基于柔性直流中级联型模块化多电平换流器控制技术研究
摘要
柔性直流输电技术是利用全控型电力电子器件输送电能的新型输电技术,柔性直流输电对于解决孤岛送电、新型能源接入电网、大电网互联、城市环网等领域具有重大意义,因此需要对柔性直流输电技术进行深入研究。
本文主要研究了柔性直流输电技术和级联型多电平模块化结构换流器的基本工作原理、拓扑结构和控制策略。分析了级联型模块化多电平拓扑结构,并且阐述了其调制方式及其控制方法、通过仿真软件验证级联型拓扑结构应用在直流输电领域的可行性。级联型模块化多电平结构为柔性直流输电系统中一种MMC拓扑结构。该结构能够满足有功功率与无功功率解耦独立控制、黑启动、多端传输的功能。本文针对该结构控制方式的两个重要环节——脉冲调制方式的选择与系统级控制方法,进行了深入的研究和讨论。本文首先对目前柔性直流输电换流器结构进行对比分析,其中包括两电平与多电平及模块化拓扑结构与调制方式。其次,详细分析了级联型拓扑结构的工作原理、调制方式与电容参数的设计及电容电压平衡控制方法。然后对其换流站进行建模与仿真验证控制方式的正确性。
本文阐述了目前各种柔性直流输电实际工程项目中的换流站拓扑结构,并比较了不同拓扑结构的优缺点以及使用特点等,重点分析了级联型模块化多电平换流器拓扑结构,并通过对级联型模块化多电平换流器模型的仿真,验证级联型换流器的可行性,它的输出电压电流波形更接近正弦波,在相同的开关器件条件下,大大降低了谐波污染。对级联型模块化多电平换流器进行了系统级与换流站级控制分析,详细论述在无源网络供电情况下的控制策略研究,并对其进行模型仿真。进一步验证级联型模块化多电平拓扑结构的可行性。
VSC-HVDC(Voltage Source Converter-High Voltage Direct Current) transmission technology is the use of full-controlled power electronic devices conveying new electricity transmission and distribution technology。For solving the island power transmission, the field of new energy grid access, grid interconnection and urban ring network, VSC-HVDC is a great significance to study.
In this paper, VSC-HVDC transmission technology and multi-level modular for the study of the basic working principle of the converter topology and control strategy to study the MMC topology, and described its control method and modulation mode, verify the feasibility of its application. This structure is VSC-HVDC transmission system half-bridge MMC on the basis of a new development, the structure can meet the decoupling of active and reactive power control, black start, multiport transfer function. In this paper, two important aspects of the structural control of the way-the choice of modulation mode and capacitor voltage balance control method, conducted in-depth study and discussion. First, comparative analysis of the existing VSC-HVDC structure, including a two-level and multi-level structure. Secondly, detailed analysis the working principle of the structure modulation with Capacitance voltage balance control strategies. Its system-level simulation, and control to meet the stability of the rectifier side and inverter side.
This paper, the structure of specific technical theoretical elaboration and simulation studies, including VSC-HVDC transmission technology, PWM modulation technique, cascaded H-bridge multi-level modular inverter control strategy. MATLAB simulation of the above-mentioned technical result proved the correctness and feasibility of the system structure and control methods.
