基于多频电涡流检测方法的多参数测量分析与研究
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摘要
本文采用多频涡流检测方法,对金属板的温度及被测金属和线圈之间的距离检测进行了研究。
涡流检测中,被检测工件影响线圈阻抗(或感应电压)的因素很多,如金属工件的材质、电导率σ、磁导率μ和检测探头的晃动和提离等都会对涡流信号产生影响。根据不同的检测任务,这些参数有的必须被检测并计算出来,有的则视为干扰信号,必须给予剔除。为了到达这一目的,在涡流检测中就需要增加鉴别手段,来获得更多的实验变量,抑制多种干扰因素影响,提高鉴别的分辨率与可靠性,对被测工件做出正确的评价。
本文首先介绍了涡流检测的发展现状,从多个角度分析了电涡流检测的原理,在对电涡流检测等效电路分析的基础上,探讨了多频涡流检测系统中应用的可行性,文中还详细讨论了电涡流传感器的设计方法及课题中电涡流传感器参数地选择。并根据得到的线圈阻抗数学模型,结合特征值方法,利用最小二乘法、BP神经网络得到了金属的温度及金属与线圈之间的距离和信号特征值的非线性关系,得到了满意的结果。另外,通过硬件实验研究了多频涡流检测技术,从数据中找到了金属的厚度、温度及金属与线圈距离和感应电压的对应关系,并利用BP神经网络法对数据进行了拟合和验证,取得了一定的研究结果。
In this paper, multi-frequency eddy current testing methods, the temperature of the metal plates and metal and measured the distance between the detection coil is studied.
Eddy current testing, the impact of the workpiece detected coil impedance (or induced voltage) a number of factors, such as metal workpiece material, conductivity, magnetic permeability and the detection of the probe lift-off of the rock and have an impact on the eddy current signals. Detection according to different tasks, some of these parameters must be detected and calculated, while others are regarded as interference signals, must be given to remove. In order to reach this goal, in the eddy current testing on the need to increase the identification of means to get more experimental variables, a variety of interference suppression factors, improve the identification of the resolution and reliability, make the right of the measured part of the evaluation.
This article first introduced the development of eddy current testing, an analysis from various angles of the principle of eddy current testing, eddy current testing in the equivalent circuit based on the analysis to explore the multi-frequency eddy current testing system, the feasibility of the application, the text also discussed in detail the design of eddy current sensors and eddy current sensor in the subject to choose parameters. And according to the mathematical model of the coil impedance, combined with the characteristics of value, using the least square method, BP neural network has been the temperature of metal and metal and the distance between coil and signal characteristics of the value of the non-linear relationship, with satisfactory results. In addition, through experimental study of the hardware of the multi-frequency eddy current testing technology, from the data found in the thickness of metal, metal and coil temperature and the distance and the correlation between voltage sensors and the use of BP neural network method of data fitting and verification, achieved some results of the study.
涡流检测中,被检测工件影响线圈阻抗(或感应电压)的因素很多,如金属工件的材质、电导率σ、磁导率μ和检测探头的晃动和提离等都会对涡流信号产生影响。根据不同的检测任务,这些参数有的必须被检测并计算出来,有的则视为干扰信号,必须给予剔除。为了到达这一目的,在涡流检测中就需要增加鉴别手段,来获得更多的实验变量,抑制多种干扰因素影响,提高鉴别的分辨率与可靠性,对被测工件做出正确的评价。
本文首先介绍了涡流检测的发展现状,从多个角度分析了电涡流检测的原理,在对电涡流检测等效电路分析的基础上,探讨了多频涡流检测系统中应用的可行性,文中还详细讨论了电涡流传感器的设计方法及课题中电涡流传感器参数地选择。并根据得到的线圈阻抗数学模型,结合特征值方法,利用最小二乘法、BP神经网络得到了金属的温度及金属与线圈之间的距离和信号特征值的非线性关系,得到了满意的结果。另外,通过硬件实验研究了多频涡流检测技术,从数据中找到了金属的厚度、温度及金属与线圈距离和感应电压的对应关系,并利用BP神经网络法对数据进行了拟合和验证,取得了一定的研究结果。
In this paper, multi-frequency eddy current testing methods, the temperature of the metal plates and metal and measured the distance between the detection coil is studied.
