置及控制装置等结合,形成一个单一可控的单元,同时向用户供给电能。微网对于保障供电可靠性、提高能量利用效率等有独到的优势,但是也存在电能质量、对主网的冲击等问题。储能技术和MAS的发展为此问题的解决提供了一种新的方式。储能技术可以进一步改善微网的运行特性,对微网稳定高效运行有重要意义。MAS拥有自主性、交互性、高效性等优点,能更好的适应主电网和微电网之间的协调控制和优化。
本文首先介绍了微网中几种重要的分布式电源,如风力发电机、光伏发电、燃料电池、以及储能等,分析了它们对电网的影响。其次,本文建立了微电网中换流器的数学模型,介绍了微电网中换流器的各种控制方式。在前面工作的基础上,在PSCAD/EMTDC中建立了风力发电机、光伏发电、储能以及换流器的仿真模型,重点对风力发电机的功率输出和光伏发电的最大功率输出控制,还有储能的功率控制和V/f控制进行建模和分析。把建立的分布式电源仿真模型加入典型微电网结构中,通过仿真研究储能在微网并网运行模式、孤岛运行模式下的动态运行特性,进而研究储能对微网运行的作用机理。仿真结果表明,储能能快速为系统提供有功、无功支撑,在微网电压频率调节、平抑系统扰动、保障微网稳定运行方面发挥重要的作用。此外,本文提出了以上级电网Agent、微电网Agent、元件Agent组成的三层多代理控制系统,并对底层Agent控制方式在含储能的微电网中的应用进行了设计和仿真验证。
Distributed Generation (DG) is a new style of energy use, with the advantage of low-cost , flexible way of generation, less consuming, environment friendly, etc. Assessments of a large number of DG cause certain adverse effects. Micro-grid was raised for coordinating the conflict between the grid and DG. Micro-grid combines DG, load, energy storage and control device in order to form a single controllable unit for supplying power to user. Micro-grid have unique advantages in the aspect of protecting power supply and improving efficiency of energy use, etc, however it also have some disadvantages, such as the power quality, impact to the main grid, etc. The development of energy storage technology and MAS provide a new way to solve this problem. Energy storage technology can further improve the operational characteristics and has significance of operating Micro-grid stable and efficiently. MAS has the advantages of autonomy, interactivity, efficiency, etc, and can adapt better to the coordinated control and optimization between main grid and Micro-grid.
In this paper, several important types of DG in Micro-grid were introduced firstly, for instance, wind turbine generation, photovoltaic generation, fuel cell generation, energy storage etc, and their influences to grid were also analysed. Second, a mathematical model of the inverter in Micro-grid was established and the ways of controlling the inverter was also presented. On the basis of the preview work, the simulation model of wind turbine generation, photovoltaic generation, energy storage and inverter was built in PSCAD/EMTDC, focusing on simulation and analysis of the control of output of wind turbine generation and maximum output of photovoltaic generation, and the control of PQ and V/F of energy storage. By implementing DG into typical Micro-grid for analysing the dynamic operating characteristics of energy storage in grid connection mode and islanding mode, the mechanism of energy storage to the operation of Micro-grid was studied. The results of the simulation show that energy storage has important effects on supporting grid with active, reactive power quickly, adjusting V/f, stabilizing grid, ensuring Micro-grid operation stable. In addition, the three stage multi-agent control system consisting of main grid agent, Micro-grid agent and component agent was proposed in this paper, and design the control mode of component agent, then simulate to validate it in Micro-gird with energy storage.
本文首先介绍了微网中几种重要的分布式电源,如风力发电机、光伏发电、燃料电池、以及储能等,分析了它们对电网的影响。其次,本文建立了微电网中换流器的数学模型,介绍了微电网中换流器的各种控制方式。在前面工作的基础上,在PSCAD/EMTDC中建立了风力发电机、光伏发电、储能以及换流器的仿真模型,重点对风力发电机的功率输出和光伏发电的最大功率输出控制,还有储能的功率控制和V/f控制进行建模和分析。把建立的分布式电源仿真模型加入典型微电网结构中,通过仿真研究储能在微网并网运行模式、孤岛运行模式下的动态运行特性,进而研究储能对微网运行的作用机理。仿真结果表明,储能能快速为系统提供有功、无功支撑,在微网电压频率调节、平抑系统扰动、保障微网稳定运行方面发挥重要的作用。此外,本文提出了以上级电网Agent、微电网Agent、元件Agent组成的三层多代理控制系统,并对底层Agent控制方式在含储能的微电网中的应用进行了设计和仿真验证。
Distributed Generation (DG) is a new style of energy use, with the advantage of low-cost , flexible way of generation, less consuming, environment friendly, etc. Assessments of a large number of DG cause certain adverse effects. Micro-grid was raised for coordinating the conflict between the grid and DG. Micro-grid combines DG, load, energy storage and control device in order to form a single controllable unit for supplying power to user. Micro-grid have unique advantages in the aspect of protecting power supply and improving efficiency of energy use, etc, however it also have some disadvantages, such as the power quality, impact to the main grid, etc. The development of energy storage technology and MAS provide a new way to solve this problem. Energy storage technology can further improve the operational characteristics and has significance of operating Micro-grid stable and efficiently. MAS has the advantages of autonomy, interactivity, efficiency, etc, and can adapt better to the coordinated control and optimization between main grid and Micro-grid.
In this paper, several important types of DG in Micro-grid were introduced firstly, for instance, wind turbine generation, photovoltaic generation, fuel cell generation, energy storage etc, and their influences to grid were also analysed. Second, a mathematical model of the inverter in Micro-grid was established and the ways of controlling the inverter was also presented. On the basis of the preview work, the simulation model of wind turbine generation, photovoltaic generation, energy storage and inverter was built in PSCAD/EMTDC, focusing on simulation and analysis of the control of output of wind turbine generation and maximum output of photovoltaic generation, and the control of PQ and V/F of energy storage. By implementing DG into typical Micro-grid for analysing the dynamic operating characteristics of energy storage in grid connection mode and islanding mode, the mechanism of energy storage to the operation of Micro-grid was studied. The results of the simulation show that energy storage has important effects on supporting grid with active, reactive power quickly, adjusting V/f, stabilizing grid, ensuring Micro-grid operation stable. In addition, the three stage multi-agent control system consisting of main grid agent, Micro-grid agent and component agent was proposed in this paper, and design the control mode of component agent, then simulate to validate it in Micro-gird with energy storage.
引文
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