白颈长尾雉保护遗传学研究
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摘要
白颈长尾雉是我国特有的国家一级重点保护动物,近年来因栖息地大面积的
破坏及过量猎杀,种群数量逐渐下降。本文以线粒体DNA为分子标记,分析了野
生和圈养白颈长尾雉的遗传学多样性水平和遗传结构状况,并通过微卫星文库筛
选和构建,以期从核基因标记作进一步分析,为白颈长尾雉的保护与管理提供科
学的依据。
1.线粒体调控区(D-loop)检测得出野生白颈长尾雉种群的遗传多样性参数
为:单倍型多样性(Haplotype diversity,h)平均值为0.992,核苷多样性
(Nucleotide diversity, π)平均值为0.00616,核苷酸歧异度(Nucleotide
pairwise divergence,%)平均值为0.0-1.5(%),总体遗传多样性较高。
2.线粒体调区(D-loop)对浙江,安徽,福建,湖南和贵州野生种群的遗传
结构分析中得出:整体上白颈长尾雉的野生种群没有出现完全的遗传分化,但贵
州种群的存在着较为明显的遗传差异,它与其它种群的基因流交流程度最低,正
处于分化的过程中。因此在全国白颈长尾雉的自然保护网络体系建立中,可把贵
州种群设为一保护管理单元(MU)来保护管理:同时因遗传结构是一历史积累过
程,所以也应特别关注其它地区的自然保护区建设,以减缓或减小潜在的直接或
间接的危胁。
3.宁波动物园白颈长尾雉的圈养种群,遗传多样性比野生种群低,主要原因
是奠基者少,仅发现3个D-loop序列的单倍型(Ha,Hb,Hc),与原有3只雌性奠
基者的数量相符。在没有遗传背景下人为的配对繁殖,以及谱系管理的匮乏使3
个D-loop序列单倍型在种群中分布及其不平衡。单倍型Hc仅存于2个雌性个体
中,如果不加重视,这一基因型将会遗失。同时根据线粒体DNA母系遗传的特性,
通过3个D-loop序列单倍型在36个个体中的分布,揭示了圈养种群的母系谱系
关系,拥有同一个单倍型的个体来源于同一个雌性奠基者。提出圈养种群为维持
种群的遗传多样性,除了奠基者效应,遗传管理十分重要。
4.以白颈长尾雉DNA酶切片段为基因组,利用链霉抗生物素修饰的磁珠与生
物素标记的探针的富集方法筛选了10个微卫星位点,但还需在一定数量的个体中
Elliot' s Pheasant, Syrmaticus ellioti, is endemic to China and regarded as 'Vulnerable' in the 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Its population size is believed to be declining because of ongoing habitat loss and hunting. In this study, the genetic diversity and genetic structure were analysis among five wild population and a captive population using mitochondrial DNA. Furthermore, polymorphic microsatellite loci were characterized as another genetic markers for further study.1. It was indicated that the general genetic diversity of wild population of Elliot' s Pheasant was of higher level as shown by the following parameters: the mean value of haplotype diversity (h) was 0.992, the nean value of nucleotide diversity (π) was 0. 00616, while the nucleotide pairwise divergence range was from 0.0 to 1.5 (%).2. We studied the genetic structure among five populations of Syrmaticus ellioti, sampled respectively from Anhui(AH), Zhejiang(ZJ), Fujian(FJ), Hunan(HN), Guizhou(GZ) provinces using 33 mitochondrial control region sequences. A very little genetic structure among populations was revealed which was mostly due to the effect of the GZ population in the west of China. It was assumed that the GZ population was differentiating. Thus, a management unit (MU) was suggested for the western GZ population. Since the genetic structure was a historic accumulative process, attention should be paied on Nature Reserves ' constructing and developing in other regions to reduce or minimum negative effect due to human actions.3. A litter level of genetic diversity was found in a captive population in Ninbo Zoo, which was attributed to low number of founders. Three control region haplotypes (Ha, Hb, Hc) were identified by six variable nucleotide positions among the control region sequences over 36 individuals. The number
of haplotypes was accorded with the number of female founders o However, large discrepancy in the distribution of the three haplotypes was discovered., It seemed to be presumably linked to human interference in the captive breeding such as ignoring genetic data and focusing attention on few individuals possessing good reproductive ability,, Enlightened by its character of maternal heredity in vertebrates, we used control region sequence as a matrilineage marker for the zoo population. Those individuals shared the same haplotype were offspring from one female founder,. In other words, there were three maternal lineages and the simple relationship among individuals was indicated,, It was concluded that genetic management was very important in captive breeding.4. Ten microsatellite loci were isolated from Elliot' s Pheasant using enrichment modified protocol with streptavidincoated beads ? Their characteristics were expected to be tested further for more specimens., These species-specific microsatellite loci would be other useful genetic markers to assess population genetic studies of Elliot' s pheasant.
