指纹识别几个关键技术研究及其在EFI中的应用
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摘要
近年来,随着全球经济和信息技术的不断发展,安全问题日益突出,越来越多的领域需要可靠的身份识别。生物识别技术为此提供了一种解决方案,而自动指纹识别技术凭借其唯一、稳定、安全等特点成为其中的最佳选择之一。
针对识别速度慢、识别率低等问题,本文对指纹识别算法进行了重点研究并做了相关改进,完成了一套切实可行的算法,同时,将其应用于基于EFI的计算机开机身份验证。算法方面的改进具体体现在以下几方面:
(1)为了避免质量过差的指纹图像的输入,本文引进指纹质量评估体系,这样有效提高了系统的识别效能。
(2)奇异点在指纹匹配中有重要作用,本文引入了奇异点的检测,设计了基于奇异点的粗匹配,提高了系统的识别率和平均识别速度。
(3)在预处理时,对基于Gabor滤波器的增强算法加以改进,在保证增强效果的前提下减少了该步骤的时间消耗;细化方面将快速细化算法和改进的OPTA细化算法有机结合,采用新模板,使得指纹细化更彻底;去除指纹伪特征时进行自动阈值的选取,提高了算法的通用性。
(4)在匹配过程中,使用粗匹配、方向匹配和细节匹配相结合的多级匹配算法,对不同的指纹采用不同的匹配方法;在确定两幅指纹图像是否匹配时采用复合判定法。实验结果表明,该算法在识别率和识别速度方面都取得了相对令人满意的效果,但该算法对指纹位置有一定要求。
本文的项目背景是设计基于EFI的指纹识别应用系统。本文对EFI驱动模型进行了重点研究,实现了采集指纹和指纹识别的驱动程序开发,成功地应用了该项新技术,具有当今基于EFI层面产品开发的前沿技术水平。
Recently, with the development of continuous development of the globaleconomy and information technology, security precautions have also becomeincreasingly prominent in recent years. Operations of more and more fields depend onidentification technology. Biometric technology provides significant solutions, andautomated fingerprint identification is one of the best options because of itsuniqueness, permanence and safety.
In order to solve problems of slow speed and low rate of recognition, this paperfocus on the research on fingerprint recognition algorithms and proposes correlativeimprovements, finally finishes a whole set of practical algorithm. At the same time,this algorithm is applied to the computer boot authentication based on EFI.Improvements of the algorithm consist of the following main contents:
(1) In order to avoid inputting those images with too low quality, this paperintroduces fingerprint quality evaluation system, as a result the performance of thesystem is improved.
(2) Singular point is very important for fingerprint matching. This paperintroduces singular point detection and designs rough matching based on singularpoint, so as to improve rate and average speed of recognition.
(3) In preprocessing part, fingerprint enhancement algorithm based on Gaborfilter is improved to reduce its consuming time under the premiss of ensuringenhancement effect. In thinning aspect, this paper makes the result closer to thefingerprint grain line center by integrating the rapid thinning algorithm and theimproved OPTA thinning algorithm. Automatic threshold is used while eliminatingfalse features for fingerprint, so as to make the algorithm more universal.
(4) In the process of matching, this paper uses the multi-hierarchy matchingmatching of the integration of the rough matching,the direction matching and thedetail matching; in order to determine whether two fingerprint images are matching,the multiple determination method is used. The experimental results show that thealgorithm acquires a relatively satisfactory result in aspects of recognition rate andrecognition speed.
The fingerprint recognition system based on EFI is designed and applied in this paper. This paper focus on studying EFI driver model, implements drivers offingerprint capture and fingerprint identification, and applies the new technology onthis project successfully. The project presents the high level in the area of productsbased on EFI.
