复合维生素和蛋白水平互作对热应激下蛋种鸡作用效果研究
|
摘要
试验选用海兰褐父母代蛋种鸡为试验动物。种母鸡试验设计为2×2因子有重复试验。试验用种母鸡128只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每重复8只鸡。试验日粮分高、低两个粗蛋白营养水平;在日粮中,分别添加0mg/kg和667mg/kg复合维生素,以提高种鸡抗热应激的能力。研究在夏季生产条件下,以生产成本为参考因素时,鸡舍环境因子与日粮组成的不同对蛋种鸡生产性能、种蛋蛋品质以及血液生理、生化指标的影响。
试验用种公鸡32只,分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只鸡。设组间日粮蛋白水平相同,每组分别添加0mg/kg和667mg/kg复合维生素制剂,研究添加复合维生素对种公鸡繁殖性能的影响。
母鸡试验结果表明:当鸡舍的日均温度在26～29℃,相对湿度在88%～91%时,各组试验鸡的日平均采食量随着温度升高而下降;平均产蛋率和种蛋平均受精率变化滞后于温度变化。
日粮不同蛋白质水平和复合维生素的用量,对蛋种母鸡采食量和蛋重的影响差异均不显著(p>0.05)。高蛋白水平日粮可提高蛋种母鸡产蛋率(p>0.05),可显著提高种蛋受精率(p<0.05)。日粮粗蛋白水平相同时,在日粮中添加667mg/kg复合维生素可显著提高种蛋受精率(p<0.05)。日粮低粗蛋白水平下,添加667mg/kg复合维生素可显著提高蛋壳厚度(p<0.05)。日粮高蛋白比例可显著提高哈氏单位(p<0.05)。
日粮中添加667mg/kg复合维生素可维持血清钾离子浓度(p<0.05)。日粮高蛋白水平组的血清钙离子浓度较高(p>0.05)。日粮高蛋白水平组的血清磷浓度较高(p<0.05)。采食高蛋白水平日粮时,血清葡萄糖浓度下降最少(p>0.05)。采食高蛋白水平日粮和添加复合维生素均可维持血清中T3含量(p>0.05)日粮中添加复合维生素使血清中T4含量下降最小(p<0.05)。
公鸡试验结果表明:复合维生素可提高蛋种公鸡采食量,增加蛋种公鸡精液量,提高精子活力(p>0.05)。
经济核算结果表明:相对于低蛋白水平日粮+0mg/kg复合维生素试验组而言,低蛋白水平日粮+667mg/kg复合维生素组、高蛋白水平日粮+0mg/kg复合维生素组和高蛋白水平日粮+667mg/kg复合维生素组平均每天每只鸡多获利0.043、0.067和0.046元。
This experiment was conducted with parent generation Hyline brown laying hens.The egg breeding chicken experiment designed for 2×2 factors repeated experiments.128 egg breed chickens at 207 days old were divided into 4 groups with one-way random design,each group containing 4 replicates(8 birds per replicate).The diet for this experiment was partitioned into two parts as high level dietary protein team and low level dietary protein team;0mg/kg and 667mg/kg multi-vitamin were added respectively into the diet,in order to improve the breeding hens'ability of resisting heat stress.Considering the production cost as a reference factor,study on the effection of the chicken house ambient temperature、reltive hunidity and different composition diets to the egg breeding chickens'performance,egg quality and blood biochemical in the summer production conditions.
32 breeder cocks were divided into 2 groups with one-way random design,each group containing 4 replicates(4 birds per replicate).In the precondition of the same protein level in diet,0mg/kg and 667mg/kg multi-vitamin were added respectively into the diet,in order to study the effection of multi-vitamin the breeder cocks’reproductive performance.