破坏及过量猎杀,种群数量逐渐下降。本文以线粒体DNA为分子标记,分析了野
生和圈养白颈长尾雉的遗传学多样性水平和遗传结构状况,并通过微卫星文库筛
选和构建,以期从核基因标记作进一步分析,为白颈长尾雉的保护与管理提供科
学的依据。
1.线粒体调控区(D-loop)检测得出野生白颈长尾雉种群的遗传多样性参数
为:单倍型多样性(Haplotype diversity,h)平均值为0.992,核苷多样性
(Nucleotide diversity, π)平均值为0.00616,核苷酸歧异度(Nucleotide
pairwise divergence,%)平均值为0.0-1.5(%),总体遗传多样性较高。
2.线粒体调区(D-loop)对浙江,安徽,福建,湖南和贵州野生种群的遗传
结构分析中得出:整体上白颈长尾雉的野生种群没有出现完全的遗传分化,但贵
州种群的存在着较为明显的遗传差异,它与其它种群的基因流交流程度最低,正
处于分化的过程中。因此在全国白颈长尾雉的自然保护网络体系建立中,可把贵
州种群设为一保护管理单元(MU)来保护管理:同时因遗传结构是一历史积累过
程,所以也应特别关注其它地区的自然保护区建设,以减缓或减小潜在的直接或
间接的危胁。
3.宁波动物园白颈长尾雉的圈养种群,遗传多样性比野生种群低,主要原因
是奠基者少,仅发现3个D-loop序列的单倍型(Ha,Hb,Hc),与原有3只雌性奠
基者的数量相符。在没有遗传背景下人为的配对繁殖,以及谱系管理的匮乏使3
个D-loop序列单倍型在种群中分布及其不平衡。单倍型Hc仅存于2个雌性个体
中,如果不加重视,这一基因型将会遗失。同时根据线粒体DNA母系遗传的特性,
通过3个D-loop序列单倍型在36个个体中的分布,揭示了圈养种群的母系谱系
关系,拥有同一个单倍型的个体来源于同一个雌性奠基者。提出圈养种群为维持
种群的遗传多样性,除了奠基者效应,遗传管理十分重要。
4.以白颈长尾雉DNA酶切片段为基因组,利用链霉抗生物素修饰的磁珠与生
物素标记的探针的富集方法筛选了10个微卫星位点,但还需在一定数量的个体中
Elliot' s Pheasant, Syrmaticus ellioti, is endemic to China and regarded as 'Vulnerable' in the 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Its population size is believed to be declining because of ongoing habitat loss and hunting. In this study, the genetic diversity and genetic structure were analysis among five wild population and a captive population using mitochondrial DNA. Furthermore, polymorphic microsatellite loci were characterized as another genetic markers for further study.1. It was indicated that the general genetic diversity of wild population of Elliot' s Pheasant was of higher level as shown by the following parameters: the mean value of haplotype diversity (h) was 0.992, the nean value of nucleotide diversity (π) was 0. 00616, while the nucleotide pairwise divergence range was from 0.0 to 1.5 (%).2. We studied the genetic structure among five populations of Syrmaticus ellioti, sampled respectively from Anhui(AH), Zhejiang(ZJ), Fujian(FJ), Hunan(HN), Guizhou(GZ) provinces using 33 mitochondrial control region sequences. A very little genetic structure among populations was revealed which was mostly due to the effect of the GZ population in the west of China. It was assumed that the GZ population was differentiating. Thus, a management unit (MU) was suggested for the western GZ population. Since the genetic structure was a historic accumulative process, attention should be paied on Nature Reserves ' constructing and developing in other regions to reduce or minimum negative effect due to human actions.3. A litter level of genetic diversity was found in a captive population in Ninbo Zoo, which was attributed to low number of founders. Three control region haplotypes (Ha, Hb, Hc) were identified by six variable nucleotide positions among the control region sequences over 36 individuals. The number
of haplotypes was accorded with the number of female founders o However, large discrepancy in the distribution of the three haplotypes was discovered., It seemed to be presumably linked to human interference in the captive breeding such as ignoring genetic data and focusing attention on few individuals possessing good reproductive ability,, Enlightened by its character of maternal heredity in vertebrates, we used control region sequence as a matrilineage marker for the zoo population. Those individuals shared the same haplotype were offspring from one female founder,. In other words, there were three maternal lineages and the simple relationship among individuals was indicated,, It was concluded that genetic management was very important in captive breeding.4. Ten microsatellite loci were isolated from Elliot' s Pheasant using enrichment modified protocol with streptavidincoated beads ? Their characteristics were expected to be tested further for more specimens., These species-specific microsatellite loci would be other useful genetic markers to assess population genetic studies of Elliot' s pheasant.
引文
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