高档数控系统的功能规划和关键技术研究
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摘要
数控技术是现代装备制造业的基础,关系到国家战略地位和体现一个国家综合科技水平,也是国家中长期科技计划十六个重大专项中的关键技术。具有高速高精度控制、五轴联动插补、多通道控制和车铣复合技术的高档数控系统更是上升到战略物资的高度,成为发达国家限制中国进口的产品,在国内还没有相应的产品。对高档数控系统的功能进行完整的规划,并研究其各种功能的工艺方法和计算机软件的规划成为开发高档数控系统的重要工作。
本文对国外著名的高档数控系统的各项控制功能、编程体系和工艺特点、对高档数控系统体系结构、编程标准规范、高档数控功能的工艺及算法进行了深入地研究,主要完成了如下的工作:
一、对高档数控系统的整体系统功能进行规划,提出了开发高档数控系统需要实现的五个重要组成技术:数控系统的软件结构、高级编程功能、复合循环功能、复杂运动控制和多通道控制。
二、分析了数控系统软件结构的总体规划,给出了基于PC及通用操作系统的数控系统的控制过程,数控系统软件的功能需求以及软件特点。
三、分析了数控系统中的高级语言(宏程序)的功能特点,通过SIEMENS840D的@语句和控制结构的分析,描述了开发宏程序的计算机软件流程,为数控系统高级编程功能的实现提供了基础。
四、分析了数控系统中的复合循环功能,通过对SIEMENS840D的钻孔、铣削、车削、螺纹指令的工艺实现分析,描述了复合循环的软件开发流程。
五、研究了高档数控系统中的五轴联动加工、复合加工、斜轴加工等复杂运动控制的功能,给出了解决这些复杂运动控制所必须的多坐标变换、直角坐标系转换的数学模型。
六、研究了数控系统中的多通道控制的实现方法,提出了多通道逻辑级干涉控制的解决方案,并通过实例进行了过程描述,可为多通道控制功能的开发提供借鉴。
通过上述研究工作的开展,为自主高档数控系统的开发以及高档系统的产业化奠定了良好的基础。
CNC technology is the basis for modern equipment manufacturing industry, relating to national strategies and reflecting the status of a nation's comprehensive scientific and technological level, also is the national medium and long-term science and technology projects in 16 major projects in key technologies. High-grade CNC system with high-speed、high-precision control、five-axis interpolation、multi-channel control and turn-milling control technology is increased to a high degree of strategic materials, and becomes the developed country limit the product which China imports, domestic have not had the corresponding product now. It becomes a very important high-end CNC work that planning a complete functions of high-grade CNC system and studying the various functions of technology and computer software's plan.
This paper has depth researched a high-grade CNC system structure、programming standards、high-grade CNC function technology and algorithm features refering to a large number of famous overseas high-grade CNC system of the control function、the programming system and technology features, and mainly completed following work:
First, a overall system function of high-grade CNC system was planned, proposed the development of high-grade CNC system need to realize five important composition technologies: CNC system software structure、high-level programming function、composite cycle function、complex movement control and multi-channel control function.
Second, a overall planning of CNC system software structure was analyzed,and also gave CNC control system、CNC system software functional requirements and software features based on PC and the general operating system.
Third, high-level language(macro programs)features of CNC system were analyed, and described the development of macro programs computer software processes through analysising SIEMENS840D @ sentence and control structure, and also provided the basis for the realization of high-level programming function of CNC system.
Fourth, composite cycle function of CNC system was analyed, and described the development flow of composite cycle software through analysising technology realization of SIEMENS840D instructions such as drilling & milling & turning & threading.
Fifth, we researched high-grade CNC system motion control functions such as five-axis processing、composite processing and oblique-axis machining, and also gave the mathematics model of the multi-coordinate transformation and the rectangular coordinate transformation to solve these complex movement control.
Sixth, we researched the multi-channel control realization method in CNC system, and also put forward a method to control multi-channel logic level interference, and carried on the process description through the example, provided useful reference for the multi-channel control function's development.