The results of the egg breeding chicken experiment showed that:when the daily mean temperature were 26～29℃and the reltive hunidity were 88%～91% in the chicken house,With temperature increasing, the average daily feed intake gradually decreases. The change of average egg production and average egg fertility rate lagging behind the temperatures'.
different levels of protein and multi-vitamin have no obvious effect on The egg breed chicken average daily intake and average egg weight.
when the egg breeding chicken consumed the high protein level deit, the laying rate improved(p>0.05)and the egg fertility rate improved significantly(p<0.05).when at the same level of crude protein in the diet, adding 667mg/kg multi-vitamin could significantly increase the fertilization rate of breeding eggs (p<0.05).To low crude protein diet,adding 667mg/kg multi-vitamin could significantly increase eggshell thickness (p<0.05).the high level protein diet could significantly improve the proportion of units Harrington (p<0.05).
Adding 667mg/kg multi-vitamin in the diet could maintain the serum potassium ion concentration (p<0.05).The group of high level protein diet has a higher serum calcium ion concentration (p>0.05).The group of High level protein diet had higher serum phosphorus concentration (p<0.05) . when feeding high level protein diet, the serum glucose concentrations decreased at least (p>0.05).the content of T3 of the serum can be maintained by the high level protein diet and multi-vitamin (p>0.05),the content of T4of the serum was declined by adding multi-vitamin (p<0.05).
breeder cocks test results showed that:addition of multi-vitamin increased the intake of breeder cocks,semen volume and the sperm motility(p> 0.05).
Economic accounting results indicated that:compared with the group of the low level protein diet +0 mg / kg multi-vitamin, the low level protein diet +667 mg / kg multi-vitamin,the high level protein diet +0 mg / kg multi-vitamin and the high level protein diet +667 mg / kg multi-vitamin can increased 0.043,0.067 and 0.046 yuan from every chicken per day.
试验用种公鸡32只,分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只鸡。设组间日粮蛋白水平相同,每组分别添加0mg/kg和667mg/kg复合维生素制剂,研究添加复合维生素对种公鸡繁殖性能的影响。
母鸡试验结果表明:当鸡舍的日均温度在26～29℃,相对湿度在88%～91%时,各组试验鸡的日平均采食量随着温度升高而下降;平均产蛋率和种蛋平均受精率变化滞后于温度变化。
日粮不同蛋白质水平和复合维生素的用量,对蛋种母鸡采食量和蛋重的影响差异均不显著(p>0.05)。高蛋白水平日粮可提高蛋种母鸡产蛋率(p>0.05),可显著提高种蛋受精率(p<0.05)。日粮粗蛋白水平相同时,在日粮中添加667mg/kg复合维生素可显著提高种蛋受精率(p<0.05)。日粮低粗蛋白水平下,添加667mg/kg复合维生素可显著提高蛋壳厚度(p<0.05)。日粮高蛋白比例可显著提高哈氏单位(p<0.05)。
日粮中添加667mg/kg复合维生素可维持血清钾离子浓度(p<0.05)。日粮高蛋白水平组的血清钙离子浓度较高(p>0.05)。日粮高蛋白水平组的血清磷浓度较高(p<0.05)。采食高蛋白水平日粮时,血清葡萄糖浓度下降最少(p>0.05)。采食高蛋白水平日粮和添加复合维生素均可维持血清中T3含量(p>0.05)日粮中添加复合维生素使血清中T4含量下降最小(p<0.05)。
公鸡试验结果表明:复合维生素可提高蛋种公鸡采食量,增加蛋种公鸡精液量,提高精子活力(p>0.05)。
经济核算结果表明:相对于低蛋白水平日粮+0mg/kg复合维生素试验组而言,低蛋白水平日粮+667mg/kg复合维生素组、高蛋白水平日粮+0mg/kg复合维生素组和高蛋白水平日粮+667mg/kg复合维生素组平均每天每只鸡多获利0.043、0.067和0.046元。
This experiment was conducted with parent generation Hyline brown laying hens.The egg breeding chicken experiment designed for 2×2 factors repeated experiments.128 egg breed chickens at 207 days old were divided into 4 groups with one-way random design,each group containing 4 replicates(8 birds per replicate).The diet for this experiment was partitioned into two parts as high level dietary protein team and low level dietary protein team;0mg/kg and 667mg/kg multi-vitamin were added respectively into the diet,in order to improve the breeding hens'ability of resisting heat stress.Considering the production cost as a reference factor,study on the effection of the chicken house ambient temperature、reltive hunidity and different composition diets to the egg breeding chickens'performance,egg quality and blood biochemical in the summer production conditions.
