基于多尺度分形的数字水印算法研究
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摘要
近年来,随着数字通信的发展,计算机网络“廉价而快速”的特性得到了数字多媒体传输的青睐。但是众所周知,数字多媒体在传输过程中极易被复制和修改。因而,作为保护数字多媒体产品知识产权的重要技术,数字水印技术受到国内外学者的关注,并得到了广泛的研究与应用。
分形作为非线性科学的一个重要分支,已经渗透到包括数字水印在内的图像处理的各个领域。针对现有的部分数字水印算法在鲁棒性方面的不足,本文研究了分形理论和Contourlet变换在数字水印方面的应用。论文主要进行了如下工作：
首先,将分形编码应用到了数字水印中,改进了传统的分块DCT域水印算法的鲁棒性,实现了有意义水印的嵌入与提取。
其次,提出了一种多重分形和二维Logistic混沌映射相结合的图像水印算法,该算法是基于Contourlet和Wavelet的。比较了算法在两种变换域的水印性能,从而确认Contourlet在图像水印方面的发展潜力。
第三,根据有权验证的需要和水印算法的发展方向,提出了一种结合多重分形和Contourlet变换的图像水印新算法。该算法在水印提取时不需要原始图像,实现了水印的盲提取。
最后,本文对所提出的算法做了大量的鲁棒性实验,实验表明,三种算法在满足不可见的条件下,能够较好的抵抗JPEG.添加噪声等一些常见攻击。
In recent years, Internet is an excellent distribution system for digital media because it is cheap and fast. It is known that digital media can be easily replicated and modified. Thus, digital watermarking has been developed to protect the copyright and integrity of multi-media content.
As a very important brand of nonlinear scientific research, fractal theory has spread over lots of areas of image processing including digital watermarking. In view of some algorithms to the robustness, the thesis conducts a primary research on the digital watermarking by fractal and Contourlet transform.
Firstly, fractal coding is applied to the digital watermarking and traditional sub-block DCT algorithm is improved. The embedding and extraction was implemented with significance. Then, a new watermarking algorithm based on multifractal and two-dimension Logistic chaotic map is proposed. The algorithm is based on Contourlet and Wavelet. Performance comparison of the algorithm in both domains is performed. It demonstrates that Contourlet have future potential in watermarking. After that, as the request of verification and watermarking's developing direction, a new algorithm based on multifractal and Contourlet transform is proposed. When extracting watermark data, the algorithm does not need original image, and it realizes blind extraction. At last, in order to test imperceptibility and robustness of the algorithms, computer simulations on the three algorithms are performed, respectively. Experimental results show that on the condition of invisibility the algorithms have good robustness against common attacks such as JPEQ noise and so on.
分形作为非线性科学的一个重要分支,已经渗透到包括数字水印在内的图像处理的各个领域。针对现有的部分数字水印算法在鲁棒性方面的不足,本文研究了分形理论和Contourlet变换在数字水印方面的应用。论文主要进行了如下工作：
首先,将分形编码应用到了数字水印中,改进了传统的分块DCT域水印算法的鲁棒性,实现了有意义水印的嵌入与提取。
其次,提出了一种多重分形和二维Logistic混沌映射相结合的图像水印算法,该算法是基于Contourlet和Wavelet的。比较了算法在两种变换域的水印性能,从而确认Contourlet在图像水印方面的发展潜力。
第三,根据有权验证的需要和水印算法的发展方向,提出了一种结合多重分形和Contourlet变换的图像水印新算法。该算法在水印提取时不需要原始图像,实现了水印的盲提取。
最后,本文对所提出的算法做了大量的鲁棒性实验,实验表明,三种算法在满足不可见的条件下,能够较好的抵抗JPEG.添加噪声等一些常见攻击。
In recent years, Internet is an excellent distribution system for digital media because it is cheap and fast. It is known that digital media can be easily replicated and modified. Thus, digital watermarking has been developed to protect the copyright and integrity of multi-media content.
As a very important brand of nonlinear scientific research, fractal theory has spread over lots of areas of image processing including digital watermarking. In view of some algorithms to the robustness, the thesis conducts a primary research on the digital watermarking by fractal and Contourlet transform.
Firstly, fractal coding is applied to the digital watermarking and traditional sub-block DCT algorithm is improved. The embedding and extraction was implemented with significance. Then, a new watermarking algorithm based on multifractal and two-dimension Logistic chaotic map is proposed. The algorithm is based on Contourlet and Wavelet. Performance comparison of the algorithm in both domains is performed. It demonstrates that Contourlet have future potential in watermarking. After that, as the request of verification and watermarking's developing direction, a new algorithm based on multifractal and Contourlet transform is proposed. When extracting watermark data, the algorithm does not need original image, and it realizes blind extraction. At last, in order to test imperceptibility and robustness of the algorithms, computer simulations on the three algorithms are performed, respectively. Experimental results show that on the condition of invisibility the algorithms have good robustness against common attacks such as JPEQ noise and so on.
引文
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[35]陈永强,胡汉平.基于分形压缩的整数小波图像水印技术[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,28(12)：2880-2882.
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[41]陈开亮,王建军.一种HVS和Contourlet结合的图像水印算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2007,19(6)：811-816.
[42]曾凡娟,周安民.基于Contourlet变换与奇异值分解的图像零水印算法[J].计算机应用,2008,28(8)：2033-2035.
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[2]F.A.P.Petutcolas, R.J.Anderson, M.GKuhn. Information Hiding-A Survey, Procee-dings of IEEE special issue on Protection of Multimedia Content,1999, July, 87:1062-1078.
