九种多肉植物在室内环境中固碳和蒸腾特性的研究
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摘要
多肉植物足室内植物中重要的一类,其中CAM植物具有夜间吸收CO_2的特性,这类植物可与其他白天吸收CO_2的植物搭配使室内植物设计更科学合理。选择具有夜间吸收CO_2特性且吸收量高的功能植物,对于室内植物设计具有重要的意义。
     本课题以球兰(Hoya carnosa)、蟹爪(Zygocactus truncactus)、假昙花(Rhipsalidopsis
     gaertueri)、金边虎尾兰(Sansevieria trifasciata cv Laurentii)、叶仙人掌(Pereskia
     aculeate)、花蔓草(Aptenia cordifolia)、长寿花(Kalanchoe blossfeldiana‘Sensation’)、玉吊钟(Kalanchoe fedtshenkoi‘Rosy dawn’)和豆瓣绿(Peperomia scandens 'Cariegata’)9种多肉植物为供试植物,通过对不同室内环境光、温、湿的动态研究,获得了室内光分布的动态曲线,选取具有代表性的直射光、明亮光和阴暗等五种不同室内光环境作为实验区,用LI—6400光合测定仪对供试植物的CO_2净吸收速率和蒸腾速率的昼夜变化进行测定,计算白天和夜间的固碳量和蒸腾释水吸热量,同时测定供试材料的含酸量、气孔导度以进一步确定其是否为景天酸代谢光合途径,研究结果表明:
     1供试植物中球兰、蟹爪、假昙花和虎尾兰在不同环境中夜间都有CO_2净吸收,在同—环境中球兰的夜间固碳量高于其他供试植物,如直射光区球兰(4.56 g·m~(-2))>虎尾兰(4.09g·m~(-2))>假昙花(1.70 g·m~(-2))>蟹爪(1.65 g·m~(-2));玉吊钟在光照强度低的阴暗区夜间几乎无CO_2净吸收,而在其它区域中,尤其是直射光区夜间的CO_2净吸收速率可达4.02μmol·m~(-2)~(-2)·s~(-1),并且白天也有CO_2净吸收;叶仙人掌、花蔓草、长寿花和豆瓣绿则在不同环境中都表现为白天有CO_2净吸收,如直射光区叶仙人掌(6.44 g·m~(-2))>花蔓草(4.69g·m~(-2))>长寿花(2.77 g·m~(-2)),且CO_2净吸收速率随光照强度的增加而增加,而日落后以暗呼吸为主,呼吸速率多为0.3~0.4μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。
     2供试材料在不同环境中的蒸腾速率和气孔导度昼夜变化趋势和CO_2净吸收速率的昼夜变化较相似。夜间有CO_2净吸收的供试植物的蒸腾速率和气孔导度明显低于其他供试植物(约低4倍)。
     3球兰、蟹爪、假昙花、虎尾兰和玉吊钟的含酸量昼夜变化符合CAM植物含酸量夜高昼低的特性;叶仙人掌、花蔓草和豆瓣绿则不符合;而长寿花的含酸量的昼夜变化动态符合CAM植物特征,但夜间无CO_2净吸收,这一问题有待于进一步研究。
     4不同光照环境中玉吊钟、长寿花、假昙花的形态在叶色上差异较大,但栽培中未出现植株死亡现象,说明供试材料具有较宽的适应范围,试验中最低的环境光强约7μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。
     5球兰、虎尾兰、蟹爪、假昙花和玉吊钟属于CAM植物可与其他花卉合理配置,尤其应用于卧室,且有在白天光照强度越强的环境中植物夜间固碳量和蒸腾量越高的趋势。叶仙人掌、豆瓣绿、花蔓草和长寿花白天固碳量和蒸腾量高,夜间释放CO_2量极少,对人体健康毫无妨碍。
Succulent plants are an imporntant kind of indoor plants ,and CAM ones of them can remove CO2 during night .This knid of plant can match with other plants which can absorb CO2 during day, and make inside plant design more scientific and reasonable. To select such high absorbing capacity plants which can remove CO2 during night is important for interior plants design.
    This subject selects Hoya carnosa, Zygocactus truncactus, Rhipsalidopsis gaertueri, Sansevieria trifasciata cv Laurentii , Pereskia aculeate , Aptenia cordifolia , Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Sensation ', Kalanchoe fedtshenkoi 'Rosy dawn'and Peperomia scandens 'Variegata' these 9 Succulent plants,and through the study on circumstance indoor at different time .this gain the curve of light distributing indoor .At the same time,the paper views 5 representational light circumstance indoor as the experimental district, such as : straight light , bright light , and shade,and so on . then Introduction to Plant Gas Exchange Measurements was studied in the changes of the experimental plants,Carbon dioxide exchanged rate and transpiration rate experimental day and night.Meanwhile calculating how much does the carbon fixation and transpired water release and absorbed Caloric day and night.And also studied in the capacity which carried acid and conductivity of the experimental plants which remove CO2 during night (crassula
    ceae acid metabolism) to identify their Photosynthetic pathway.Not only gaining the correlation data of the characteristic of carbon fixation and transpiration of 9 Succulent plants indoor,and this also provides the technic sustain and theory thereunder to interior plant design. The studying results are follows:
    1 The experimental plants such as Hoya carnosa, Zygocactus truncactus, Rhipsalidopsis gaertueri, Sansevieria trifasciata can all remove CO2 during nigh at different circumstance.And the carbon fixation of Hooya carnnosa during nigh was higher than the other experimental ones .For example in the straight light Hoya carnosa (4.56 g.m-2) > Zygocactus truncactus (4.09 g.m-2) , Rhipsalidopsisgaertueri(1.70 g.m-2) > Sansevieria trifasciata(1.65 g.m-2); Kalanchoe fedtshenkoi 'Rosy dawn'didn't remove CO2 in shade at nigh,but in the straight light its Carbon dioxide exchanged rate could reach 4.02umol.m-2.s-1 and remove CO2 during the day. Pereskia aculeate, Aptenia cordifolia, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Sensation ' and Peperomia scandens
    
    
    'Variegata' are all presented as the CO2 absorbtion during the day in different circumstance, or example in the straight light Pereskia aculeate (6.44 g.m-2) > Aptenia cordifolia (4.69 g.m-2) > Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Sensation ' (2.77 g.m-2) > Peperomia scandens 'Variegata' (0.58 g.m-2 ) . The Carbon dioxide exchanged rate can increase higher and higher with the light intensity goes ,but the changing tide of the pure CO2 absorbing rate at night didn't remove CO2.The breath rate was 0.3~0.4umol.m-2.s-1.
    2 The changing tide of the experimental plants Transpiration rate and conductivity day and night was in the similitude, Transpiration rate and conductivity of the experimental plants which remove CO2 during night was lower than others(abort 4 times)
    3 The capacity of the acid between day and night among Hoya carnosa, Zygocactus truncactus, Rhipsalidopsis gaertueri, Sansevieria trifasciata, Kalanchoe fedtshenkoi 'Rosy dawn' was accord with the characteristic of crassulaceae acid metabolism plants on acid capacity higher during night and lower during day.But Pereskia aculeate, Aptenia cordifolia and Peperomia scandens 'Variegata' doesn't correspond this characteristic. Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Sensation ' the changes of acid capacity day and night was accorded with the characteristic, but didn't remove Carbon dioxide during night. So this problem should be studied further.
    4 The different environment of light intensity makes the difference in leaves of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Sensation ', Kalanchoe fedtshenkoi 'Rosy dawn' and Rhipsalidopsis gaertueri but there is no plants death phenomenon during the p
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