32 breeder cocks were divided into 2 groups with one-way random design,each group containing 4 replicates(4 birds per replicate).In the precondition of the same protein level in diet,0mg/kg and 667mg/kg multi-vitamin were added respectively into the diet,in order to study the effection of multi-vitamin the breeder cocks’reproductive performance.
The results of the egg breeding chicken experiment showed that:when the daily mean temperature were 26～29℃and the reltive hunidity were 88%～91% in the chicken house,With temperature increasing, the average daily feed intake gradually decreases. The change of average egg production and average egg fertility rate lagging behind the temperatures'.
different levels of protein and multi-vitamin have no obvious effect on The egg breed chicken average daily intake and average egg weight.
when the egg breeding chicken consumed the high protein level deit, the laying rate improved(p>0.05)and the egg fertility rate improved significantly(p<0.05).when at the same level of crude protein in the diet, adding 667mg/kg multi-vitamin could significantly increase the fertilization rate of breeding eggs (p<0.05).To low crude protein diet,adding 667mg/kg multi-vitamin could significantly increase eggshell thickness (p<0.05).the high level protein diet could significantly improve the proportion of units Harrington (p<0.05).
Adding 667mg/kg multi-vitamin in the diet could maintain the serum potassium ion concentration (p<0.05).The group of high level protein diet has a higher serum calcium ion concentration (p>0.05).The group of High level protein diet had higher serum phosphorus concentration (p<0.05) . when feeding high level protein diet, the serum glucose concentrations decreased at least (p>0.05).the content of T3 of the serum can be maintained by the high level protein diet and multi-vitamin (p>0.05),the content of T4of the serum was declined by adding multi-vitamin (p<0.05).
breeder cocks test results showed that:addition of multi-vitamin increased the intake of breeder cocks,semen volume and the sperm motility(p> 0.05).
Economic accounting results indicated that:compared with the group of the low level protein diet +0 mg / kg multi-vitamin, the low level protein diet +667 mg / kg multi-vitamin,the high level protein diet +0 mg / kg multi-vitamin and the high level protein diet +667 mg / kg multi-vitamin can increased 0.043,0.067 and 0.046 yuan from every chicken per day.
引文
1刘瑞生.蛋鸡热应激研究进展[J].养禽与禽病防治,2003,8:2-6
2花象柏.轻度和中毒热应激[J].中国家禽,1994,4:28
3陶锦萍.轻度热应激下蛋鸡的生产性能及营养补偿[J].中国饲料,1995,20:25-27
4呙于明,刘彩霓,周毓平.高温应激对肉仔鸡的影响及补铬的效果研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,1998,29(4):339-344
5姜礼胜等.高温条件下复合抗应激剂对肉鸡的影响[ J ].动物营养学报,1999,11(4):39-43
6罗庆兵,何丹林.鸡热应激研究概述[J].养禽与禽病防治,2005,4 :3-5
