可配置的智能仪表数据采集系统设计与实现
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摘要
在测试控制系统中,数据采集作为一个主要的组成部分,为测试管理与控制实时提供数据,为实验人员进行产品性能分析提供重要依据。为了缩短数据采集系统开发周期,避免重复编码,数据采集系统的研究与设计有着重要意义。
本文运用现代软件工程的思想,并结合现场数据采集的实际情况,综合考虑软件设计与系统硬件结构,在测试控制系统开发经验的基础上,设计并实现了可配置的智能仪表数据采集系统。
在系统硬件构成方面,本文给出了数据采集系统的主要构成因素,包括工控机、智能仪表、通信接口以及传感器等,并对各组成部分给出了简要介绍,同时描述了冰箱测试系统中数据采集硬件的连接,进一步给出了一般性的数据采集硬件连接图。
系统的整体设计决定着系统性能的优劣,对系统的详细设计与实现起决定作用。经过构造现场数据采集系统的探索,对系统整体设计方案进行了优化设计。早期的系统设计以实现功能为首要目标,测试管理与数据采集在一个应用程序中实现;为了避免数据采集的阻塞,我们采用多进程技术,将数据采集系统从原来的应用程序中独立出来,两个程序运行在一台工控机上;为了满足高效率数据采集的需求,我们进一步优化系统整体设计,将测试管理系统与数据采集系统独立开来,分别占用一台工控机,这样系统就有了充足的硬件资源可供利用,大大提高了系统运行的效率。此外还给出了系统开发环境、系统设计目标和系统功能分析。
本文还对系统涉及的几个关键问题给出了说明,包括数据采集阻塞问题的研究、VISA在数据采集系统中的应用,还对数据存储缓冲区的问题及仪表故障的判断与处理进行了探讨。
UML统一建模语言体现了现代软件工程的思想,因此在开发该系统时,我们利用了这一工具进行系统的建模,从用户需求的角度建立了用例模型,从开发人员的角度,给出了系统静态模型和动态模型,从这几个方面为系统详细设计奠定了基础。
本文着重进行了系统的详细设计与实现,经过实践的摸索,我们总结出在数据采集系统中常用的智能仪表及通信接口,数据采集的通用流程,在此基础上,对该系统进行模块化设计,在初始化模块,我们对智能仪表及通信接口等的相关参数进行了设置,引入了INI文件,避免了对程序的经常改动。此外本文对主要通信接口RS232/485及GPIB的编程实现给出了说明,论述了数据库的设计与管理,对数据采集系统与测试管理系统间的接口给出了描述,最后还给出了数据采集系统的抗干扰措施。
本文论述的数据采集系统,是在家电类产品测试的基础上提出的,因此具有一定的通用性,可以满足不同的家电产品如冰箱、空调、洗衣机等的测试需求。
In the test control system, data acquisition as a main portion provides data for test management and controlment timely, and supplies vital fact for experiment personnel doing product performance analysis. In order to shorten the development period of data acquisition system and avoid recoding, the research and design of data acquisition system has great significance.
This article adopts modern software engineering idea, and connects with the reality of data acquisition on the spot, also it considers software design and system hardware structure as a whole, on the base of development experience of test control system, this configurable data acquisition system based on intelligent instrument has been designed and realized.
With a view to system hardware, this article lists the main portion of the data acquisition system, this system includes industrial PC, intelligent instrument, communication interface, sensor and so on, this article briefly introduces each part, meanwhile describes the connection of data acquisition hardware in the refrigeratory test system , further brings out the general data acquisition hardware connection graph.
The holistic design of system decides its performance, influences the detail design and realization. After exploring the data acquisition system on the spot, the holistic design scheme of the system is designed optimally.The function realization is considered as first goal in the earlier system design, test management together with data acquisition are realized in one application; in order to avoid the block of data acquisition, the data acquisition system is separated from the application by adopting multi-process technology, , the two programs run on one industrial PC; for the sake of meeting the demand of high-efficiency data acquisition, the whole design of the system is optimized going a step further, the test management system and the data acquisition system is separated, they run on different industrial PC, so the whole system has sufficient hardware resources to utilize and the efficiency of the system is improved greatly. Further more, this article gives the development environment, the design aim and the function analysis of the system.