本文主要研究了柔性直流输电技术和级联型多电平模块化结构换流器的基本工作原理、拓扑结构和控制策略。分析了级联型模块化多电平拓扑结构,并且阐述了其调制方式及其控制方法、通过仿真软件验证级联型拓扑结构应用在直流输电领域的可行性。级联型模块化多电平结构为柔性直流输电系统中一种MMC拓扑结构。该结构能够满足有功功率与无功功率解耦独立控制、黑启动、多端传输的功能。本文针对该结构控制方式的两个重要环节——脉冲调制方式的选择与系统级控制方法,进行了深入的研究和讨论。本文首先对目前柔性直流输电换流器结构进行对比分析,其中包括两电平与多电平及模块化拓扑结构与调制方式。其次,详细分析了级联型拓扑结构的工作原理、调制方式与电容参数的设计及电容电压平衡控制方法。然后对其换流站进行建模与仿真验证控制方式的正确性。
本文阐述了目前各种柔性直流输电实际工程项目中的换流站拓扑结构,并比较了不同拓扑结构的优缺点以及使用特点等,重点分析了级联型模块化多电平换流器拓扑结构,并通过对级联型模块化多电平换流器模型的仿真,验证级联型换流器的可行性,它的输出电压电流波形更接近正弦波,在相同的开关器件条件下,大大降低了谐波污染。对级联型模块化多电平换流器进行了系统级与换流站级控制分析,详细论述在无源网络供电情况下的控制策略研究,并对其进行模型仿真。进一步验证级联型模块化多电平拓扑结构的可行性。
VSC-HVDC(Voltage Source Converter-High Voltage Direct Current) transmission technology is the use of full-controlled power electronic devices conveying new electricity transmission and distribution technology。For solving the island power transmission, the field of new energy grid access, grid interconnection and urban ring network, VSC-HVDC is a great significance to study.
In this paper, VSC-HVDC transmission technology and multi-level modular for the study of the basic working principle of the converter topology and control strategy to study the MMC topology, and described its control method and modulation mode, verify the feasibility of its application. This structure is VSC-HVDC transmission system half-bridge MMC on the basis of a new development, the structure can meet the decoupling of active and reactive power control, black start, multiport transfer function. In this paper, two important aspects of the structural control of the way-the choice of modulation mode and capacitor voltage balance control method, conducted in-depth study and discussion. First, comparative analysis of the existing VSC-HVDC structure, including a two-level and multi-level structure. Secondly, detailed analysis the working principle of the structure modulation with Capacitance voltage balance control strategies. Its system-level simulation, and control to meet the stability of the rectifier side and inverter side.
This paper, the structure of specific technical theoretical elaboration and simulation studies, including VSC-HVDC transmission technology, PWM modulation technique, cascaded H-bridge multi-level modular inverter control strategy. MATLAB simulation of the above-mentioned technical result proved the correctness and feasibility of the system structure and control methods.
引文
[1]张桂斌,徐政,王广柱.基于VSC的直流输电系统的稳态建模及其非线性控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(1)：17-22.
[2]尹明,李庚银,牛同义,等VSC-HVDC连续时间状态空间模型及其控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(18)：34-39.
[3]郑超,周孝信.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电小信号动态建模及其阻尼控制器设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(2)：7-12.
[4]胡兆庆,毛承雄,陆继明.一种新的优化协调控制在轻型直流输电中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8)：41-49.
[5]郑超,汤涌,马世英,等.基于等效仿真模型的VSC-HVDC次同步振荡阻尼特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(31)：33-39.
[6]Thomas J L, Poulain S, Benchaib A. Analysis of a robust DC-bus voltage control system for a VSC transmission scheme[C]. Seventh International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission, London, U.K.,2001:119-124.
[7]Zhang Guibin, Xu Zheng, Shao Wei. Research on the control and simulation of HVDC-VSC[C]. Proceedings of International Conference on Power System, Wuhan, China,2001: 371-375.
[8]郑超,周孝信,李若梅,等VSC-HVDC稳态特性与潮流算法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(6)：1-5.
[9]陈海荣,徐政.向无源网络供电的VSC-HVDC系统的控制器设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(23)：42-48.
[10]J. Soderstrom. It's time to connect-Technical description of HVDC Light technology[R]. Ludvika, Swe: ABB Corp, 2005.
[11]林磊,邹云屏,钟和清,等.二极管箝位型三电平逆变器控制系统研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(15)：33-39.
[12]宋强,刘文华,严干贵,等.基于零序电压注入的三电平NPC逆变器中点电位平衡控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(5)：57-62.
[13]王广柱.二极管箝位型多电平逆变器直流侧电容电压不平衡机理的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(12)：111-117.
[14]严干贵,刘文华,陈远华,等.悬浮电容多电平逆变器的通用PWM控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(6)：35-40.
[15]王小峰,何湘宁,邓焰.载波交叠特性PWM方法在飞跨电容多电平逆变器中的应用研究 [J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(10)：98-102.