7赵健蓉,李如治,夏东.鸡的冷热应激[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,1998,2:21-23
8 Mueller W J.1959.The effect of environmental temperature and humidity on the calcium balance and sercum calcium of laying puttets.poul.sci.38:1296-1301
9 Payen C G.1966.Practical aspects of envionmental temperature for laying hens.world’s poul.sci.22:126-139
10董淑丽,邓雯,雷雪芹.热应激对动物理化特性及生产性能的影响[J].河南科技大学学报,2003,1(23):59-66
11李朝华.热应激对蛋鸡生理生化指标的影响[J].饲料博览,2006.5:43-44
12邵莹,聂秀强.鸡舍不同降温设施缓解蛋鸡热应激的效果[J].养禽与禽病防治,2001,7:7-8
13李家奎,王小龙,向瑞平.抗肉鸡热应激药物及其评述[J].中国家禽,1998, 6(20):36-37
14傅玲玉,周庆堂,章怀云.夏季高温期间产蛋鸡血液生化反应[J].家畜生态,1988(1):51-53
15 McDonald K, Belay T, Deyhim F, et al. Comparison of the 5 -day acclimation and fasting techniques to reduce broiler heat distress mortality [J]. Poult Sci, 1990, 69(suppl. 1): 90
16刘凤华,谢仲权,孙朝龙,等.高温对蛋鸡血液生化指标及生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,1997,33(5):23-25
17郑卓夫.减轻家禽热应激的添加剂研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,1992,28(4):56-58
18李朝华.热应激对蛋鸡生理生化指标的影响[J].饲料博览,2006,5:43-44
19刘轴,林红英,罗东军,等.热应激对血液生化指标及内分泌机能的影响[J].湛江海洋大学学报,1999,19(3):61-64
20刘春燕,王宝维,王清吉.不同程度高温对蛋鸡多项血液生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽,1996(6):27-28
21范石军,韩友文.面对日益严热的夏季我们该如何行动[J].中国家禽,2005,27(13):34-36
22陈静.不同添加剂对热应激下肉仔鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2006,38(6):1-4
23梁孙义.产蛋鸡的热应激反应及其缓解剂的应用效果[J].家畜生态, 1990(4):9
24 Huston.T.M1960,Poult Sci,39:1260
25 Heninger.R.W1960.Poult.Sci.39;1332-1337
26杨琳,杜荣,张子仪.环境温度对鸡饲粮代谢能测值及血浆中甲状腺激素浓度的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1993,24(6):494-499
27王新谋,蒋明英,汪琳仙.高温对蛋鸡产蛋性能影响机制的研究[C].高温对蛋鸡产蛋性能影响机制的研究.论文集.北京:北京农业大学,1993.
28顾宪红,王新谋.高温对蛋鸡生产性能和血浆皮质酮、甲状腺素、孕酮水平的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1995,26(2):109-115
29孙延鸣,赵宗胜,向春和,等.家禽热应激及预防措施(综述)[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版,1997(3):7-11
30文杰.维生素C对热应激状态下肉仔鸡生产性能及维生素C合成能力的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2000,31(6):497-502
31 Roy R N,Gula B C.Species difference in regard to the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid[J].Nature,1958,182:319-320
32 Lindquist S.The heat shock response[J].Annu Rev Biochem,1986,55(4):1151-1191
33 Shan M,Yamamoto B K,Gudelsky G A.Ascorbic acid prevents 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine(MDMA)induced hydroxyl radical form ation and behavioral and neurechmical consequences of the depletion of brain5-day[J]. Synapse, 2001,40:55-64
34 Zhang J.liu y m,et al.The effect of vitamin C on lipid peroxidase and sntioxidase enzyme of pulmonary alveolar macrophage[J].Occupation and Health, 2002, 18(6):3-5
35 Fenster R,H.Weiser.Vitamin application and recent advance[J].Zoo technical international,1994,(8):42-49