Through carring out the above research work, it has laid the good foundation for the independent high-grade CNC system's development and industrialization.
本文对国外著名的高档数控系统的各项控制功能、编程体系和工艺特点、对高档数控系统体系结构、编程标准规范、高档数控功能的工艺及算法进行了深入地研究,主要完成了如下的工作:
一、对高档数控系统的整体系统功能进行规划,提出了开发高档数控系统需要实现的五个重要组成技术:数控系统的软件结构、高级编程功能、复合循环功能、复杂运动控制和多通道控制。
二、分析了数控系统软件结构的总体规划,给出了基于PC及通用操作系统的数控系统的控制过程,数控系统软件的功能需求以及软件特点。
三、分析了数控系统中的高级语言(宏程序)的功能特点,通过SIEMENS840D的@语句和控制结构的分析,描述了开发宏程序的计算机软件流程,为数控系统高级编程功能的实现提供了基础。
四、分析了数控系统中的复合循环功能,通过对SIEMENS840D的钻孔、铣削、车削、螺纹指令的工艺实现分析,描述了复合循环的软件开发流程。
五、研究了高档数控系统中的五轴联动加工、复合加工、斜轴加工等复杂运动控制的功能,给出了解决这些复杂运动控制所必须的多坐标变换、直角坐标系转换的数学模型。
六、研究了数控系统中的多通道控制的实现方法,提出了多通道逻辑级干涉控制的解决方案,并通过实例进行了过程描述,可为多通道控制功能的开发提供借鉴。
通过上述研究工作的开展,为自主高档数控系统的开发以及高档系统的产业化奠定了良好的基础。
CNC technology is the basis for modern equipment manufacturing industry, relating to national strategies and reflecting the status of a nation's comprehensive scientific and technological level, also is the national medium and long-term science and technology projects in 16 major projects in key technologies. High-grade CNC system with high-speed、high-precision control、five-axis interpolation、multi-channel control and turn-milling control technology is increased to a high degree of strategic materials, and becomes the developed country limit the product which China imports, domestic have not had the corresponding product now. It becomes a very important high-end CNC work that planning a complete functions of high-grade CNC system and studying the various functions of technology and computer software's plan.
This paper has depth researched a high-grade CNC system structure、programming standards、high-grade CNC function technology and algorithm features refering to a large number of famous overseas high-grade CNC system of the control function、the programming system and technology features, and mainly completed following work:
First, a overall system function of high-grade CNC system was planned, proposed the development of high-grade CNC system need to realize five important composition technologies: CNC system software structure、high-level programming function、composite cycle function、complex movement control and multi-channel control function.
Second, a overall planning of CNC system software structure was analyzed,and also gave CNC control system、CNC system software functional requirements and software features based on PC and the general operating system.
Third, high-level language(macro programs)features of CNC system were analyed, and described the development of macro programs computer software processes through analysising SIEMENS840D @ sentence and control structure, and also provided the basis for the realization of high-level programming function of CNC system.
Fourth, composite cycle function of CNC system was analyed, and described the development flow of composite cycle software through analysising technology realization of SIEMENS840D instructions such as drilling & milling & turning & threading.
Fifth, we researched high-grade CNC system motion control functions such as five-axis processing、composite processing and oblique-axis machining, and also gave the mathematics model of the multi-coordinate transformation and the rectangular coordinate transformation to solve these complex movement control.
Sixth, we researched the multi-channel control realization method in CNC system, and also put forward a method to control multi-channel logic level interference, and carried on the process description through the example, provided useful reference for the multi-channel control function's development.
Through carring out the above research work, it has laid the good foundation for the independent high-grade CNC system's development and industrialization.