[16]吴洪洋,何湘宁.级联型多电平变换器PWM控制方法的仿真研究[J]中国电机工程学报,2001,21(8)：42-46.
[17]李建林,赵栋利,赵斌,等.载波相移SPWM级联H型变流器及其在有源电力滤波器中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10)：109-113.
[18]江友华,曹以龙,龚幼民.基于载波相移角度的级联型多电平变频器输出性能的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(1)：76-81.
[19]J. Dorn, H. Huang, and D. Retzmann, "Novel voltage source converters for HVDC and FACTS applications," in Conf. CIGRE Symposium, Osaka, 2007, CD-ROM.
[20]A. Lesnicar, R. Marquardt. An innovative modular multilevel converter topology suitable for a wide power range[C]. IEEE Power Tech Conference, Bologna, Italy, 2003.
[21]姜旭,肖湘宁,赵洋,等.改进的多电平SVPWM及其广义算法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(4)：90-95.
[22]David Cox, John Little, Donal O'Shea. IDEALS, VARIETIES, AND ALGORITHMS An Introduction to Computational Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra, second edition[M]. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1996.
[2]尹明,李庚银,牛同义,等VSC-HVDC连续时间状态空间模型及其控制策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(18)：34-39.
[3]郑超,周孝信.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电小信号动态建模及其阻尼控制器设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(2)：7-12.
[4]胡兆庆,毛承雄,陆继明.一种新的优化协调控制在轻型直流输电中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8)：41-49.
[5]郑超,汤涌,马世英,等.基于等效仿真模型的VSC-HVDC次同步振荡阻尼特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(31)：33-39.
[6]Thomas J L, Poulain S, Benchaib A. Analysis of a robust DC-bus voltage control system for a VSC transmission scheme[C]. Seventh International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission, London, U.K.,2001:119-124.
[7]Zhang Guibin, Xu Zheng, Shao Wei. Research on the control and simulation of HVDC-VSC[C]. Proceedings of International Conference on Power System, Wuhan, China,2001: 371-375.
[8]郑超,周孝信,李若梅,等VSC-HVDC稳态特性与潮流算法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(6)：1-5.
[9]陈海荣,徐政.向无源网络供电的VSC-HVDC系统的控制器设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(23)：42-48.
[10]J. Soderstrom. It's time to connect-Technical description of HVDC Light technology[R]. Ludvika, Swe: ABB Corp, 2005.
[11]林磊,邹云屏,钟和清,等.二极管箝位型三电平逆变器控制系统研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(15)：33-39.
[12]宋强,刘文华,严干贵,等.基于零序电压注入的三电平NPC逆变器中点电位平衡控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(5)：57-62.
[13]王广柱.二极管箝位型多电平逆变器直流侧电容电压不平衡机理的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(12)：111-117.
[14]严干贵,刘文华,陈远华,等.悬浮电容多电平逆变器的通用PWM控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(6)：35-40.
[15]王小峰,何湘宁,邓焰.载波交叠特性PWM方法在飞跨电容多电平逆变器中的应用研究 [J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(10)：98-102.
[16]吴洪洋,何湘宁.级联型多电平变换器PWM控制方法的仿真研究[J]中国电机工程学报,2001,21(8)：42-46.
[17]李建林,赵栋利,赵斌,等.载波相移SPWM级联H型变流器及其在有源电力滤波器中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(10)：109-113.
[18]江友华,曹以龙,龚幼民.基于载波相移角度的级联型多电平变频器输出性能的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(1)：76-81.
[19]J. Dorn, H. Huang, and D. Retzmann, "Novel voltage source converters for HVDC and FACTS applications," in Conf. CIGRE Symposium, Osaka, 2007, CD-ROM.
[20]A. Lesnicar, R. Marquardt. An innovative modular multilevel converter topology suitable for a wide power range[C]. IEEE Power Tech Conference, Bologna, Italy, 2003.
[21]姜旭,肖湘宁,赵洋,等.改进的多电平SVPWM及其广义算法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(4)：90-95.
[22]David Cox, John Little, Donal O'Shea. IDEALS, VARIETIES, AND ALGORITHMS An Introduction to Computational Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra, second edition[M]. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1996.