36 Mahmoud K Z,Edens F W,Eisen E J,et al.Ascorbic acis decreases heat shock protein 70 and plasma corticosterone response in broilers(Gallus Domesticus)subjected to cyclic heat stress [J] .Comp Biochen Physiol B Biochem Mol Boil,2004,137(1):35-42
37周显青,乔欣.维生素C多聚磷酸酯对小鼠抗热应激能力的影响[J].动物学进展,2004,25(5):447
38 Balkar S.Bains,周桂莲.维生素C在应激管理中的作用[J].国外畜牧科技, 1996, 23 (6):4-6
39盛清凯,武英,成建国,吴加强,林海.热应激状况下维生素C对蛋鸡免疫性能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2006.7:43-44
40李振.维生素营养对家禽孵化率的影响[J].中国家禽,2006,28(16):58-60
41傅德顺.现代蛋鸡的饲养管理[J].畜禽业,1999,7:36-40
42 Njoku.P.C.et al.Effect of dietary inclusion of ascorbic acid and palm oil on the performance of laying hens in hot tropical environment.British Poultry Science.1989,30(4):831-840
43徐廷生,雷雪芹.热应激与蛋鸡的营养[J].养禽与禽病防治,2002,9:8-9
44 Sahin K.Effects of chromium,and ascorbicacid supplementation on growth,carcass traits,serum metabolites,and antioxidant status ofbroiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature(32℃)[J].Nutrition Research,2003(23):225-238
45余德谦,蒋宗勇.维生素对家禽的抗热应激的作用[J].饲料博览,1997(3):19-21
46 Aoyagi Y.,Ohnishi T.,Itoh S.,et al.Effect of heat stress and L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate magnesium on plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentration and on liver protein carbonyl concentration in chicks[J].Japa.Poul.Sci.1997,34(1):63-66
47张乐萃.热应激添加剂对热应激肉鸡甲状腺和肾上腺组织结构的影响[J].饲料研究,1998,3:1
48吴庆鹉,林海,杨全明等.温度和日粮营养水平对产蛋鸡蛋品质影响的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),1990,(02)
49 Stockland.Lysine requirement of the growing rat :Plasma free lysine as a response criterion[J].J.Nutr.1974,100:925-933
50黄明华,刘庆.加强蛋鸡夏季饲养管理高温季节实现高产[J].中国畜牧杂志,1998,27(3):23-24
51王绍群等.轻度热应激下蛋鸡产蛋量高峰期主要营养素适宜摄入量的研究[J].动物营养报,1996,8(4):45-50
52 Lopez.Ferrer SM D, Baucellsm M D, et al. n-3 enrichment of chickenmeat using fish oil: Alterna2tive substitution with rapeseed and linseed oils[ J ]. Poultry Science, 1999, 78: 356 - 365
53 Teeter R G.Hight chronic ambient temperature stress effects on broiler acid2base balance and their response to supplemental ammonium chloride,potassium carbonate[J].Poultry Science,1986,65:1772-1781
54苏宁.鸡蛋品质的营养调控[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,7
55 Cogger,E.A.The effect of heat stress on shell desPosition、acid-base status、bone alcium、uterine and duodenal calbindin-D28k.pourry Scienee(suPPlement),1991,27
56滑静,王晓霞.维生素C、维生素E对热应激蛋鸡血液生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2001,13(4):59-62
57孟铭伦,周超,王克为等.核黄素对受冷大鼠甲状腺激素的影响[J].营养学报,1990,12: 323-327
58吕丽华,岳文斌.罗曼褐商品蛋鸡育成期不同蛋白质水平对血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2003,35(12):5-6
59刘明江.种鸡营养水平对种蛋孵化率的影响[J].中国禽业导刊,1998,3:14-16
60周宏超.热应激对鸡的影响及抗热应激药物[J].动物医学进展,2000,(1):35-38
61刘振湘.鸡热应激对生产性能的影响机理[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2001,20(1):29-31
62陈国胜.维生素C在家禽抗应激中的作用研究进展[J].动物营养学报,1997,9(4):1-13