This article explains several key problems mentioned in the system, maily includes the research of data acquisition barrage, the use of VISA in the data acquisition system, and discusses the problem of data storage buffer, also introduces how to judge and deal with the instrument malfunction.
UML embodies the idea of modern software engineering, so during the development of the system, UML is used to modeling, from the user’s aspect, the case model is established, from the programmer’s aspect, the static and dynamic model is given, the modeling establishes foundation for the detail design of the system.
The article emphasizes the detail design and realization of the system, through practical grope, the intelligent instruments and communication interfaces in common use in the data acquisition system is concluded, and the general flow of data acquisition, basing on these, the system is designed using modularization methodology, in the part of initialization, the correlative parameters of intelligent instruments and communication interfaces are set, the introduce of INI document avoids regular modification of the program. Further more, this article explains the programme realization of the main communication interfaces, RS232/485 and GPIB, also it discusses the design and management of the database, and describes the interface between data acquisition system and test management system, at last, gives the anti-jamming measure of the data acquisition system.
The data acquisition system discussed in this article is put forward on the base of household electrical appliance test, so it is universal in certain extent and can satisfy the test requirement of different household electrical appliance such as refrigeratory, air-condition,washer.
本文运用现代软件工程的思想,并结合现场数据采集的实际情况,综合考虑软件设计与系统硬件结构,在测试控制系统开发经验的基础上,设计并实现了可配置的智能仪表数据采集系统。
在系统硬件构成方面,本文给出了数据采集系统的主要构成因素,包括工控机、智能仪表、通信接口以及传感器等,并对各组成部分给出了简要介绍,同时描述了冰箱测试系统中数据采集硬件的连接,进一步给出了一般性的数据采集硬件连接图。
系统的整体设计决定着系统性能的优劣,对系统的详细设计与实现起决定作用。经过构造现场数据采集系统的探索,对系统整体设计方案进行了优化设计。早期的系统设计以实现功能为首要目标,测试管理与数据采集在一个应用程序中实现;为了避免数据采集的阻塞,我们采用多进程技术,将数据采集系统从原来的应用程序中独立出来,两个程序运行在一台工控机上;为了满足高效率数据采集的需求,我们进一步优化系统整体设计,将测试管理系统与数据采集系统独立开来,分别占用一台工控机,这样系统就有了充足的硬件资源可供利用,大大提高了系统运行的效率。此外还给出了系统开发环境、系统设计目标和系统功能分析。
本文还对系统涉及的几个关键问题给出了说明,包括数据采集阻塞问题的研究、VISA在数据采集系统中的应用,还对数据存储缓冲区的问题及仪表故障的判断与处理进行了探讨。
UML统一建模语言体现了现代软件工程的思想,因此在开发该系统时,我们利用了这一工具进行系统的建模,从用户需求的角度建立了用例模型,从开发人员的角度,给出了系统静态模型和动态模型,从这几个方面为系统详细设计奠定了基础。
本文着重进行了系统的详细设计与实现,经过实践的摸索,我们总结出在数据采集系统中常用的智能仪表及通信接口,数据采集的通用流程,在此基础上,对该系统进行模块化设计,在初始化模块,我们对智能仪表及通信接口等的相关参数进行了设置,引入了INI文件,避免了对程序的经常改动。此外本文对主要通信接口RS232/485及GPIB的编程实现给出了说明,论述了数据库的设计与管理,对数据采集系统与测试管理系统间的接口给出了描述,最后还给出了数据采集系统的抗干扰措施。
本文论述的数据采集系统,是在家电类产品测试的基础上提出的,因此具有一定的通用性,可以满足不同的家电产品如冰箱、空调、洗衣机等的测试需求。
In the test control system, data acquisition as a main portion provides data for test management and controlment timely, and supplies vital fact for experiment personnel doing product performance analysis. In order to shorten the development period of data acquisition system and avoid recoding, the research and design of data acquisition system has great significance.
This article adopts modern software engineering idea, and connects with the reality of data acquisition on the spot, also it considers software design and system hardware structure as a whole, on the base of development experience of test control system, this configurable data acquisition system based on intelligent instrument has been designed and realized.
