OFDM系统高效接收方法的研究
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摘要
本文研究了OFDM通信技术在无线移动环境中的应用，主要是针对OFDM通信系统中高效传输技术的研究。
本文首先介绍了OFDM技术的基本概念，并且与单载波以及其它多载波技术比较，阐明了其技术特征以及主要的优缺点。由于其它多载波技术都能够通过OFDM技术来实现，因此对于移动通信中的OFDM技术进行重点研究具有很强的现实意义，且研究结论可以推广到其它一些多载波通信方式中。本文主要是研究无线移动环境中OFDM系统的高效接收方法，包括高效的时频同步算法、高效内插导频的信道估计算法以及高效的自适应信道估计算法。
为了阐述在无线移动环境中进行高效通信必要性，本文分析了时间同步以及频率同步误差对OFDM系统的影响，详细介绍了现有的时频同步算法的基本原理以及其主要的优缺点：分析了OFDM系统无线移动信道的特点，总结了现有的OFDM信道估计算法，详细的介绍了基于导频内插的信道估计方法以及其主要的优缺点。
在高效时间同步与频偏估计算法的研究中，本文针对现有OFDM时频同步技术存在的问题，提出了一种新的用于无线移动信道下OFDM系统的高效时频同步算法。该算法利用频域相关以及最大似然的原理，设计了一个长为一个OFDM信元的前缀信元，能够同时实现初始时间同步与频偏估计，并且能够将初始频偏估计的估计范围扩展到整个OFDM的系统带宽以及能够有效地克服小数倍频偏为±0.5倍子载波间隔附近时的相位模糊问题。针对该算法实现过程中的逐点FFT运算，提出了一种迭代实现逐点FFT的快速算法，使得该时频同步算法在实际系统中更为可行。仿真结果表明，该算法在高斯信道以及多径衰落信道环境下具有良好的初始时间同步以及频偏估计性能。
在基于内插导频的高效信道估计算法的研究中，本文提出了一种基于内插导频的高效OFDM时频二维信道估计算法。该算法利用OFDM系统无线信道在多普勒展宽域进行滤波可以大大减少算法复杂度的原理，使用改进最大径选择(MST)与多项式滤波的方法，对已经得到的导频(Pilot)信号最小二乘(LS)信道估计进行时频二维滤波。该算法不需要预先知道信道的相关矩阵以及信噪比等信道信息，简单且易于实现，并且能够适用于高效导频利用率的矩形内插的导频内插方式。仿真结果表明，在梳状内插方式下，该算法的MSE性能有了显著的提高；在高效导频利用的矩形内插方式下，该算法的BER性能逼近于理想信道估计的性能。
在高效的自适应信道估计算法的研究中，本文提出了一种高效的基于多项式预测滤波OFDM自适应信道估计算法。该算法能够使用少量内插导频的OFDM信元对多项式滤波器系数进行初始化，利用多项式预测以及迭代接收的原理，对承载纯数据的OFDM信元进行信道估计以及信道跟踪。本文还将该算法应用于基于Turbo接收的OFDM系统中，通过信道编码的纠错能力来提高承载纯数据OFDM信元的信道估计以及信道跟踪的准确度。该算法不需要预先知道信道的自相关矩阵以及信噪比等信道信息，简单且易于实现。仿真结果表明，在信噪比较高的多径衰落信道下，该算法有良好的信道估计以及信道跟踪的性能，从而大大的减少了系统的导频利用率，提高了系统的频谱利用率。
This dissertation is devoted to the research on the OFDM communication techniques in the wireless mobile communication environments, including some high-efficient transmission techniques.
This dissertation begins with the basic introduction of OFDM techniques and a summary of single carrier technique and several existing multicarrier techniques in order to clarify the difference between the OFDM and the other multicarrier techniques. The research on the OFDM system is of great practical values since many of the existing multicarrier techniques can be fulfilled through OFDM module and many useful results in OFDM system are also applicable to other multicarrier systems. This dissertation mainly focuses on some high-efficient transmission techniques, including the high-efficient time-frequency synchronization algorithm, the high-efficient channel estimation algorithm based on pilot arrangement and the high-efficient adaptive channel estimation algorithm, in OFDM systems.
