沉积物热导率测试仪关键技术研究
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摘要
海底热流数据是开展海洋油气资源综合评价的一个重要参数。利用测量的海底热流数据,结合盆地演化认识和数值手段,可以获得各烃源层所经历的温度史,借助有机质成熟模型,有望揭示有机质的成熟历史,从而指导油气的勘探开发。海底热流值也是准确评价和预测天然气水合物资源潜力的重要依据。海底地热研究包含海底温度、沉积物热导率和地温梯度等多项地热参数的测量与计算,
本文的工作围绕沉积物热导率的多通道测量技术展开。其测试原理采用中心线热源法,该方法基于二维非稳态热传导的平面径向热流模型,硬件上采用单探针持续加热的方法,该方法具有热流模型简单,测试效率高等优点。
海底沉积物热导率的多通道技术包含高精度高灵敏度的环境温度检测技术,测量探针结构技术,热脉冲控制与激发技术,高精度温度测量技术和热导率的SAM算法五个部分。
高精度高灵敏的环境温度的测量首先确保开始测量前沉积物与温度传感器达到平衡,高精度温度测量技术采用高灵敏度的热敏电阻作为传感器,利用Agilent34401A作为热敏电阻的阻值测量仪器,在单片机模块的基础上实现多通道的测量,上位机使用SCPI语言作为编程语言,在读取热敏电阻阻值的基础上利用插值法实现温度的高精度高分辨率测量。
热脉冲控制与激发技术采用控制可控恒流源模块的电流去加热卡玛丝的方法,实现了30mA-900mA的控制精度,电流控制的稳定性可以达到0.1%,在单片机模块的基础上实现多通道的激发。
测量探针结构技术选用小口径的薄壁钢管,内部封装加热丝与热敏电阻,实现加热与测温一体化。
热导率的SAM算法充分考虑中心线热源的边界条件,充分利用计算机技术剔除不合格的解,确保测试数据的可靠性。
多通道热导率测试仪在建筑用细沙,深海沉积物和标准石英样三种试样的基础上,完成了热导率测试仪的自检精度与互检精度,得出了热导率测试仪可以实现八通道测量,自检精度可以达到7%,互检精度可以达到15%的指标,基本可以满足海底沉积物热导率的要求。与国外的TK04热导仪相比具有测试通道多,测量效率高等优点。
本文依托国家“十一五”863天然气水合物专项“天然气水合物的热流原位探测技术”和国家“十一五”863探索项目“海底沉积物热导率的多通道测量技术”,为以后的热导率测试仪的进一步开发提供了研究基础。
Submarine geothermal research is critical to the comprehensive evaluation of the marine oil and gas resources. Combining with the knowledge of the basin evolution, it can help us to understand the temperature history of hydrocarbon source beds, even the organic matter maturehistory------which is important on the exploration of the marine oil and nature gas. Submarinegeothermal research is also important for the accurate evaluation and prediction of the natural gas hydrate resources. It consists of the measurement and calculation of the submarine temperature, the sediment thermal conductivity and the geothermal gradient, et al.
This work is focus on the multi-channel measurement technology of the sediment thermal conductivity. The theory of line source method is adopted because it is one of the simple heat flow models and has been tested having high testing efficiency. This method is based on two-dimensional unsteady heat conduction's plane radial heat flow model, and the hardware is designed using a single-probe continued heating method
The technology of the multi-channel measurement of seafloor sediment thermal conductivity includes the high precision and sensitivity environment temperature detection, the structure of the measuring probe, the control and the stimulation of the heat impulse, the high-precision measurement technology of temperature and the thermal conductivity SAM algorithm.
The environment temperature detection technology is realized on the basis of the temperature balance between the sensor (thermistor) and the testing system. For the high-precision temperature measurement, the Agilent34401A is employed as the resistance measuring instruments of the thermistor with high temperature sensitivity, and the multi-channel measurement is realized based on one-chip computer module. The interpolation algorithm is utilized in the upper computer to achieve high precision and resolution values of the temperature by reading the resistance of the thermistor. The programming language is SCPI language.
