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陕西关中小麦品种(品系)磨粉品质性状研究
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摘要
以参加陕西省 1999/2000 年度和 2000/2001 年度中肥组小麦品种区域试验的小麦
    品种(品系)为研究对象,以陕 229 和小偃 6 号、高优 503、小偃 107 等近年来有生
    产规模的优质小麦为对照,通过对籽粒物理性状、磨粉品质性状的分析,旨在认识陕
    西关中冬小麦磨粉品质现状,发现磨粉品质性状较好的品系,分析磨粉品质的年际差
    异,并提出该地区小麦磨粉品质性状改良的前景。
     试验结果表明:
     1.陕西关中小麦近年来育成品种具有较高的千粒重和容重,硬质小麦占大多数。
    两年度参试小麦千粒重平均高于 40g,容重平均高于 780g/L,多数样本硬度在 50%以
    上。
     2.陕西关中近年育成品种(品系)磨粉品质性状有较大差异。品种间 1B 取粉率、
    1 次出粉率变异系数均在 10%以上,最终出粉率和磨粉质量值变异系数接近 10%。两
    年度参试样本的最终出粉率分别为 58.75%和 59.37%。
     3.一些大粒型和近圆型的品种(品系)如军绿 4 号、97(39)、小偃 107 等有较
    高的出粉率,是关中小麦品质较好的材料。
     4.参试品系籽粒物理性状年际间差异大,磨粉品质年际间差异小。
     5.根据小麦籽粒性状与磨粉品质性状的相关性分析,认为:千粒重、籽粒厚度
    与磨粉品质有关,是预测籽粒出粉率的重要性状。1B取粉率、1 次出粉率、面粉灰分、
    最终出粉率等磨粉品性状之间呈显著正相关关系。
     6.根据以上结果初步认为:提高籽粒千粒重,长度与厚度的比值,是改良关中
    小麦磨粉品质关键性状。
Compared with the wheat varieties of Shaan 229, Xiaoyan 6, Gaoyou 503 and
    Xiaoyan 107, grain physical qualities and milling qualities of the wheat varieties and lines
    that were coming from Shaanxi province medium fertile region test of 1999~2000 and
    2000~2001 were analyzed. According to the results, the condition of milling qualities of
    winter wheat in Shaanxi Guanzhong region was showed, the varieties and lines which had
    good milling qualities were selected, the difference between years was researched, and the
    way to improve the qualities was suggested.
     1. The average thousand-kernel weight of samples was higher than 40g. The average
    test weight was higher than 780g/L. The hardness of most of samples was above 50%.
     2. The CV(coefficient of variation) between varieties of 1B flour extraction and once
    flour extraction was above 10%, and of final milling yields and milling quality number was
    close to 10%. The average final flour yields of wheat varieties of 1999~2000 and 2000~
    2001 were 58.75% and 59.37%.
     3. The wheat varieties of Junlü4 , 97(39) and Xiaoyan 107 that had the big or
    pearling kernel had high milling yields and good milling qualities.
     4. The difference between years of grain physical qualities was significant, and of
    milling quality index was small.
     5. According to the correlation analysis between wheat grain physical qualities and
    milling qualities, the thousand –kernel weight and thickness of grain that was related to the
    milling qualities had the ability to forecast the milling yields. The 1B flour extraction, the
    once flour extraction, the ash content and final flour yields were positively related to the
    milling qualities significantly.
     6. The thousand-kernel weight and the ratio of the length to the thickness of wheat
    kernel were the key properties to improve the wheat milling qualities.
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