In order to illustrate the necessary of OFDM high-efficient communication techniques in the wireless mobile communication environments, this dissertation analyses the performance influence of OFDM systems due to the time and frequency synchronization errors and detailedly introdues the existing time and frequency synchronization algorithms and their corresponding merits and demerits. This dissertation also clarifies the characteristics of wireless mobile communication environments in OFDM systems, summarizes the existing channel estimation algorithms and detailedly describes the channel estimation algorithms based on pilot arrangement and their corresponding merits and demerits.
In the research of high-efficient time-frequency synchronization algorithms of OFDM systems, this dissertation presents a new time and frequency synchronization method used in wireless mobile communication environments. This method is based on the frequency domain correlation and the maximum likelihood theories and can solve the problems in the existing time and frequency synchronization algorithms. This method uses one training sequence of just one symbol and the design of the symbol is presented. The time synchronization and carrier frequency offset estimation can be achieved simultaneously and the frequency synchronization algorithm can extend the frequency acquisition range to nearly the whole useful OFDM signal bandwidth. The frequency synchronization algorithm can also overcome the ambiguity problem existing in carrier frequency offset estimation. A fast realizing algorithm is presented in the dissertation to reduce the calculating complexity in order to make the method easier to be implemented. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the method.
In the research of the high-efficient channel estimation algorithm based on pilot arrangement, this dissertation proposes a robust pilot-assisted channel estimation method for OFDM signals in Rayleigh fading channel. The method is based on the theory that the calculating complexity can be greatly reduced when the filter for channel estimation is performed in Dopler spreading domain of wireless mobile communication environments in OFDM systems. Using the way of Most Significant Tap (MST) selection and polynomial filtering, the method conducts the time-frequency filtering for the Least Square (LS) estimation results of pilot symbols. The method is simple and need not know the statistic characteristic of the practical channel, such as the channel correlation matrix and signal-to-noise rate(SNR). The method can be used in rectangular pilot-assisted geometry and can be easily realized in practical OFDM systems. The simulation results show that the mean square error(MSE) performance of the method is greatly improved when the method is compared with LS and MST estimation method in comb pilot-assisted geometry and the bit error rate(BER) performance of the method approaches that of the ideal channel estimation in rectangular pilot-assisted geometry.
本文首先介绍了OFDM技术的基本概念，并且与单载波以及其它多载波技术比较，阐明了其技术特征以及主要的优缺点。由于其它多载波技术都能够通过OFDM技术来实现，因此对于移动通信中的OFDM技术进行重点研究具有很强的现实意义，且研究结论可以推广到其它一些多载波通信方式中。本文主要是研究无线移动环境中OFDM系统的高效接收方法，包括高效的时频同步算法、高效内插导频的信道估计算法以及高效的自适应信道估计算法。
为了阐述在无线移动环境中进行高效通信必要性，本文分析了时间同步以及频率同步误差对OFDM系统的影响，详细介绍了现有的时频同步算法的基本原理以及其主要的优缺点：分析了OFDM系统无线移动信道的特点，总结了现有的OFDM信道估计算法，详细的介绍了基于导频内插的信道估计方法以及其主要的优缺点。
在高效时间同步与频偏估计算法的研究中，本文针对现有OFDM时频同步技术存在的问题，提出了一种新的用于无线移动信道下OFDM系统的高效时频同步算法。该算法利用频域相关以及最大似然的原理，设计了一个长为一个OFDM信元的前缀信元，能够同时实现初始时间同步与频偏估计，并且能够将初始频偏估计的估计范围扩展到整个OFDM的系统带宽以及能够有效地克服小数倍频偏为±0.5倍子载波间隔附近时的相位模糊问题。针对该算法实现过程中的逐点FFT运算，提出了一种迭代实现逐点FFT的快速算法，使得该时频同步算法在实际系统中更为可行。仿真结果表明，该算法在高斯信道以及多径衰落信道环境下具有良好的初始时间同步以及频偏估计性能。
在基于内插导频的高效信道估计算法的研究中，本文提出了一种基于内插导频的高效OFDM时频二维信道估计算法。该算法利用OFDM系统无线信道在多普勒展宽域进行滤波可以大大减少算法复杂度的原理，使用改进最大径选择(MST)与多项式滤波的方法，对已经得到的导频(Pilot)信号最小二乘(LS)信道估计进行时频二维滤波。该算法不需要预先知道信道的相关矩阵以及信噪比等信道信息，简单且易于实现，并且能够适用于高效导频利用率的矩形内插的导频内插方式。仿真结果表明，在梳状内插方式下，该算法的MSE性能有了显著的提高；在高效导频利用的矩形内插方式下，该算法的BER性能逼近于理想信道估计的性能。
在高效的自适应信道估计算法的研究中，本文提出了一种高效的基于多项式预测滤波OFDM自适应信道估计算法。该算法能够使用少量内插导频的OFDM信元对多项式滤波器系数进行初始化，利用多项式预测以及迭代接收的原理，对承载纯数据的OFDM信元进行信道估计以及信道跟踪。本文还将该算法应用于基于Turbo接收的OFDM系统中，通过信道编码的纠错能力来提高承载纯数据OFDM信元的信道估计以及信道跟踪的准确度。该算法不需要预先知道信道的自相关矩阵以及信噪比等信道信息，简单且易于实现。仿真结果表明，在信噪比较高的多径衰落信道下，该算法有良好的信道估计以及信道跟踪的性能，从而大大的减少了系统的导频利用率，提高了系统的频谱利用率。