Heat impulse control and stimulation is realized by controlling the current of the controllable constant-current-source module to heat Kama wire. The current can be controlled in the area of 30mA-900mA and the stability can achieve 0.1 percent. The multi-channel excitation is realized on the basis of one-chip computer module.
The measuring probe is made of small-caliber thin-walled steel pipe by encapsulating heating wire and thermistor internally so as to achieve simultaneous heating and temperature measurement.
Thermal conductivity SAM algorithm takes the line source method boundary conditions into account and makes use of computer technology to eliminate unqualified solution to ensure the reliability of the test data.
Multi-channel thermal conductivity meter has been tested with three samples, fine sand, submarine sediment and standards quartz. In the test, the meter can realize eight-channel measurement and achieve the self-inspection precision of 7% as well as the mutual precision of 15%. The results proved the meter can meet the requirement of the practice of the submarine sediment thermal conductivity measurement. Comparing with the foreign TK04 thermal conductivity meter, our meter has several advantages, such as the multi -channel and high efficiency.
Our work is involved in the "the eleventh five-year plan" 863 natural gas hydrate special project "natural gas hydrate heat flow in situ detection technology" and the "the eleventh five-year plan"863 exploration project "the multi-channel measurement technology of the sediment thermal conductivity",. The paper may also provide research foundation of further development of the thermal conductivity measurement.
本文的工作围绕沉积物热导率的多通道测量技术展开。其测试原理采用中心线热源法,该方法基于二维非稳态热传导的平面径向热流模型,硬件上采用单探针持续加热的方法,该方法具有热流模型简单,测试效率高等优点。
海底沉积物热导率的多通道技术包含高精度高灵敏度的环境温度检测技术,测量探针结构技术,热脉冲控制与激发技术,高精度温度测量技术和热导率的SAM算法五个部分。
高精度高灵敏的环境温度的测量首先确保开始测量前沉积物与温度传感器达到平衡,高精度温度测量技术采用高灵敏度的热敏电阻作为传感器,利用Agilent34401A作为热敏电阻的阻值测量仪器,在单片机模块的基础上实现多通道的测量,上位机使用SCPI语言作为编程语言,在读取热敏电阻阻值的基础上利用插值法实现温度的高精度高分辨率测量。
热脉冲控制与激发技术采用控制可控恒流源模块的电流去加热卡玛丝的方法,实现了30mA-900mA的控制精度,电流控制的稳定性可以达到0.1%,在单片机模块的基础上实现多通道的激发。
测量探针结构技术选用小口径的薄壁钢管,内部封装加热丝与热敏电阻,实现加热与测温一体化。
热导率的SAM算法充分考虑中心线热源的边界条件,充分利用计算机技术剔除不合格的解,确保测试数据的可靠性。
多通道热导率测试仪在建筑用细沙,深海沉积物和标准石英样三种试样的基础上,完成了热导率测试仪的自检精度与互检精度,得出了热导率测试仪可以实现八通道测量,自检精度可以达到7%,互检精度可以达到15%的指标,基本可以满足海底沉积物热导率的要求。与国外的TK04热导仪相比具有测试通道多,测量效率高等优点。
本文依托国家“十一五”863天然气水合物专项“天然气水合物的热流原位探测技术”和国家“十一五”863探索项目“海底沉积物热导率的多通道测量技术”,为以后的热导率测试仪的进一步开发提供了研究基础。
Submarine geothermal research is critical to the comprehensive evaluation of the marine oil and gas resources. Combining with the knowledge of the basin evolution, it can help us to understand the temperature history of hydrocarbon source beds, even the organic matter maturehistory------which is important on the exploration of the marine oil and nature gas. Submarinegeothermal research is also important for the accurate evaluation and prediction of the natural gas hydrate resources. It consists of the measurement and calculation of the submarine temperature, the sediment thermal conductivity and the geothermal gradient, et al.