With a view to system hardware, this article lists the main portion of the data acquisition system, this system includes industrial PC, intelligent instrument, communication interface, sensor and so on, this article briefly introduces each part, meanwhile describes the connection of data acquisition hardware in the refrigeratory test system , further brings out the general data acquisition hardware connection graph.
The holistic design of system decides its performance, influences the detail design and realization. After exploring the data acquisition system on the spot, the holistic design scheme of the system is designed optimally.The function realization is considered as first goal in the earlier system design, test management together with data acquisition are realized in one application; in order to avoid the block of data acquisition, the data acquisition system is separated from the application by adopting multi-process technology, , the two programs run on one industrial PC; for the sake of meeting the demand of high-efficiency data acquisition, the whole design of the system is optimized going a step further, the test management system and the data acquisition system is separated, they run on different industrial PC, so the whole system has sufficient hardware resources to utilize and the efficiency of the system is improved greatly. Further more, this article gives the development environment, the design aim and the function analysis of the system.
This article explains several key problems mentioned in the system, maily includes the research of data acquisition barrage, the use of VISA in the data acquisition system, and discusses the problem of data storage buffer, also introduces how to judge and deal with the instrument malfunction.
UML embodies the idea of modern software engineering, so during the development of the system, UML is used to modeling, from the user’s aspect, the case model is established, from the programmer’s aspect, the static and dynamic model is given, the modeling establishes foundation for the detail design of the system.
The article emphasizes the detail design and realization of the system, through practical grope, the intelligent instruments and communication interfaces in common use in the data acquisition system is concluded, and the general flow of data acquisition, basing on these, the system is designed using modularization methodology, in the part of initialization, the correlative parameters of intelligent instruments and communication interfaces are set, the introduce of INI document avoids regular modification of the program. Further more, this article explains the programme realization of the main communication interfaces, RS232/485 and GPIB, also it discusses the design and management of the database, and describes the interface between data acquisition system and test management system, at last, gives the anti-jamming measure of the data acquisition system.
The data acquisition system discussed in this article is put forward on the base of household electrical appliance test, so it is universal in certain extent and can satisfy the test requirement of different household electrical appliance such as refrigeratory, air-condition,washer.
引文
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[3]许心传.浅谈工控机与现场总线.工业控制计算机,2000,13(6):1～4
[4]张正芳,谭斯璐.工业PC数据采集和控制系统.机械与电子,1995,2:39～42
[5]邓刚.浅谈智能型仪表的发展与应用.数字石油和化工,2006,6:47～49
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[7]王忠伟.基于RS232接口的环境试验设备自动测试系统的设计.工业计量,2006,增刊2:115～116,166
[8]张冰,苏燕辰.基于RS485总线技术的微机与智能仪表的双向通信设计.中国测试技术2005,31(1):84～86,91
[9]王金富,刘平,高胜法.基于RS-485总线的数据采集与控制系统.自动化仪表,2003,24(9):57～60
[10]李小玲.通讯接口专题综述.攀枝花学院学报,2004,21(4):89～93
[11]周修理,杨方,陈萍.常见的串行通讯接口标准.电测与仪表,2001,38(4):33～35
[12]刘正国,鲍俊,刘唯.基于GPIB接口的程序设计.上海第二工业大学学报,2004,1:24～27
[13]罗光坤,张令弥,王彤.基于GPIB接口的仪器与计算机之间的通讯.仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):634～637
[14]杨会民,田秋成,邢建功,等.基于GPIB接口的自动测试系统.微计算机信息,2005,21(1):93～94,147
[15]邱健,扬冠玲,何振江.实现波形和数据采集的虚拟仪器技术.国外电子测量技术,2002,21(3) :24～27
[16]李莹,孟军霞.USB接口通讯的分析与研究.焦作大学学报,2006,2:67～68
[17]马敬东,陈明方.基于USB串口通信数据采集技术的实施.仪表技术与传感器,2007,2:68～69,75
[18]郑彦平.传感器的分类、构成与发展动向.云南民族学院学报(自然科学版),2001,10(1):308～310
[19]刘爱琴.测温智能仪表中温度传感器的选择与使用.国外电子元器件,2002,9:64～66
[20] (美)John Clark Craig. Visual Basic 6.0程序开发环境.北京:北京大学出版社,1999.7～10
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