针对识别速度慢、识别率低等问题,本文对指纹识别算法进行了重点研究并做了相关改进,完成了一套切实可行的算法,同时,将其应用于基于EFI的计算机开机身份验证。算法方面的改进具体体现在以下几方面:
(1)为了避免质量过差的指纹图像的输入,本文引进指纹质量评估体系,这样有效提高了系统的识别效能。
(2)奇异点在指纹匹配中有重要作用,本文引入了奇异点的检测,设计了基于奇异点的粗匹配,提高了系统的识别率和平均识别速度。
(3)在预处理时,对基于Gabor滤波器的增强算法加以改进,在保证增强效果的前提下减少了该步骤的时间消耗;细化方面将快速细化算法和改进的OPTA细化算法有机结合,采用新模板,使得指纹细化更彻底;去除指纹伪特征时进行自动阈值的选取,提高了算法的通用性。
(4)在匹配过程中,使用粗匹配、方向匹配和细节匹配相结合的多级匹配算法,对不同的指纹采用不同的匹配方法;在确定两幅指纹图像是否匹配时采用复合判定法。实验结果表明,该算法在识别率和识别速度方面都取得了相对令人满意的效果,但该算法对指纹位置有一定要求。
本文的项目背景是设计基于EFI的指纹识别应用系统。本文对EFI驱动模型进行了重点研究,实现了采集指纹和指纹识别的驱动程序开发,成功地应用了该项新技术,具有当今基于EFI层面产品开发的前沿技术水平。
Recently, with the development of continuous development of the globaleconomy and information technology, security precautions have also becomeincreasingly prominent in recent years. Operations of more and more fields depend onidentification technology. Biometric technology provides significant solutions, andautomated fingerprint identification is one of the best options because of itsuniqueness, permanence and safety.
In order to solve problems of slow speed and low rate of recognition, this paperfocus on the research on fingerprint recognition algorithms and proposes correlativeimprovements, finally finishes a whole set of practical algorithm. At the same time,this algorithm is applied to the computer boot authentication based on EFI.Improvements of the algorithm consist of the following main contents:
(1) In order to avoid inputting those images with too low quality, this paperintroduces fingerprint quality evaluation system, as a result the performance of thesystem is improved.
(2) Singular point is very important for fingerprint matching. This paperintroduces singular point detection and designs rough matching based on singularpoint, so as to improve rate and average speed of recognition.
(3) In preprocessing part, fingerprint enhancement algorithm based on Gaborfilter is improved to reduce its consuming time under the premiss of ensuringenhancement effect. In thinning aspect, this paper makes the result closer to thefingerprint grain line center by integrating the rapid thinning algorithm and theimproved OPTA thinning algorithm. Automatic threshold is used while eliminatingfalse features for fingerprint, so as to make the algorithm more universal.
(4) In the process of matching, this paper uses the multi-hierarchy matchingmatching of the integration of the rough matching,the direction matching and thedetail matching; in order to determine whether two fingerprint images are matching,the multiple determination method is used. The experimental results show that thealgorithm acquires a relatively satisfactory result in aspects of recognition rate andrecognition speed.
The fingerprint recognition system based on EFI is designed and applied in this paper. This paper focus on studying EFI driver model, implements drivers offingerprint capture and fingerprint identification, and applies the new technology onthis project successfully. The project presents the high level in the area of productsbased on EFI.
