大平掌4号难选多金属硫化矿选矿试验研究
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摘要
本论文以云南大平掌复杂难选铜铅锌多金属硫化矿为研究对象,采用现代检测手段-MLA进行了工艺矿物学研究；结合生产实际,针对选厂铜锌分离困难、精矿中铜锌互含较高、铜品位低的生产状况,在研究浮选流程和药剂制度的基础上,进一步深入研究了铜锌分离的条件、提高品位及回收率的措施。最终获得了理想的选矿指标,能为选厂的生产实践提供参考和依据。
矿石的工艺矿物学研究表明：原矿含Cu0.818%、Pb0.639%、Zn3.20%、S 17.76%。矿石成分较为复杂,共有30多种矿物。矿石中的金属矿物主要为黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿,方铅矿、黝铜矿、磁黄铁矿；脉石矿物主要为绿泥石、石英、云母,少量碳酸盐、氧化物和氢氧化物。矿石属于高铅高硫的多金属硫化矿,矿石中可供回收利用的元素为铜、铅、锌、银、硫,有少量的金值得关注,其他元素无回收价值。
本论文在对该矿石主要矿物的组成、嵌布和包裹关系深入研究以后,进行了选矿试验研究。试验采用优先浮选工艺方案,并用常规的、无毒的选矿药剂对该矿石进行选别,可以减少环境污染。
试验研究表明,该矿样中的一部分铜矿物及锌矿物嵌布粒度较细,需要在较细的磨矿细度下才能使其单体解离,因此必须对该矿石进行细磨,以加强目的矿物之间的充分解离。因此,细磨是提高浮选指标的关键。
在原矿Cu品位为0.818%、Pb品位为0.639%、Zn品位为3.20%的情况下,采用磨矿细度为-400目95%、乙硫氮作为铜矿物的捕收剂、硫酸锌和亚硫酸钠配合使用作为锌矿物的抑制剂、石灰作为黄铁矿的抑制剂、硫酸铜作为锌矿物的活化剂、丁基黄药作为锌矿物的捕收剂、2“油为起泡剂,选别铜及锌时分别经过两次粗选、三次精选的优先浮选工艺,最终获得了铜品位为18.835%、回收率为76.14%,锌品位为52.675%、回收率为88.42%的浮选指标。
This paper conducted the mineralogical studies on the complex and refractory copper-lead-zinc sulfide ore of Da ping zhang, Yunnan, with the aid of modern testing instrument MLA. According to the actual operational practice, it's very difficult to separate copper and zinc minerals, resulting in a poor quality of the concentrate, i.e., copper concentrate containing zinc and zinc concentrate containing copper to great extents. Based on the study of the flotation process and the reagent scheme in the system, further study on the separating copper and zinc were carried out to improve the grade and recovery. Finally, better processing performance were obtained. It can provide reference for current production operations.
Ore mineralogical studies have shown:the ore contains Cu 0.818%, Pb 0.639%, Zn 3.20%, and S 17.76%. Mineral composition is very complex as it contains more than 30 kinds of minerals. Main metallic minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, pyrrhotite, and galena; main gangue minerals include chlorite, quartz, mica and a small amount of carbonate, oxides and hydroxides in the ore. It can be defined as a multi-metallic sulfide ore with high lead and sulfur contents. Elements that can be utilized in the ore may be Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, S, and a little Au. Other elements cannot be utilized.
Tests are conducted after the research of the mineral composition, dissemination and inclusion relationships of the minerals, and preferential flotation scheme was put forward by using conventional and non-toxic reagents, which is expected to reduce the environmental pollution.
Research showed that the disseminated particle size of copper and zinc minerals are relatively fine. In order to achieve a better liberation degree for the target minerals, fine grinding shall be conducted. Therefore, the fine grinding is the key operational factor to improve the flotation performance.
The ore contains Cu 0.818%, Pb 0.639%, and Zn 3.20%, preferential flotation was conducted by two roughing stages, and three cleaning stages, copper and zinc concentrates can be obtained, assaying 18.835% Cu at the recovery of 76.14% and assaying 52.675% Zn at the recovery of 88.42%. Above processing performance was obtained under following conditions:95% -400 mesh for grinding, diethyl dithiocarbamate as copper's collector, zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite as zinc mineral's depressants, lime as pyrite mineral's depressants, copper sulfate as zinc mineral's activator, butyl-xanthate as zinc mineral's collector, and pine oil as frother.
