谐振式软开关恒流充电电源的研究
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摘要
近年来蓄电池由于具有容量大、功率密度高等优点而被广泛应用于煤矿电机车、不间断电源等多种领域。充电电源作为蓄电池的能量补给设备与蓄电池相生相伴,其性能的优劣直接影响蓄电池整体性能。而传统的充电电源开关损耗大、充电效率低、功率密度低。因此研究高效、高功率密度的充电电源具有十分重要的意义。
通过分析目前充电电源的研究现状,采用软开关电源拓扑是提升充电电源效率和功率密度的有效方法,对比研究了常用软开关电源拓扑的优缺点,根据恒流充电电源的运行特点,确定采用串联负载谐振变换器和半桥LLC谐振变换器两种谐振软开关变换器作为恒流充电电源的主电路拓扑,同时为了实现大功率输出,对两单元串联负载谐振变换器的交错并联做了进一步研究。
根据充电电源的恒流输出特性要求和串联负载谐振变换器在不同工作方式下的特点,确定了变换器在谐振电流断续的方式下工作,分析了变换器在该种工作方式下的工作原理,探讨了实现开关管ZCS软开关的条件,并分析了在低压大电流工作条件下适用于串联负载谐振变换器的整流电路结构。针对串联负载谐振变换器调频控制的特点,对两单元串联负载谐振变换器交错并联的控制方式进行了研究,设计了定脉宽调频移相的交错控制方案。对主电路和控制电路进行了设计,并对两单元串联负载谐振变换器交错并联进行了仿真验证。
分析了半桥LLC谐振变换器在两个不同开关频率区间的工作原理,并利用基波分析法建立了变换器的等效模型,在该模型基础上分析了半桥LLC谐振变换器的电流传输特性和电压增益特性,并结合变换器的输入阻抗特性分析了实现ZVS软开关的条件。在分析结果基础上设计了电路参数,并对其进行了仿真验证。
通过实验平台的搭建,分别对两单元串联负载谐振变换器的交错并联和半桥LLC谐振变换器进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:串联负载谐振变换器适合采用全桥整流方式进行整流,两个串联负载谐振变换器单元在交错并联工作状态下均可以实现ZCS软开关,且两单元交错并联效果良好,总输出电流纹波得到改善;半桥LLC谐振变换器在整个工作过程中均可实现ZVS软开关,两种电路拓扑均可在较高的效率下恒流充电。
Storage battery has been widely used in mine electrical vehicle and uninterruptible power supply because of the large capacity and high power density in recent years. The charging power supply as the energy supply equipment is closely linked to storage battery and its performance affects the overall performance of storage battery. The conventional charging power supply has high switching losses, low efficiency and low power density. So it is very meaningful to research the charging power supply with the features of high efficiency and high power density.
This paper analyzes the current status of charging power supply and identifies that soft-switching technique is the effective method to increase efficiency and power density. According to the advantages and disadvantages of common soft-switching topologies and the operating characteristics of constant current charging power supply, the main circuit of current charging power supply is identified to use series load resonant converter and half-bridge LLC resonant converter. This paper does a further research on the interleaved parallel technique of two series load resonant converter units.
According to the condition of constant current output and the features under different operating modes of series load resonant converter, it is clear that resonant current of converter should be operated in discontinuous mode. The ZCS condition of switch is discussed through analyzing principle of the converter. The rectifier structure of series load resonant converter on low-voltage and high-current conditions is also analyzed. This paper also researches the interleaved parallel control mode of two series load resonant converter units. Fixing pulse width, adjusting frequency and shifting phase is used to the control method. Main circuit and control circuit are designed and the simulation of interleaved parallel converter with two series load resonant converter units is carried out.
The working principle of the half-bridge LLC resonant converter in two different switching frequency ranges is analyzed. The equivalent model of the converter by the fundamental analysis method is built. The current transmission character and the voltage gain are analyzed based on the model of the half-bridge LLC resonant converter, and the condition to achieve ZVS soft-switching is analyzed combined with the input impedance character of the converter. The circuit parameters are designed based on the analysis results, and the simulation is carried out.