引文
[1]梅中玲,生物识别技术及其应用,中国人民公安大学学报(自然科学版),2008,2:81~84
[2]张建梅,指纹识别技术及产品的开发应用,中国科技信息,2007,(21):132~133
[3]张佩强,指纹识别匹配算法法研究:[硕士学位论文],北京,北京交通大学,2007
[4]曾建一,指纹识别技术的研究,自动化技术与应用,2007,26(8):74~76
[5]苏彦华,Visual C++数字图像识别技术典型案例,北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,123~218
[6]聂鹏,耿文波,指纹识别技术浅谈,电脑知识与技术,2008,(26):1422~1423
[7]E Lim, X Jiang and W Yau, Fingerprintmt Quality and Vality Analysis, IEEE ICIP,2002: 871~875
[8]赵金辉等,指纹图像质量评价方法研究,计算机工程与设计,2006,26(8):52~75
[9]赵伟,指纹图像的预处理和细化算法研究:[硕士学位论文],重庆,重庆大学,2007
[10]祝翠琴,针对固态指纹传感器的图像质量评估方法,计算机工程与应用,2003,16:102~104
[11]Mehtre B M, Murthy N N, and Kapoor S, Segmentation of fingerprint imageausing the directional image, Pattern Recognition, 1987, 20(4):429~435
[12]沈伟,陈霞,指纹图像奇异点提取的一种鲁棒方法,计算机工程,2003,29(2):45~48
[13]傅德胜,王水平,李仕强,指纹中心自动定位诸方法研究及应用,计算机应用与软件,2004,21(13):28~32
[14]Bazen AM, Gerez S H, Systematic methods for the computation of the directionalfileds and singular points of fingerprints[J], IEEE Trans on pattern Analysis andMachine Intelligence, 2006, 24(7):905~918
[15]Kawagoe M,TojoA, Fingerprint pattern classification [J], Pattern Recognition,2008, 17(3):295~303
[16]Ramo P, Tico M, Onnia V, Optimized singular point detection algorithm forfingerprint images[J], Proceedings of 2001 International Conference on ImageProcessing, 2001, 3(10):242~245
[17]Verma M R, Majumdar A K, Chatterjee B, Edge detection in fingerprint[J],Pattern Recognition, 1987, 20(5):513~523
[18]O,Gorman L, Nickerson J V, An approach to fingerprint filter design[J], PatternRecognition, 1989, 22(1):29~38
[19]Lin Hong,YifeiWang,Anil Jain, Fingerprint Image Enhancement, IEEETransactions on PatternAnalysis and Machine Intelligence, 1998, 20(8): 777~789
[20]Chin R T, Wan H K, Stover D L, A one-pass thinning algorithm and its parallelimplementation, ComputerVision Graphics Image Processing, 1987, 40(1): 30~40
[21]唐为方,陈旭,周大军,两种常用指纹图像细化算法的改进[J],山东轻工业学院学报,2005,19(1):26~29
[22]赵娟,一种改进模板的OPTA细化算法,微计算机信息,2008,24(21):215~216,230
[23]王晶,李景萃,指纹图像快速细化的改进算法及其应用,仪器仪表学报,2008,29(7):1535~1539
[24]EsPinosa-Duro, V, Fingcrprint Thining Aigoritbm, AerosPace and ElectronicSystem magazine, IEEE, 2007, 9(18):28~30
[25] Maio D, Maltoni D, Direct gray-scale minutiae detection in fingerprints [J],IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine lntelligenece, 1997, 19(1):27~40
[26]Xiao Qinghan, RAAFAT Hazem, Fingerprint image postprocessing:A combinedstatistical and structural approach[J], Pattern Recognition, 1991, 24(10):985~992
[27]Ratha N K, CHEN S, JAIN A K, Adaptive flow orientation-based featureextraction in fingerprint image [J], Pattern Recognition, I995, 28(11):1657~1672
[28]Wang Jianyong, GUO Chengan, An Elimination Algorithm of False Features forFingerprints Based on Local Structural Information [J], Journal of Image andGraphics, 2003, 8(I2):1467~I474
[29]Amengual J C, Juan A, Real-time minutiae extraction in fingerprint images, IEEEconference Publication, 2007, 2:871~875
[30]廖开阳,张学东,章明珠等,指纹图像细节点及显著特征的提取,计算机应用,2008,28(9):2312~2314
[31]Aguilar G, Sanchez, Fingerprint Recognition. Internet and Protection, 2007, 18:31~32
[32]田鹏,指纹识别技术的研究,科学技术与工程,2007,7(4):4765~4768