63徐铮.关于鸡热应激的探讨[J].养禽与禽病防治,2006,(10):2-4
64吴忠良.高温环境蛋鸡补饲抗热应激复合添加剂效果实验[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(8):26-27
65刘振湘,唐晓玲,曾元根.鸡热应激对生产性能的影响机理[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2001,20(1):29-30
66红蕾,娜仁花.家畜环境卫生学实验指导.内蒙古农业大学自编教材,2004: 22-29
67魏玉荣,沈国顺,刘丽娜,吴高峰.VC缓解动物热应激机理得探讨(综述)[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(3):18-20
68陶秀平,夏东,李如治.热应激对鸡免疫应答的影响[J].中国家禽,1997, (6):4-6
69王龙生,陈安国.维生素C和E在猪、鸡抗热应激中的研究与应用.饲料工业,2005.26(20):38-40
70李绍玉.热应激对家禽的影响及缓解措施[J].中国家禽,1999.21(6):6-9
71朱王飞,钱胜峰,华棣.蛋鸡热应激及其调控措施[J].畜禽业,2005.6
72蔡玉根,梁孙义,罗上鸿,等.家禽热应激缓解物质的应用[ J ].中国畜牧杂志,1994,30(6):50-51
73吴丹,胡兰,宁自利,王红艳,刘攀峰,谷文峰.热应激对鸡的影响及综合防治措施[J].现代畜牧兽医,2006,6:13-14
74周杰,骆先虎,檀其梅.高温对肉仔鸡生产性能和某些血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,1997,19(2):57-59
75孙延明,赵宗胜,高剑峰等.蛋鸡饮水添加VC对缓解热应激的效果分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,1997,(9):8-9
2花象柏.轻度和中毒热应激[J].中国家禽,1994,4:28
3陶锦萍.轻度热应激下蛋鸡的生产性能及营养补偿[J].中国饲料,1995,20:25-27
4呙于明,刘彩霓,周毓平.高温应激对肉仔鸡的影响及补铬的效果研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,1998,29(4):339-344
5姜礼胜等.高温条件下复合抗应激剂对肉鸡的影响[ J ].动物营养学报,1999,11(4):39-43
6罗庆兵,何丹林.鸡热应激研究概述[J].养禽与禽病防治,2005,4 :3-5
7赵健蓉,李如治,夏东.鸡的冷热应激[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,1998,2:21-23
8 Mueller W J.1959.The effect of environmental temperature and humidity on the calcium balance and sercum calcium of laying puttets.poul.sci.38:1296-1301
9 Payen C G.1966.Practical aspects of envionmental temperature for laying hens.world’s poul.sci.22:126-139
10董淑丽,邓雯,雷雪芹.热应激对动物理化特性及生产性能的影响[J].河南科技大学学报,2003,1(23):59-66
11李朝华.热应激对蛋鸡生理生化指标的影响[J].饲料博览,2006.5:43-44
12邵莹,聂秀强.鸡舍不同降温设施缓解蛋鸡热应激的效果[J].养禽与禽病防治,2001,7:7-8
13李家奎,王小龙,向瑞平.抗肉鸡热应激药物及其评述[J].中国家禽,1998, 6(20):36-37
14傅玲玉,周庆堂,章怀云.夏季高温期间产蛋鸡血液生化反应[J].家畜生态,1988(1):51-53
15 McDonald K, Belay T, Deyhim F, et al. Comparison of the 5 -day acclimation and fasting techniques to reduce broiler heat distress mortality [J]. Poult Sci, 1990, 69(suppl. 1): 90
16刘凤华,谢仲权,孙朝龙,等.高温对蛋鸡血液生化指标及生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,1997,33(5):23-25
17郑卓夫.减轻家禽热应激的添加剂研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,1992,28(4):56-58
18李朝华.热应激对蛋鸡生理生化指标的影响[J].饲料博览,2006,5:43-44
19刘轴,林红英,罗东军,等.热应激对血液生化指标及内分泌机能的影响[J].湛江海洋大学学报,1999,19(3):61-64
20刘春燕,王宝维,王清吉.不同程度高温对蛋鸡多项血液生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽,1996(6):27-28
21范石军,韩友文.面对日益严热的夏季我们该如何行动[J].中国家禽,2005,27(13):34-36
22陈静.不同添加剂对热应激下肉仔鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2006,38(6):1-4
23梁孙义.产蛋鸡的热应激反应及其缓解剂的应用效果[J].家畜生态, 1990(4):9
24 Huston.T.M1960,Poult Sci,39:1260
25 Heninger.R.W1960.Poult.Sci.39;1332-1337
26杨琳,杜荣,张子仪.环境温度对鸡饲粮代谢能测值及血浆中甲状腺激素浓度的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1993,24(6):494-499
27王新谋,蒋明英,汪琳仙.高温对蛋鸡产蛋性能影响机制的研究[C].高温对蛋鸡产蛋性能影响机制的研究.论文集.北京:北京农业大学,1993.
