7种室内盆栽观叶植物生态功能的比较研究
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摘要
目前人们在选择利用室内观叶盆栽植物时,常过于注重其装饰性,而忽略其生态功能的发挥。在在室内环境中,观叶盆栽植物生态功能的研究国内外相对都比较少。本研究选取了长沙市场上常见的7种观叶植物：吊兰(Chlorophytum comosum)、黄金葛(Scindapsus aurens var. Wilcoxii)、短叶虎尾兰(Sansevieria trifasciata)、发财树(Pachira macrocarpa)、小叶榕(Ficus microcarpa var. pusillifolia)、燕子掌(Crassula argentea)、小天使(Philodendron cv Xanadu)。对其固碳释氧、蒸腾吸热、吸收有害气体、杀菌滞尘等生态功能进行了比较研究,结果如下：
1.固碳释氧作用：明亮区中,7种供试植物的日固碳量7.48～2.50 g·m-2·d-1,日释氧量5.84～1.11g.m-2·d-1,发财树的日固碳释氧量最大,日固碳量为7.48g·m-2·d-1,日释氧量为5.84 g·m-2.d-1。半阴区中,7种供试植物的日固碳量4.15·2.09g·m-2·d-1,日释氧量为3.40-0.75g·m-2·d-1,发财树的日固碳释氧量最大,日固碳量为4.15g·m-2·d-1,日释氧量为3.40g·m-2·d-1。阴暗区：7种供试植物的日固碳量为1.81-0.60 g·m-2·d-1,日释氧量0.43-0.24g·m-2·d-1,黄金葛具有最大日固碳量1.81 g·m-2·d-1。室内摆花,应该尽量放置靠近窗口,使其发挥最大的释氧固碳功能。
2.释水吸热：虎尾兰单位面积内的蒸腾释水量1053.1 g·m-2·d-1,吸热2510kj·m-2·d-1,可以使周围降温0.2℃,显著高于其他植物。
3.抑菌作用：7种供试植物均有抑菌作用。但整体效果不理想,距盆栽植物越远,抑菌率呈明显下降趋势。紧靠供试植物位置时,发财树抑菌作用最大,抑菌率40%。
4.滞尘作用：7种供试植物单位叶面积滞尘量差异显著,滞尘量大小依次是小天使4.8986 g/m2>燕子掌2.4004 g/m2>绿萝1.8636 g/m2>发财树1.7234 g/m2>吊兰1.6231 g/m2>小叶榕1.3516 g/m2>虎尾兰0.0789 g/m2。随着时间的推移,植物的滞尘量有个缓慢的上升,叶片三维计盒维数是量化植物叶片粗糙度是一种可行的途径。一般而言分形维数越大,叶面越粗糙,单位滞尘量越大。分形维数大小依次虎尾兰2.7758>小天使2.6973>燕子掌2.6789>绿萝2.6665>发财树2.6238>吊兰2.5739>小叶榕2.5157。
5.吸收有害气体：7种供试植物对甲醛、苯均有吸收能力,对苯有着较好的吸收能力的植物,对甲醛也有较好的吸收能力,而且吸收能力要高于甲醛,黄金葛吸收能力最大,不仅初次吸收能力强,可持续吸收,九天后甲醛净化率达67.7%,苯净化率72%,发财树最差,九天后甲醛净化率26.3%,苯净化率34.5%。
6.层次分析法构建生态功能综合评价模型,评价结果是黄金葛排名第一0.8678,其他依次为小天使0.6227、虎尾兰0.6136、吊兰0.4956、小叶榕0.3461、燕子掌0.2033。
The ecological function of indoor ornamentals in the city sometimes is ignored in the selection of species. People are inclined to choose those more colorful and beautiful plant in the process of beautification and must pay great attention its ecology function for the human to be healthier,7 species of indoor or namentals were selected as experiment material. They are Chlorophytum comosum, Scindapsus aurens var. Wilcoxii, Sansevieria trifasciata, Pachira macrocarp, Ficus microcarpa var. pusillifolia, Crassula argentea, Philodendron cv Xanadu. The main factors related to the ecological function of plant in this study are O2-emitting, CO2-fixing, adjustment of humidity and heat-absorbing, disinfection and dust-removing. And the results are showed as follows:
1.In the fact of nitrogen fixation and oxygen release of 7 species plants:on the place to approaching the window the amount of plants oxygen release is5.84-1.11 g·m-2·d-1,the amount of plants nitrogen fixation is 7.48～2.50g·m-2·d-1 among 7 species plants, the most is Pachira macrocarpa. On the place to away from window 2 meters, the amount of plants oxygen release is 3.14-0.75g·m-2·d-1, the amount of plants nitrogen fixation is 4:15-2.09g·m-2·d-1. Among 7 species plants, the most is Pachira macrocarpa too. In the corner, the amount of plants oxygen release is 0.43-0.24 g·m-2·d-1, the amount of plants nitrogen fixation is 1.81-0.60g·m-2·d-1. Among 7 species plants, Scindapsus aurens var. Wilcoxii is the most.