This work is focus on the multi-channel measurement technology of the sediment thermal conductivity. The theory of line source method is adopted because it is one of the simple heat flow models and has been tested having high testing efficiency. This method is based on two-dimensional unsteady heat conduction's plane radial heat flow model, and the hardware is designed using a single-probe continued heating method
The technology of the multi-channel measurement of seafloor sediment thermal conductivity includes the high precision and sensitivity environment temperature detection, the structure of the measuring probe, the control and the stimulation of the heat impulse, the high-precision measurement technology of temperature and the thermal conductivity SAM algorithm.
The environment temperature detection technology is realized on the basis of the temperature balance between the sensor (thermistor) and the testing system. For the high-precision temperature measurement, the Agilent34401A is employed as the resistance measuring instruments of the thermistor with high temperature sensitivity, and the multi-channel measurement is realized based on one-chip computer module. The interpolation algorithm is utilized in the upper computer to achieve high precision and resolution values of the temperature by reading the resistance of the thermistor. The programming language is SCPI language.
Heat impulse control and stimulation is realized by controlling the current of the controllable constant-current-source module to heat Kama wire. The current can be controlled in the area of 30mA-900mA and the stability can achieve 0.1 percent. The multi-channel excitation is realized on the basis of one-chip computer module.
The measuring probe is made of small-caliber thin-walled steel pipe by encapsulating heating wire and thermistor internally so as to achieve simultaneous heating and temperature measurement.
Thermal conductivity SAM algorithm takes the line source method boundary conditions into account and makes use of computer technology to eliminate unqualified solution to ensure the reliability of the test data.
Multi-channel thermal conductivity meter has been tested with three samples, fine sand, submarine sediment and standards quartz. In the test, the meter can realize eight-channel measurement and achieve the self-inspection precision of 7% as well as the mutual precision of 15%. The results proved the meter can meet the requirement of the practice of the submarine sediment thermal conductivity measurement. Comparing with the foreign TK04 thermal conductivity meter, our meter has several advantages, such as the multi -channel and high efficiency.
Our work is involved in the "the eleventh five-year plan" 863 natural gas hydrate special project "natural gas hydrate heat flow in situ detection technology" and the "the eleventh five-year plan"863 exploration project "the multi-channel measurement technology of the sediment thermal conductivity",. The paper may also provide research foundation of further development of the thermal conductivity measurement.
引文
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[2]汪集旸,胡圣标,杨文采等.中国大陆科学钻探先导孔地热测量[J].2001年10期.P847-850
[3]何丽娟,胡圣标,杨文采等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔动态地温测量[J].地球物理学报,2006年5月第49卷第03期.P745-752
[4]欧新功,金振民等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔100～2000m岩石热导率及其各向异性:对研究俯冲带热结构的启示[J].岩石学报,2004年第01期.P109-118
[5]吴耀,金振民等.中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔地区岩石圈热结构[J].岩石学报,2005年第02期.P439-450
[6]沈显杰,杨淑贞,张文仁编著.岩石热物理性质及其测量.北京:科学出版社,1988.P1-6,P53-P59,P100-P102,P170-P177
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[8]彭担任,李洪震等.煤系地层热导率测试研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2000年9月第28卷第9期.P35-38
[9]注缉安等.地热与石油.北京:科学出版社,1981.P1-P14
[I0]Von Herzen,V.&Maxwell,A.E.,1959,Needle probe method of measuring the thermal conductivity of deepsea sediment,J.Geophys.Res.,Vol.64,No.10,pp.1157-1163.
[11]Beck,A.E.et al.,1956,Measurement of rock thermal conductivity through observation in drill holes,J.Australian Physics,Vol.9,No.2,pp.286-296.
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[13]Beck,A.E.&Beck,J.M.,1958,Determination of rock thermal conductivity based on observations on divided bar apparatus,Transactions of AGU,Vol.39,No.6,pp.1111-1123.
[14]Sass.J.H.et al,1971a,Heat flow in the Western United States,J.Geophys.Res.,Vol.76,No.26,pp.6381-6395.