Eddy current testing, the impact of the workpiece detected coil impedance (or induced voltage) a number of factors, such as metal workpiece material, conductivity, magnetic permeability and the detection of the probe lift-off of the rock and have an impact on the eddy current signals. Detection according to different tasks, some of these parameters must be detected and calculated, while others are regarded as interference signals, must be given to remove. In order to reach this goal, in the eddy current testing on the need to increase the identification of means to get more experimental variables, a variety of interference suppression factors, improve the identification of the resolution and reliability, make the right of the measured part of the evaluation.
This article first introduced the development of eddy current testing, an analysis from various angles of the principle of eddy current testing, eddy current testing in the equivalent circuit based on the analysis to explore the multi-frequency eddy current testing system, the feasibility of the application, the text also discussed in detail the design of eddy current sensors and eddy current sensor in the subject to choose parameters. And according to the mathematical model of the coil impedance, combined with the characteristics of value, using the least square method, BP neural network has been the temperature of metal and metal and the distance between coil and signal characteristics of the value of the non-linear relationship, with satisfactory results. In addition, through experimental study of the hardware of the multi-frequency eddy current testing technology, from the data found in the thickness of metal, metal and coil temperature and the distance and the correlation between voltage sensors and the use of BP neural network method of data fitting and verification, achieved some results of the study.
引文
[1]任吉林.涡流检测技术近20年的进展[J].无损检测,20(5),1998
[2]单成祥.传感器的理论与设计基础及其应用[M].北京：国防工业出社,1999
[3]张靖,刘少强.检测技术与系统设计[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001
[4]李家伟,陈积愚.无损检测手册[M].北京：机械出版社,2002
[5]游凤荷.涡流检测技术的某些新进展[J].无损检测.2001,38(2)：70-73
[6]丛华,张德魁.电涡流传感器温度稳定性研究[J].清华大学学报,1999,(10)：65-68.
[7]ABB,Millmate Thickness Gauging Systems [P].ABB Automation Technologies AB,2004.
[8]郝勇娜.基于DSP控制的铝箔厚度在线检测系统的开发[D].西安：西安理工大学,2003
[9]王凌.智能优化算法及其应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.
[10]林俊明.多频涡流仪器的改进[J].无损探伤,1993
[11]郑建才.电涡流检测技术在多层厚度检测中的应用研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2003
[12]董泳,王增发,王洪杰.一种高温非接触式电涡流传感器[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006
[13]乔永明,白华宇.电涡流传感器多频检测工作电路参数的选择[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2003
[14]刘君华.智能传感器系统[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,1999
[15]黄平捷,吴昭同,郑建才,严仍春.多层厚度电涡流检测技术及试验研究[J].中国机械工程,2003,Vol.14(15)：1278～1282
[16]杨宾峰,罗飞路.脉冲涡流无损检测技术应用研究[J].仪表技术与传感器,2004,Vol.8：45-46
[17]张会云.金属薄镀层涡流测厚技术研究[D].上海：上海材料研究所,2003
[18]刘丁,赵跃,宋念龙,刘涵.高温型电涡流间隙传感器的设计与研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2000,Vol.21.621～624
[19]陈健,林俊明等.DSP技术在涡流信一号处理中的应用[J].无损探伤5,2002
[20]罗明旭,樊景云,万国庆.铝合金质量双频涡流检测仪的研制[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,Vol.4NO.6.1999
[21]孙金立,陈新波,袁海跃.放置式探头检测工件时特征频率的计算[J].无损检测,2001,23(5)：185～189.