2.In the aspect of water release and absorbed calorie among these plants, Sansevieria trifasciata showed much effect than others and the absorbed calorie value is 2510kj·m-2·d-1,which may cause to decrease 0.2℃.
3.7 species plants have the bacteriostasis function. Though the whole effect is not ideal, the most is Pachira macrocarpa. The bacteriostasis rate reaches 40%. Aparting from the pot plant to be farther, the bacteriostasis rate have the obvious declining trend
4.The order of the ability of dust-removing among these flowers is Philodendron cv Xanadu>Crassula argentea>Scindapsus aurens var. Wilcoxii> Pachira macrocarpa>Chlorophytum comosum>Ficus microcarpa var.pusillifolia> Sansevieria trifasciata. The fractal dimension is one feasible way to calculate leaf blade roughness. The ability of capture dust was higher when the fractal dimension were bigger and the leaf surface was rougher, but fractal dimension of Sansevieria trifasciata was increased because of bright streak on the leaf.
5.7 kinds of plants have the absorbancy to the formaldehyde and the benzene. The plant has the good absorbancy to the benzene and also has the good absorbancy to the formaldehyde, Absorbancy to benzene must be higher than the formaldehyde. The most is Scindapsus aurens var.Wilcoxii and Nine days later the formaldehyde purifying rate reaches 67.7%, the benzene purifying rate reaches 72%. Pachira macrocarpa is the worst little, the formaldehyde purifying rate reaches 26.3%, the benzene purifying rate reaches 34.5%.
6.Ecology function quality synthetic evaluation model is constructed with the analytic hierarchy process. Scindapsus aurens var. Wilcoxii (0.8678) is the first. The order of the ability of ecology function is Philodendron cv Xanadu (0.6227)> Sansevieria trifasciata (0.6136)> Chlorophytum comosum (0.4956)> Ficus microcarpa var.pusillifolia(0.3461).
1.固碳释氧作用：明亮区中,7种供试植物的日固碳量7.48～2.50 g·m-2·d-1,日释氧量5.84～1.11g.m-2·d-1,发财树的日固碳释氧量最大,日固碳量为7.48g·m-2·d-1,日释氧量为5.84 g·m-2.d-1。半阴区中,7种供试植物的日固碳量4.15·2.09g·m-2·d-1,日释氧量为3.40-0.75g·m-2·d-1,发财树的日固碳释氧量最大,日固碳量为4.15g·m-2·d-1,日释氧量为3.40g·m-2·d-1。阴暗区：7种供试植物的日固碳量为1.81-0.60 g·m-2·d-1,日释氧量0.43-0.24g·m-2·d-1,黄金葛具有最大日固碳量1.81 g·m-2·d-1。室内摆花,应该尽量放置靠近窗口,使其发挥最大的释氧固碳功能。
2.释水吸热：虎尾兰单位面积内的蒸腾释水量1053.1 g·m-2·d-1,吸热2510kj·m-2·d-1,可以使周围降温0.2℃,显著高于其他植物。
3.抑菌作用：7种供试植物均有抑菌作用。但整体效果不理想,距盆栽植物越远,抑菌率呈明显下降趋势。紧靠供试植物位置时,发财树抑菌作用最大,抑菌率40%。
4.滞尘作用：7种供试植物单位叶面积滞尘量差异显著,滞尘量大小依次是小天使4.8986 g/m2>燕子掌2.4004 g/m2>绿萝1.8636 g/m2>发财树1.7234 g/m2>吊兰1.6231 g/m2>小叶榕1.3516 g/m2>虎尾兰0.0789 g/m2。随着时间的推移,植物的滞尘量有个缓慢的上升,叶片三维计盒维数是量化植物叶片粗糙度是一种可行的途径。一般而言分形维数越大,叶面越粗糙,单位滞尘量越大。分形维数大小依次虎尾兰2.7758>小天使2.6973>燕子掌2.6789>绿萝2.6665>发财树2.6238>吊兰2.5739>小叶榕2.5157。
5.吸收有害气体：7种供试植物对甲醛、苯均有吸收能力,对苯有着较好的吸收能力的植物,对甲醛也有较好的吸收能力,而且吸收能力要高于甲醛,黄金葛吸收能力最大,不仅初次吸收能力强,可持续吸收,九天后甲醛净化率达67.7%,苯净化率72%,发财树最差,九天后甲醛净化率26.3%,苯净化率34.5%。
6.层次分析法构建生态功能综合评价模型,评价结果是黄金葛排名第一0.8678,其他依次为小天使0.6227、虎尾兰0.6136、吊兰0.4956、小叶榕0.3461、燕子掌0.2033。