[15]Sass,J.H.et al.,1971b,Thermal conductivity of rocks from measurements on fragments and its application to heat flow determinations,J.Geophys.Res.,Vol.76,No.14,pp.3391-3401
[16]Sass,J.H.et al.,1984,Laboratory line-source method for the measurements of thermal conductivity of rocks near room temperatures,USGS Open-file Report 84-91,pp.1-20
[17]Daniel Pribnow,Masataka Kinoshita,Carol Stein,2000,Thermal Data Collection and Heat Flow Recalculations for Ocean Drilling Program Legs 101-180,ODP Heat Flow Report
[18]T.J.Lewis,H.Villinger,and E.E.Davis,1992,Thermal conductivity measurement of rock fragments using a pulsed needle probe,
[19]杨淑贞,张文仁,环形热源探头测量岩石热导率的方法,中国科学院地质研究所地质科技成果选集,第一集,文物出版社.1982.P125-132
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[2]汪集旸,胡圣标,杨文采等.中国大陆科学钻探先导孔地热测量[J].2001年10期.P847-850
[3]何丽娟,胡圣标,杨文采等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔动态地温测量[J].地球物理学报,2006年5月第49卷第03期.P745-752
[4]欧新功,金振民等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔100～2000m岩石热导率及其各向异性:对研究俯冲带热结构的启示[J].岩石学报,2004年第01期.P109-118
[5]吴耀,金振民等.中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔地区岩石圈热结构[J].岩石学报,2005年第02期.P439-450
[6]沈显杰,杨淑贞,张文仁编著.岩石热物理性质及其测量.北京:科学出版社,1988.P1-6,P53-P59,P100-P102,P170-P177
[7]中国科学院地质研究所地热室编著.矿山地热概论.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.P109-P110
[8]彭担任,李洪震等.煤系地层热导率测试研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2000年9月第28卷第9期.P35-38
[9]注缉安等.地热与石油.北京:科学出版社,1981.P1-P14
[I0]Von Herzen,V.&Maxwell,A.E.,1959,Needle probe method of measuring the thermal conductivity of deepsea sediment,J.Geophys.Res.,Vol.64,No.10,pp.1157-1163.
[11]Beck,A.E.et al.,1956,Measurement of rock thermal conductivity through observation in drill holes,J.Australian Physics,Vol.9,No.2,pp.286-296.
[12]Beck,A.E,1957,steady-state method for rapid measurements of rock thermal conductivity(Divided bar method),J.Scient.Instr.Vol.34,No.5,pp.186-189.
[13]Beck,A.E.&Beck,J.M.,1958,Determination of rock thermal conductivity based on observations on divided bar apparatus,Transactions of AGU,Vol.39,No.6,pp.1111-1123.
[14]Sass.J.H.et al,1971a,Heat flow in the Western United States,J.Geophys.Res.,Vol.76,No.26,pp.6381-6395.
[15]Sass,J.H.et al.,1971b,Thermal conductivity of rocks from measurements on fragments and its application to heat flow determinations,J.Geophys.Res.,Vol.76,No.14,pp.3391-3401
[16]Sass,J.H.et al.,1984,Laboratory line-source method for the measurements of thermal conductivity of rocks near room temperatures,USGS Open-file Report 84-91,pp.1-20
[17]Daniel Pribnow,Masataka Kinoshita,Carol Stein,2000,Thermal Data Collection and Heat Flow Recalculations for Ocean Drilling Program Legs 101-180,ODP Heat Flow Report
[18]T.J.Lewis,H.Villinger,and E.E.Davis,1992,Thermal conductivity measurement of rock fragments using a pulsed needle probe,
[19]杨淑贞,张文仁,环形热源探头测量岩石热导率的方法,中国科学院地质研究所地质科技成果选集,第一集,文物出版社.1982.P125-132
[20]杨淑贞等,HY-1型程控数字化非稳态环形热源岩石热导仪,地质科学,第2期.1987.P87-93
[21]沈显杰等,我国首次建成二套程控数字化岩石热导仪,科学通报,第11期.1986.P25-29
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