[22]梁宏生.多层金属膜厚度的无损测量研究[J].西安理工大学学报,1999(15)
[23]H.Y.Huang, N.Sakurai, T.Takagi, etc. Design of an eddy-current array probe for crack sizing in steam generator tubes[J]. NDT&E International,2003,36:512～522
[24]徐科军.陈荣宝等.自动检测和仪表中的共性技术[J].北京：清华大学出版社,2000
[25]胡广书.数字信号处理理论、算法与实现[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997
[26]张会云.金属薄镀层涡流测厚技术研究[D].上海：上海材料研究所,2003
[27]林介东,倪进飞.四频涡流检测仪原理及应用[J].无损检测,2002,24(6)：241～243
[28]陈惠中.多频涡流探头的研制[J].无损检测,Vol.18,NO.6,1996,
[29]程松波,郭顺生,李嘉宁.电涡流式钢板在线测厚系统设计[J].机械研究与应用,2005,Vol.18(3)：61～62
[30]叶波,黄平捷,周泽魁.涡流检测探头体力变化对阻抗的影响及消除技术[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,Vol.26(8)：732～734
[31]M.J.Johnson,J.R.Bowler and F.Azeem,Pulsed Eddy Current Ned at IOWA State University Recent Progress And Results[J],Review of Progress in Quantitativ Nondestructive Evaluation,2003,22: 409～416
[32]金建华,康宜华.多传感器信息的决策融合法及其在电磁检测中的应用[J].无损检测,2003,25(1)：585～588.
[33]Smith R.A.,HugoG.R..Transient Eddy current NDT for ageing aircraft capabilities and limitations [J]. Insight:NonDestruct Test Condition Monitor2001,43 (1):14～25
[34]John Bowler,Member,IEEE,and Marcus Johnson, Pulsed Eddy-Current Response to a Conducting Half-Space[J], IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS,1997,33:2258～2263
[35]C.C.Cheng,C.V Dodd and W.E. Deeds, General analysis of probe coils near stratified conductors[J].Int.J.Nonrlestr.Test,1971,3:109～130
[36]W.E.Deeds and C.V.Dodd.Analytical Solutions to Eddy-Current Probe-Coil Problems[J].Journal ofApplierl Plrysics,1968,30(6):2829～2838
[37]王旭,王宏等.人工神经元网络原理与应用[M].沈阳：东北大学出版社,2000
[38]吴晓光,徐精彩,基于MATLAB的实验数据的几种处理方法[J].模式识别与仿真技术.2005(1)：4
[39]楼顺天,施阳.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计神经网络[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2000
[40]张莉萍.涡流测厚传感器及数字测量系统的设计[J].无损检测,2000(6)
[41]沈国际,陶利民,陈仲生.多频信号经验模态分解的理论研究及应用[J].Vol.18 No.1
[42]Blunt D M. Synchronous averaging of helicopter tail gearbox vibration:phase reference considerations[R].Defense Science and Technology Organization of Australia DOD,1998. DSTO-TR-0397.
[43]Huang N E, et al. The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and nonstationary time series analysis[R]. Procedures of the Royal Society of London, 1998.A454(3):903～995.
[44]闻新等.MATLAB神经网络仿真与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[45]杨建刚.人工神经网络实用教程[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2000
[2]单成祥.传感器的理论与设计基础及其应用[M].北京：国防工业出社,1999
[3]张靖,刘少强.检测技术与系统设计[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001
[4]李家伟,陈积愚.无损检测手册[M].北京：机械出版社,2002
[5]游凤荷.涡流检测技术的某些新进展[J].无损检测.2001,38(2)：70-73
[6]丛华,张德魁.电涡流传感器温度稳定性研究[J].清华大学学报,1999,(10)：65-68.
[7]ABB,Millmate Thickness Gauging Systems [P].ABB Automation Technologies AB,2004.
[8]郝勇娜.基于DSP控制的铝箔厚度在线检测系统的开发[D].西安：西安理工大学,2003
[9]王凌.智能优化算法及其应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.