The ecological function of indoor ornamentals in the city sometimes is ignored in the selection of species. People are inclined to choose those more colorful and beautiful plant in the process of beautification and must pay great attention its ecology function for the human to be healthier,7 species of indoor or namentals were selected as experiment material. They are Chlorophytum comosum, Scindapsus aurens var. Wilcoxii, Sansevieria trifasciata, Pachira macrocarp, Ficus microcarpa var. pusillifolia, Crassula argentea, Philodendron cv Xanadu. The main factors related to the ecological function of plant in this study are O2-emitting, CO2-fixing, adjustment of humidity and heat-absorbing, disinfection and dust-removing. And the results are showed as follows:
1.In the fact of nitrogen fixation and oxygen release of 7 species plants:on the place to approaching the window the amount of plants oxygen release is5.84-1.11 g·m-2·d-1,the amount of plants nitrogen fixation is 7.48～2.50g·m-2·d-1 among 7 species plants, the most is Pachira macrocarpa. On the place to away from window 2 meters, the amount of plants oxygen release is 3.14-0.75g·m-2·d-1, the amount of plants nitrogen fixation is 4:15-2.09g·m-2·d-1. Among 7 species plants, the most is Pachira macrocarpa too. In the corner, the amount of plants oxygen release is 0.43-0.24 g·m-2·d-1, the amount of plants nitrogen fixation is 1.81-0.60g·m-2·d-1. Among 7 species plants, Scindapsus aurens var. Wilcoxii is the most.
2.In the aspect of water release and absorbed calorie among these plants, Sansevieria trifasciata showed much effect than others and the absorbed calorie value is 2510kj·m-2·d-1,which may cause to decrease 0.2℃.
3.7 species plants have the bacteriostasis function. Though the whole effect is not ideal, the most is Pachira macrocarpa. The bacteriostasis rate reaches 40%. Aparting from the pot plant to be farther, the bacteriostasis rate have the obvious declining trend
4.The order of the ability of dust-removing among these flowers is Philodendron cv Xanadu>Crassula argentea>Scindapsus aurens var. Wilcoxii> Pachira macrocarpa>Chlorophytum comosum>Ficus microcarpa var.pusillifolia> Sansevieria trifasciata. The fractal dimension is one feasible way to calculate leaf blade roughness. The ability of capture dust was higher when the fractal dimension were bigger and the leaf surface was rougher, but fractal dimension of Sansevieria trifasciata was increased because of bright streak on the leaf.
5.7 kinds of plants have the absorbancy to the formaldehyde and the benzene. The plant has the good absorbancy to the benzene and also has the good absorbancy to the formaldehyde, Absorbancy to benzene must be higher than the formaldehyde. The most is Scindapsus aurens var.Wilcoxii and Nine days later the formaldehyde purifying rate reaches 67.7%, the benzene purifying rate reaches 72%. Pachira macrocarpa is the worst little, the formaldehyde purifying rate reaches 26.3%, the benzene purifying rate reaches 34.5%.
6.Ecology function quality synthetic evaluation model is constructed with the analytic hierarchy process. Scindapsus aurens var. Wilcoxii (0.8678) is the first. The order of the ability of ecology function is Philodendron cv Xanadu (0.6227)> Sansevieria trifasciata (0.6136)> Chlorophytum comosum (0.4956)> Ficus microcarpa var.pusillifolia(0.3461).
引文
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