[33]余松煜,周源华,吴时光,数字图像处理,北京:电子工业出版社,1987
[34]Lewis R, Practical Digital Image Processing, Britain: Ellis Horwood, 2000
[35]姜聃,宣国荣,杨程云,基于JPEG2000实时量化水印和指纹识别的身份认证系统,计算机应用,2005,25(8):1750~1752
[36]漆远,田捷,邓翔,基于遗传算法的指纹图匹配算法及应用,软件学报,2000,11(4):488~493
[37]Starink J P, Backer E, Finding Point Correspondences Using Simulated Annealing,Pattern Recognition: 2005, 28(2):231~240
[38]张国兵,王彦芳,刘永军,基于DHNN人工神经网络的指纹识别技术,航空计算技术,2001,31(3):1~2
[39]Chang S H, Cheng F H, Hsu W H, Fast Algorithm for Point Pattern Matching:Invariant to Translations, Rotations and Scale Changes, Pattern Recognition, 2007,30(2):321~339
[40]Jain A K, Hong L, Bolle R. On-Line Fingerprint Verification, IEEE Transactionson PatternAnalysis and Machine Intelligence, 2008, 19(4): 302~314
[41]Hrechak A K, Mchugh J A, Automated fingerprint recognition using structuralmatching, Pattern Recognition, 2000, 23(8):893~904
[42]Intel Corporation, Extensible Firmware Interface Specification. Version 1.10,2002
[43]吴松青,王典洪,基于UEFI的Application和Driver的分析和开发,计算机应用软件,2007,24(2):14~16
[44]辛晓晨,高瞻,EFI Pre Boot Application开发,电脑编程技巧与维护,2008,(11):69~72
[45]刘泽申,王翔,PC新中枢―EFI技术浅析,大众硬件,2006,(12):103~106
[46]倪志欣,如何有力支持EFI平台,中国计算机报,2006,(3):26~28
[47]Intel Corporation, EFI DriverWriter's Guide, Version 1.10,http://developer.intel.com/technology/efi/, 2004
[48]Intel Corporation, EFI Developer Kit (EDK)Getting Started Guide, Version 0.41,http://developer.intel.com/technology/efi/, 2005
[49]Intel Corporation, Unified Extensible Firmware Interface Specification, Version2.0, http://www.uefi.org/agreement.php, 2006
[2]张建梅,指纹识别技术及产品的开发应用,中国科技信息,2007,(21):132~133
[3]张佩强,指纹识别匹配算法法研究:[硕士学位论文],北京,北京交通大学,2007
[4]曾建一,指纹识别技术的研究,自动化技术与应用,2007,26(8):74~76
[5]苏彦华,Visual C++数字图像识别技术典型案例,北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,123~218
[6]聂鹏,耿文波,指纹识别技术浅谈,电脑知识与技术,2008,(26):1422~1423
[7]E Lim, X Jiang and W Yau, Fingerprintmt Quality and Vality Analysis, IEEE ICIP,2002: 871~875
[8]赵金辉等,指纹图像质量评价方法研究,计算机工程与设计,2006,26(8):52~75
[9]赵伟,指纹图像的预处理和细化算法研究:[硕士学位论文],重庆,重庆大学,2007
[10]祝翠琴,针对固态指纹传感器的图像质量评估方法,计算机工程与应用,2003,16:102~104
[11]Mehtre B M, Murthy N N, and Kapoor S, Segmentation of fingerprint imageausing the directional image, Pattern Recognition, 1987, 20(4):429~435
[12]沈伟,陈霞,指纹图像奇异点提取的一种鲁棒方法,计算机工程,2003,29(2):45~48
[13]傅德胜,王水平,李仕强,指纹中心自动定位诸方法研究及应用,计算机应用与软件,2004,21(13):28~32
[14]Bazen AM, Gerez S H, Systematic methods for the computation of the directionalfileds and singular points of fingerprints[J], IEEE Trans on pattern Analysis andMachine Intelligence, 2006, 24(7):905~918
[15]Kawagoe M,TojoA, Fingerprint pattern classification [J], Pattern Recognition,2008, 17(3):295~303
[16]Ramo P, Tico M, Onnia V, Optimized singular point detection algorithm forfingerprint images[J], Proceedings of 2001 International Conference on ImageProcessing, 2001, 3(10):242~245
[17]Verma M R, Majumdar A K, Chatterjee B, Edge detection in fingerprint[J],Pattern Recognition, 1987, 20(5):513~523
[18]O,Gorman L, Nickerson J V, An approach to fingerprint filter design[J], PatternRecognition, 1989, 22(1):29~38