[3]S.Katzenbeisser, A.P.Petitcolas.信息隐藏技术—隐写术与数字水印.吴秋新,杨义先,罗守山等(译)[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2001：68-99.
[4]刘振华,尹萍.信息隐藏技术及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002：9-72.
[5]Schyndfl R G,Tirkel A Z, Osborne C F. A digital Watermark[A]. Proc IEEE Int Conf on Image Processing[C]. Austin Texas USA:IEE Comput Soc,1994:86-90.
[6]Hwang M, Chang C, Hwang K. A Watermarking Technique Based on One way Hash Functions[J]. IEEE Trans on Consumer Electr,1999,45(2):286-294.
[7]I.Pitas. A method for signature casting on digital image[J]. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing,1996,3:215-218.
[8]G. Voyatzis, I.Pitas. Embedding robust watermarks by chaotic mixing[A].13th Internal Conference on Digital Signal Processing,1997,1:213-216.
[9]周利民,周源华.基于直接序列扩频码的图像空间域水印技术[J].软件学报,2002,13(2)：298-303.
[10]顾晟,陈健.一种基于卷积码的空间域图像数字水印方法[J].计算机工程,2003,29(19)：151-153.
[11]王向阳,杨红颖,赵红,陈利科.基于模糊聚类分析的自适应图像空间域水印技术[J].小型微型计算机系统,2005,26(7)：1257-1259.
[12]刘玉民,张小松,张雨虹.一种基于HVS的自适应空间域可见数字水印[J].计算机安全,2008.11：31-33.
[13]Ruanaith J K O,Dowling W J,Boland F M.Phase Watermarking of Digital Image[J]. Piscataway:IEEE Press,1996,3:239-242.
[14]曹荣,王颖,李象霖.一种基于离散傅立叶变换域相位和幅度的数字水印算法[J].计算机应用,2005,25(11)：2536-2537.
[15]曹荣,王颖,李象霖.一种自适应的DFT域数字水印算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2006.10：77-78.
[16]I.J.Cox,et al.Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia[A].Technical Report95-10,NEC Research Institute Princeton,NJ,1995.
[17]徐世刚,李娟,胡广.基于DCT变换的图像数字水印算法[J].计算机与数学工程,2007,35(8)：109-112.
[18]陈杰,付永钢.DCT域基于PSNR的扩频水印算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,45(7)：111-114.
[19]D. Kundur, D. Hatzinakos. Digital watermarking for telltale tamper-proofing and authentication[A]. Proceedings of the IEEE,1999,87(7):1167-1180.
[20]Wang S, Zheng D, Zhao J. An image quality evaluation method based on digital watermarking[J]. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,IEEE,2007,17(1):98-105.
[21]Zhang X, Wang S. Watermarking scheme capable of resisting sensitivity attack[J].Signal Processing Letters,IEEE,2007,14(2):125-128.
[22]Puate J, Jordan F. Using fractal compression scheme to embed a digital signature into an image[A]. Proceedings of S PIE Photonics East'96 Symposium[C] Boston, Mas sachusetts,1996:103-124.
[23]王强,丁群,张忠.离散小波变换和混沌结合的数字图像水印算法[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2008,22(5)：16-20.
[24]王树梅,赵卫东,王志成.一种基于灰度数学形态学的水印算法[J]计算机工程与科学,2009,31(3)：41-44.
[25]龚劬,马素春.基于分块奇异值分解的小波域水印算法[J].计算机仿真,2009, 26(5)：138-141.
[26]李冠华,赵耀.基于分形图像编码的数字水印技术的研究[J].铁道学报,2001,23(4)：48-53.
[27]Yao Zhao, Qiang Ma, Baozong Yuan. Digital Watermark Based on LIFS[C]. Proceedings of ICSP2000, Beijing, China,2000:1281-1284.
[28]李冠华,赵耀.分形数字水印鲁棒性能的改进[J].数据采集与图像处理,2002,17(1)：103-107.
[29]Chenghao Li, Regular Member and shuenn-shyang Wang. Digital watermarking Using Fractal Image Coding[J]. IEICE TRANS, FUNDAMENTALS, 2000,83(6):1286-1288.
[30]Cao Hanqiang, Zhu Guangxi. A Watermarking Method Based on Fractal Self-similarity [A]. In:Proceedings of IC2SP2000[C], Beijing, China,2000:99-102.
[31]陈少霞,王群生,王强.一种基于四叉数分形编码的数字水印算法[J].陕西工学院学报,2003,19(4)15-18.
[32]陈少霞,王群生.基于自适应四叉数分形图像编码的数字水印技术[J].中国有线电视,2003,(24)15-18.
[33]李春霞,杨树国,董继学,张玉琴.DCT域内分形水印技术的研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2006.27：46-49.
[34]高文权,高飞.基于纹理特征和分形调制的分形盲水印算法[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,28(16)：3932-3934.
[35]陈永强,胡汉平.基于分形压缩的整数小波图像水印技术[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,28(12)：2880-2882.
[36]何传江,吴俊峰,申小娜.结合DCT与分形编码的自适应水印算法[J].计算机仿真,2008,25(3)：138-141.
[37]毛力,王慧琴,王燕妮,王民,王稚慧.基于分形技术的小波包域多重数字水印算法[J].通信技术,2008,41(7)：227-229.
[38]焦李成,谭山.图像的多尺度几何分析：回顾和展望[J].电子学报,2003,31(12A)：1975-1981.
[39]朱香卫,肖亮,吴慧中.Contourlet与小波域鲁棒性水印算法性能比较[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,45(9)：120-122.
[40]李海峰,宋巍巍,王树勋.基于Contourlet变换的稳健性图像水印算法[J].通信学报,2006,27(4)：87-94.
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