引文
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[2]盛伯浩,我国数控机床现状与技术发展策略,现代金属加工,2005.6:38-45
[3]杨皖苏,严鸿和,我国数控产业发展策略研究,机械设计与制造工程,2001,30(1):1-3
[4] 1999年世界机床产值统计,制造技术与机床,2000,(7),1
[5]华中科技大学国家数控系统工程技术研究中心,机械工业教育发展中心,中国数控人才市场需求与教育现状的调研报告,2003
[6]王贵明,数控实用技术,北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[7]陈虎,高端数控系统的功能特征和性能特征,中国工控网
[8]黄和祥,刘曙光,浅谈数控机床现状及发展趋势,机械研究与应用,2005.18(3):2-4
[9]章福元,方江龙,汤季安,对我国数控技术发展的思考,中国机械工程,2001.5
[10]林峰等,开放式数控系统的现状及发展趋势,机械,2003第30卷增刊
[11]李佳特,数控技术的发展,机械工艺师,2003.3:5-7
[12] Pritschow G,Daniel Ch,Open System Controller-A Challenger for the Future of the Machine Tool Industry[J],Annals of the CIRP,1999(42):1
[13] Frederick,Proctor,James,Albus,Open Architecture Controllers[C],IEEE SPECTRUM,1997
[14] Japan OSEC , Open system environment for controller architecture overview(Draft 2.0),1997
[15]张曙,数控机床发展的新趋势,数字化制造与装备,2005.5
[16]陈蕾,谈峰,数控机床的发展趋势,机械设计与制造,2005.9
[17]韩江,郑晓锋,陈祥敏,现代数控机床技术及应用,合肥工业大学出版社,2005
[18]廖效果,刘又午,朱剑英,数控技术,湖北科技出版社,2000
[19]严爱珍,李宏胜,机床数控原理与系统,机械工程出版社,1998
[20] Mike Matton,CNC Programming Principles and Application,北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[21]梁美兰,浅谈学习宏程序编程的意义,科技与工艺介绍,2008.17:58-59
[22]周宏,数控技术,华南理工大学出版社,2000.9
[23]汪木兰,数控原理与系统,机械工业出版社,2004
[24]赵东林,方凯,钱伟,郑晓锋,黄迎华,三轴机床数控系统软件的设计与开发,2006.9:34-36
[25]贾敏忠,詹友基,谢明红,WINDOWS平台上数控系统软件结构的研究,福建工程学院学报,2006.2:77-79
[26]孙悦红,编译原理及实现,北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[27]陈家新,DOS环境下实时多任务调度策略的实现,计算机应用,2000,20(3):45-47
[28]王世寰,王永章,付云忠,基于DOS/WINDOWS系统平台数控系统实时控制的研究,测控技术,2003,22(3):29-31
[29]文清华,WINDIWS环境下数控软件实时控制的实现,机床与液压,2003,12(3):139-140
[30]石玗,基于DOS/WINDOWS系统的实时多任务控制软件设计方法研究,甘肃工业大学学报,2001,27(4):1-4
[31] Peter Smid,FANUC数控系统用户宏程序与编程技巧,化学工业出版社,2007
[32]朱笑冰,宏指令(@)及其应用,制造技术与机床,2002,(2):49-50
[33]滕倬,SIEMENS系统宏指令编程及应用,制造技术与机床,2003,(3):60-62
[34]肖庆和,SIEMENS系统宏指令及参数R在数控编程中的应用,制造技术与机床,2005,(8):125-127
[35]王占富,数控编程技术探讨,煤矿机械,2003(8):53-54
[36] Sinumerik 840D_840Di_810D高级编程手册,版本10/2004
[37]王治森,赵福民,张勇,数控系统加工程序的编译,合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,23(1):95-98
[38]吕映芝,张素芹,编译原理,北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[39]杜淑敏,编译程序设计原理,北京:北京大学出版社,2000
[40]李文生,编译程序设计原理与技术,北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002
[41]卢晓平,数控机床加工与编程,北京电子科技大学出版社,1999
[42]谭浩强,C程序设计,北京:清华大学出版社,1994
[43]沙智华,张生芳,通用数控代码编译系统的研究与实现,中国机械工程,2003,14(9):763-766
[44]黄新燕,蔡理,数控程序编辑及语法检查系统的开发,机床与液压,2002(6):193-194
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