[19]Lin Hong,YifeiWang,Anil Jain, Fingerprint Image Enhancement, IEEETransactions on PatternAnalysis and Machine Intelligence, 1998, 20(8): 777~789
[20]Chin R T, Wan H K, Stover D L, A one-pass thinning algorithm and its parallelimplementation, ComputerVision Graphics Image Processing, 1987, 40(1): 30~40
[21]唐为方,陈旭,周大军,两种常用指纹图像细化算法的改进[J],山东轻工业学院学报,2005,19(1):26~29
[22]赵娟,一种改进模板的OPTA细化算法,微计算机信息,2008,24(21):215~216,230
[23]王晶,李景萃,指纹图像快速细化的改进算法及其应用,仪器仪表学报,2008,29(7):1535~1539
[24]EsPinosa-Duro, V, Fingcrprint Thining Aigoritbm, AerosPace and ElectronicSystem magazine, IEEE, 2007, 9(18):28~30
[25] Maio D, Maltoni D, Direct gray-scale minutiae detection in fingerprints [J],IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine lntelligenece, 1997, 19(1):27~40
[26]Xiao Qinghan, RAAFAT Hazem, Fingerprint image postprocessing:A combinedstatistical and structural approach[J], Pattern Recognition, 1991, 24(10):985~992
[27]Ratha N K, CHEN S, JAIN A K, Adaptive flow orientation-based featureextraction in fingerprint image [J], Pattern Recognition, I995, 28(11):1657~1672
[28]Wang Jianyong, GUO Chengan, An Elimination Algorithm of False Features forFingerprints Based on Local Structural Information [J], Journal of Image andGraphics, 2003, 8(I2):1467~I474
[29]Amengual J C, Juan A, Real-time minutiae extraction in fingerprint images, IEEEconference Publication, 2007, 2:871~875
[30]廖开阳,张学东,章明珠等,指纹图像细节点及显著特征的提取,计算机应用,2008,28(9):2312~2314
[31]Aguilar G, Sanchez, Fingerprint Recognition. Internet and Protection, 2007, 18:31~32
[32]田鹏,指纹识别技术的研究,科学技术与工程,2007,7(4):4765~4768
[33]余松煜,周源华,吴时光,数字图像处理,北京:电子工业出版社,1987
[34]Lewis R, Practical Digital Image Processing, Britain: Ellis Horwood, 2000
[35]姜聃,宣国荣,杨程云,基于JPEG2000实时量化水印和指纹识别的身份认证系统,计算机应用,2005,25(8):1750~1752
[36]漆远,田捷,邓翔,基于遗传算法的指纹图匹配算法及应用,软件学报,2000,11(4):488~493
[37]Starink J P, Backer E, Finding Point Correspondences Using Simulated Annealing,Pattern Recognition: 2005, 28(2):231~240
[38]张国兵,王彦芳,刘永军,基于DHNN人工神经网络的指纹识别技术,航空计算技术,2001,31(3):1~2
[39]Chang S H, Cheng F H, Hsu W H, Fast Algorithm for Point Pattern Matching:Invariant to Translations, Rotations and Scale Changes, Pattern Recognition, 2007,30(2):321~339
[40]Jain A K, Hong L, Bolle R. On-Line Fingerprint Verification, IEEE Transactionson PatternAnalysis and Machine Intelligence, 2008, 19(4): 302~314
[41]Hrechak A K, Mchugh J A, Automated fingerprint recognition using structuralmatching, Pattern Recognition, 2000, 23(8):893~904
[42]Intel Corporation, Extensible Firmware Interface Specification. Version 1.10,2002
[43]吴松青,王典洪,基于UEFI的Application和Driver的分析和开发,计算机应用软件,2007,24(2):14~16
[44]辛晓晨,高瞻,EFI Pre Boot Application开发,电脑编程技巧与维护,2008,(11):69~72
[45]刘泽申,王翔,PC新中枢―EFI技术浅析,大众硬件,2006,(12):103~106
[46]倪志欣,如何有力支持EFI平台,中国计算机报,2006,(3):26~28
[47]Intel Corporation, EFI DriverWriter's Guide, Version 1.10,http://developer.intel.com/technology/efi/, 2004
[48]Intel Corporation, EFI Developer Kit (EDK)Getting Started Guide, Version 0.41,http://developer.intel.com/technology/efi/, 2005
[49]Intel Corporation, Unified Extensible Firmware Interface Specification, Version2.0, http://www.uefi.org/agreement.php, 2006