[10]林俊明.多频涡流仪器的改进[J].无损探伤,1993
[11]郑建才.电涡流检测技术在多层厚度检测中的应用研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2003
[12]董泳,王增发,王洪杰.一种高温非接触式电涡流传感器[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006
[13]乔永明,白华宇.电涡流传感器多频检测工作电路参数的选择[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2003
[14]刘君华.智能传感器系统[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,1999
[15]黄平捷,吴昭同,郑建才,严仍春.多层厚度电涡流检测技术及试验研究[J].中国机械工程,2003,Vol.14(15)：1278～1282
[16]杨宾峰,罗飞路.脉冲涡流无损检测技术应用研究[J].仪表技术与传感器,2004,Vol.8：45-46
[17]张会云.金属薄镀层涡流测厚技术研究[D].上海：上海材料研究所,2003
[18]刘丁,赵跃,宋念龙,刘涵.高温型电涡流间隙传感器的设计与研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2000,Vol.21.621～624
[19]陈健,林俊明等.DSP技术在涡流信一号处理中的应用[J].无损探伤5,2002
[20]罗明旭,樊景云,万国庆.铝合金质量双频涡流检测仪的研制[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,Vol.4NO.6.1999
[21]孙金立,陈新波,袁海跃.放置式探头检测工件时特征频率的计算[J].无损检测,2001,23(5)：185～189.
[22]梁宏生.多层金属膜厚度的无损测量研究[J].西安理工大学学报,1999(15)
[23]H.Y.Huang, N.Sakurai, T.Takagi, etc. Design of an eddy-current array probe for crack sizing in steam generator tubes[J]. NDT&E International,2003,36:512～522
[24]徐科军.陈荣宝等.自动检测和仪表中的共性技术[J].北京：清华大学出版社,2000
[25]胡广书.数字信号处理理论、算法与实现[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997
[26]张会云.金属薄镀层涡流测厚技术研究[D].上海：上海材料研究所,2003
[27]林介东,倪进飞.四频涡流检测仪原理及应用[J].无损检测,2002,24(6)：241～243
[28]陈惠中.多频涡流探头的研制[J].无损检测,Vol.18,NO.6,1996,
[29]程松波,郭顺生,李嘉宁.电涡流式钢板在线测厚系统设计[J].机械研究与应用,2005,Vol.18(3)：61～62
[30]叶波,黄平捷,周泽魁.涡流检测探头体力变化对阻抗的影响及消除技术[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,Vol.26(8)：732～734
[31]M.J.Johnson,J.R.Bowler and F.Azeem,Pulsed Eddy Current Ned at IOWA State University Recent Progress And Results[J],Review of Progress in Quantitativ Nondestructive Evaluation,2003,22: 409～416
[32]金建华,康宜华.多传感器信息的决策融合法及其在电磁检测中的应用[J].无损检测,2003,25(1)：585～588.
[33]Smith R.A.,HugoG.R..Transient Eddy current NDT for ageing aircraft capabilities and limitations [J]. Insight:NonDestruct Test Condition Monitor2001,43 (1):14～25
[34]John Bowler,Member,IEEE,and Marcus Johnson, Pulsed Eddy-Current Response to a Conducting Half-Space[J], IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS,1997,33:2258～2263
[35]C.C.Cheng,C.V Dodd and W.E. Deeds, General analysis of probe coils near stratified conductors[J].Int.J.Nonrlestr.Test,1971,3:109～130
[36]W.E.Deeds and C.V.Dodd.Analytical Solutions to Eddy-Current Probe-Coil Problems[J].Journal ofApplierl Plrysics,1968,30(6):2829～2838
[37]王旭,王宏等.人工神经元网络原理与应用[M].沈阳：东北大学出版社,2000
[38]吴晓光,徐精彩,基于MATLAB的实验数据的几种处理方法[J].模式识别与仿真技术.2005(1)：4
[39]楼顺天,施阳.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计神经网络[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2000
[40]张莉萍.涡流测厚传感器及数字测量系统的设计[J].无损检测,2000(6)
[41]沈国际,陶利民,陈仲生.多频信号经验模态分解的理论研究及应用[J].Vol.18 No.1
[42]Blunt D M. Synchronous averaging of helicopter tail gearbox vibration:phase reference considerations[R].Defense Science and Technology Organization of Australia DOD,1998. DSTO-TR-0397.
[43]Huang N E, et al. The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and nonstationary time series analysis[R]. Procedures of the Royal Society of London, 1998.A454(3):903～995.
[44]闻新等.MATLAB神经网络仿真与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[45]杨建刚.人工神经网络实用教程[M].杭州：浙江大学出版社,2000