矿石的工艺矿物学研究表明：原矿含Cu0.818%、Pb0.639%、Zn3.20%、S 17.76%。矿石成分较为复杂,共有30多种矿物。矿石中的金属矿物主要为黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿,方铅矿、黝铜矿、磁黄铁矿；脉石矿物主要为绿泥石、石英、云母,少量碳酸盐、氧化物和氢氧化物。矿石属于高铅高硫的多金属硫化矿,矿石中可供回收利用的元素为铜、铅、锌、银、硫,有少量的金值得关注,其他元素无回收价值。
本论文在对该矿石主要矿物的组成、嵌布和包裹关系深入研究以后,进行了选矿试验研究。试验采用优先浮选工艺方案,并用常规的、无毒的选矿药剂对该矿石进行选别,可以减少环境污染。
试验研究表明,该矿样中的一部分铜矿物及锌矿物嵌布粒度较细,需要在较细的磨矿细度下才能使其单体解离,因此必须对该矿石进行细磨,以加强目的矿物之间的充分解离。因此,细磨是提高浮选指标的关键。
在原矿Cu品位为0.818%、Pb品位为0.639%、Zn品位为3.20%的情况下,采用磨矿细度为-400目95%、乙硫氮作为铜矿物的捕收剂、硫酸锌和亚硫酸钠配合使用作为锌矿物的抑制剂、石灰作为黄铁矿的抑制剂、硫酸铜作为锌矿物的活化剂、丁基黄药作为锌矿物的捕收剂、2“油为起泡剂,选别铜及锌时分别经过两次粗选、三次精选的优先浮选工艺,最终获得了铜品位为18.835%、回收率为76.14%,锌品位为52.675%、回收率为88.42%的浮选指标。
This paper conducted the mineralogical studies on the complex and refractory copper-lead-zinc sulfide ore of Da ping zhang, Yunnan, with the aid of modern testing instrument MLA. According to the actual operational practice, it's very difficult to separate copper and zinc minerals, resulting in a poor quality of the concentrate, i.e., copper concentrate containing zinc and zinc concentrate containing copper to great extents. Based on the study of the flotation process and the reagent scheme in the system, further study on the separating copper and zinc were carried out to improve the grade and recovery. Finally, better processing performance were obtained. It can provide reference for current production operations.
Ore mineralogical studies have shown:the ore contains Cu 0.818%, Pb 0.639%, Zn 3.20%, and S 17.76%. Mineral composition is very complex as it contains more than 30 kinds of minerals. Main metallic minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, pyrrhotite, and galena; main gangue minerals include chlorite, quartz, mica and a small amount of carbonate, oxides and hydroxides in the ore. It can be defined as a multi-metallic sulfide ore with high lead and sulfur contents. Elements that can be utilized in the ore may be Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, S, and a little Au. Other elements cannot be utilized.
Tests are conducted after the research of the mineral composition, dissemination and inclusion relationships of the minerals, and preferential flotation scheme was put forward by using conventional and non-toxic reagents, which is expected to reduce the environmental pollution.
Research showed that the disseminated particle size of copper and zinc minerals are relatively fine. In order to achieve a better liberation degree for the target minerals, fine grinding shall be conducted. Therefore, the fine grinding is the key operational factor to improve the flotation performance.
The ore contains Cu 0.818%, Pb 0.639%, and Zn 3.20%, preferential flotation was conducted by two roughing stages, and three cleaning stages, copper and zinc concentrates can be obtained, assaying 18.835% Cu at the recovery of 76.14% and assaying 52.675% Zn at the recovery of 88.42%. Above processing performance was obtained under following conditions:95% -400 mesh for grinding, diethyl dithiocarbamate as copper's collector, zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite as zinc mineral's depressants, lime as pyrite mineral's depressants, copper sulfate as zinc mineral's activator, butyl-xanthate as zinc mineral's collector, and pine oil as frother.
引文
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[17]宛鹤,谢建宏,王森等.安徽某复杂多金属铜铅锌矿石综合回收试验研究[J].金属矿山,2008(3)：90-93.
[18]常宝乾,张世银等.复杂难选铜铅锌银多金属硫化矿选矿工艺研究[J].有色金属(选矿部分),2010(1)：15-19.
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