This dissertation is devoted to the research on the OFDM communication techniques in the wireless mobile communication environments, including some high-efficient transmission techniques.
This dissertation begins with the basic introduction of OFDM techniques and a summary of single carrier technique and several existing multicarrier techniques in order to clarify the difference between the OFDM and the other multicarrier techniques. The research on the OFDM system is of great practical values since many of the existing multicarrier techniques can be fulfilled through OFDM module and many useful results in OFDM system are also applicable to other multicarrier systems. This dissertation mainly focuses on some high-efficient transmission techniques, including the high-efficient time-frequency synchronization algorithm, the high-efficient channel estimation algorithm based on pilot arrangement and the high-efficient adaptive channel estimation algorithm, in OFDM systems.
In order to illustrate the necessary of OFDM high-efficient communication techniques in the wireless mobile communication environments, this dissertation analyses the performance influence of OFDM systems due to the time and frequency synchronization errors and detailedly introdues the existing time and frequency synchronization algorithms and their corresponding merits and demerits. This dissertation also clarifies the characteristics of wireless mobile communication environments in OFDM systems, summarizes the existing channel estimation algorithms and detailedly describes the channel estimation algorithms based on pilot arrangement and their corresponding merits and demerits.
In the research of high-efficient time-frequency synchronization algorithms of OFDM systems, this dissertation presents a new time and frequency synchronization method used in wireless mobile communication environments. This method is based on the frequency domain correlation and the maximum likelihood theories and can solve the problems in the existing time and frequency synchronization algorithms. This method uses one training sequence of just one symbol and the design of the symbol is presented. The time synchronization and carrier frequency offset estimation can be achieved simultaneously and the frequency synchronization algorithm can extend the frequency acquisition range to nearly the whole useful OFDM signal bandwidth. The frequency synchronization algorithm can also overcome the ambiguity problem existing in carrier frequency offset estimation. A fast realizing algorithm is presented in the dissertation to reduce the calculating complexity in order to make the method easier to be implemented. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the method.
In the research of the high-efficient channel estimation algorithm based on pilot arrangement, this dissertation proposes a robust pilot-assisted channel estimation method for OFDM signals in Rayleigh fading channel. The method is based on the theory that the calculating complexity can be greatly reduced when the filter for channel estimation is performed in Dopler spreading domain of wireless mobile communication environments in OFDM systems. Using the way of Most Significant Tap (MST) selection and polynomial filtering, the method conducts the time-frequency filtering for the Least Square (LS) estimation results of pilot symbols. The method is simple and need not know the statistic characteristic of the practical channel, such as the channel correlation matrix and signal-to-noise rate(SNR). The method can be used in rectangular pilot-assisted geometry and can be easily realized in practical OFDM systems. The simulation results show that the mean square error(MSE) performance of the method is greatly improved when the method is compared with LS and MST estimation method in comb pilot-assisted geometry and the bit error rate(BER) performance of the method approaches that of the ideal channel estimation in rectangular pilot-assisted geometry.
引文
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