28顾宪红,王新谋.高温对蛋鸡生产性能和血浆皮质酮、甲状腺素、孕酮水平的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1995,26(2):109-115
29孙延鸣,赵宗胜,向春和,等.家禽热应激及预防措施(综述)[J].石河子大学学报:自然科学版,1997(3):7-11
30文杰.维生素C对热应激状态下肉仔鸡生产性能及维生素C合成能力的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2000,31(6):497-502
31 Roy R N,Gula B C.Species difference in regard to the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid[J].Nature,1958,182:319-320
32 Lindquist S.The heat shock response[J].Annu Rev Biochem,1986,55(4):1151-1191
33 Shan M,Yamamoto B K,Gudelsky G A.Ascorbic acid prevents 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine(MDMA)induced hydroxyl radical form ation and behavioral and neurechmical consequences of the depletion of brain5-day[J]. Synapse, 2001,40:55-64
34 Zhang J.liu y m,et al.The effect of vitamin C on lipid peroxidase and sntioxidase enzyme of pulmonary alveolar macrophage[J].Occupation and Health, 2002, 18(6):3-5
35 Fenster R,H.Weiser.Vitamin application and recent advance[J].Zoo technical international,1994,(8):42-49
36 Mahmoud K Z,Edens F W,Eisen E J,et al.Ascorbic acis decreases heat shock protein 70 and plasma corticosterone response in broilers(Gallus Domesticus)subjected to cyclic heat stress [J] .Comp Biochen Physiol B Biochem Mol Boil,2004,137(1):35-42
37周显青,乔欣.维生素C多聚磷酸酯对小鼠抗热应激能力的影响[J].动物学进展,2004,25(5):447
38 Balkar S.Bains,周桂莲.维生素C在应激管理中的作用[J].国外畜牧科技, 1996, 23 (6):4-6
39盛清凯,武英,成建国,吴加强,林海.热应激状况下维生素C对蛋鸡免疫性能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2006.7:43-44
40李振.维生素营养对家禽孵化率的影响[J].中国家禽,2006,28(16):58-60
41傅德顺.现代蛋鸡的饲养管理[J].畜禽业,1999,7:36-40
42 Njoku.P.C.et al.Effect of dietary inclusion of ascorbic acid and palm oil on the performance of laying hens in hot tropical environment.British Poultry Science.1989,30(4):831-840
43徐廷生,雷雪芹.热应激与蛋鸡的营养[J].养禽与禽病防治,2002,9:8-9
44 Sahin K.Effects of chromium,and ascorbicacid supplementation on growth,carcass traits,serum metabolites,and antioxidant status ofbroiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature(32℃)[J].Nutrition Research,2003(23):225-238
45余德谦,蒋宗勇.维生素对家禽的抗热应激的作用[J].饲料博览,1997(3):19-21
46 Aoyagi Y.,Ohnishi T.,Itoh S.,et al.Effect of heat stress and L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate magnesium on plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentration and on liver protein carbonyl concentration in chicks[J].Japa.Poul.Sci.1997,34(1):63-66
47张乐萃.热应激添加剂对热应激肉鸡甲状腺和肾上腺组织结构的影响[J].饲料研究,1998,3:1
48吴庆鹉,林海,杨全明等.温度和日粮营养水平对产蛋鸡蛋品质影响的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),1990,(02)
49 Stockland.Lysine requirement of the growing rat :Plasma free lysine as a response criterion[J].J.Nutr.1974,100:925-933
50黄明华,刘庆.加强蛋鸡夏季饲养管理高温季节实现高产[J].中国畜牧杂志,1998,27(3):23-24
51王绍群等.轻度热应激下蛋鸡产蛋量高峰期主要营养素适宜摄入量的研究[J].动物营养报,1996,8(4):45-50
52 Lopez.Ferrer SM D, Baucellsm M D, et al. n-3 enrichment of chickenmeat using fish oil: Alterna2tive substitution with rapeseed and linseed oils[ J ]. Poultry Science, 1999, 78: 356 - 365
53 Teeter R G.Hight chronic ambient temperature stress effects on broiler acid2base balance and their response to supplemental ammonium chloride,potassium carbonate[J].Poultry Science,1986,65:1772-1781
54苏宁.鸡蛋品质的营养调控[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,7
55 Cogger,E.A.The effect of heat stress on shell desPosition、acid-base status、bone alcium、uterine and duodenal calbindin-D28k.pourry Scienee(suPPlement),1991,27
56滑静,王晓霞.维生素C、维生素E对热应激蛋鸡血液生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2001,13(4):59-62
57孟铭伦,周超,王克为等.核黄素对受冷大鼠甲状腺激素的影响[J].营养学报,1990,12: 323-327
58吕丽华,岳文斌.罗曼褐商品蛋鸡育成期不同蛋白质水平对血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2003,35(12):5-6
59刘明江.种鸡营养水平对种蛋孵化率的影响[J].中国禽业导刊,1998,3:14-16
60周宏超.热应激对鸡的影响及抗热应激药物[J].动物医学进展,2000,(1):35-38
61刘振湘.鸡热应激对生产性能的影响机理[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2001,20(1):29-31
62陈国胜.维生素C在家禽抗应激中的作用研究进展[J].动物营养学报,1997,9(4):1-13
63徐铮.关于鸡热应激的探讨[J].养禽与禽病防治,2006,(10):2-4
64吴忠良.高温环境蛋鸡补饲抗热应激复合添加剂效果实验[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(8):26-27
65刘振湘,唐晓玲,曾元根.鸡热应激对生产性能的影响机理[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2001,20(1):29-30
66红蕾,娜仁花.家畜环境卫生学实验指导.内蒙古农业大学自编教材,2004: 22-29
67魏玉荣,沈国顺,刘丽娜,吴高峰.VC缓解动物热应激机理得探讨(综述)[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(3):18-20
68陶秀平,夏东,李如治.热应激对鸡免疫应答的影响[J].中国家禽,1997, (6):4-6
69王龙生,陈安国.维生素C和E在猪、鸡抗热应激中的研究与应用.饲料工业,2005.26(20):38-40
70李绍玉.热应激对家禽的影响及缓解措施[J].中国家禽,1999.21(6):6-9
71朱王飞,钱胜峰,华棣.蛋鸡热应激及其调控措施[J].畜禽业,2005.6
72蔡玉根,梁孙义,罗上鸿,等.家禽热应激缓解物质的应用[ J ].中国畜牧杂志,1994,30(6):50-51
73吴丹,胡兰,宁自利,王红艳,刘攀峰,谷文峰.热应激对鸡的影响及综合防治措施[J].现代畜牧兽医,2006,6:13-14
74周杰,骆先虎,檀其梅.高温对肉仔鸡生产性能和某些血清生化指标的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,1997,19(2):57-59
75孙延明,赵宗胜,高剑峰等.蛋鸡饮水添加VC对缓解热应激的效果分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,1997,(9):8-9