The two units interleaved paralleled series load resonant converter and the half-bridge LLC resonant converter are verified by experiments through the experimental platform. The experimental results show that full-bridge rectifier is suitable for series load resonant converter , and both of the two series load resonant converter units working at the interleaved paralleled state can achieve ZCS soft-switching, and the effect of the two interleaved paralleled units is well, the ripple of the total output current is improved. And the ZVS soft-switching can be realized throughout the whole process of the half-bridge LLC resonant converter. The efficiency with constant current charging of the two circuit topologies is high.
通过分析目前充电电源的研究现状,采用软开关电源拓扑是提升充电电源效率和功率密度的有效方法,对比研究了常用软开关电源拓扑的优缺点,根据恒流充电电源的运行特点,确定采用串联负载谐振变换器和半桥LLC谐振变换器两种谐振软开关变换器作为恒流充电电源的主电路拓扑,同时为了实现大功率输出,对两单元串联负载谐振变换器的交错并联做了进一步研究。
根据充电电源的恒流输出特性要求和串联负载谐振变换器在不同工作方式下的特点,确定了变换器在谐振电流断续的方式下工作,分析了变换器在该种工作方式下的工作原理,探讨了实现开关管ZCS软开关的条件,并分析了在低压大电流工作条件下适用于串联负载谐振变换器的整流电路结构。针对串联负载谐振变换器调频控制的特点,对两单元串联负载谐振变换器交错并联的控制方式进行了研究,设计了定脉宽调频移相的交错控制方案。对主电路和控制电路进行了设计,并对两单元串联负载谐振变换器交错并联进行了仿真验证。
分析了半桥LLC谐振变换器在两个不同开关频率区间的工作原理,并利用基波分析法建立了变换器的等效模型,在该模型基础上分析了半桥LLC谐振变换器的电流传输特性和电压增益特性,并结合变换器的输入阻抗特性分析了实现ZVS软开关的条件。在分析结果基础上设计了电路参数,并对其进行了仿真验证。
通过实验平台的搭建,分别对两单元串联负载谐振变换器的交错并联和半桥LLC谐振变换器进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:串联负载谐振变换器适合采用全桥整流方式进行整流,两个串联负载谐振变换器单元在交错并联工作状态下均可以实现ZCS软开关,且两单元交错并联效果良好,总输出电流纹波得到改善;半桥LLC谐振变换器在整个工作过程中均可实现ZVS软开关,两种电路拓扑均可在较高的效率下恒流充电。
Storage battery has been widely used in mine electrical vehicle and uninterruptible power supply because of the large capacity and high power density in recent years. The charging power supply as the energy supply equipment is closely linked to storage battery and its performance affects the overall performance of storage battery. The conventional charging power supply has high switching losses, low efficiency and low power density. So it is very meaningful to research the charging power supply with the features of high efficiency and high power density.
This paper analyzes the current status of charging power supply and identifies that soft-switching technique is the effective method to increase efficiency and power density. According to the advantages and disadvantages of common soft-switching topologies and the operating characteristics of constant current charging power supply, the main circuit of current charging power supply is identified to use series load resonant converter and half-bridge LLC resonant converter. This paper does a further research on the interleaved parallel technique of two series load resonant converter units.
According to the condition of constant current output and the features under different operating modes of series load resonant converter, it is clear that resonant current of converter should be operated in discontinuous mode. The ZCS condition of switch is discussed through analyzing principle of the converter. The rectifier structure of series load resonant converter on low-voltage and high-current conditions is also analyzed. This paper also researches the interleaved parallel control mode of two series load resonant converter units. Fixing pulse width, adjusting frequency and shifting phase is used to the control method. Main circuit and control circuit are designed and the simulation of interleaved parallel converter with two series load resonant converter units is carried out.
The working principle of the half-bridge LLC resonant converter in two different switching frequency ranges is analyzed. The equivalent model of the converter by the fundamental analysis method is built. The current transmission character and the voltage gain are analyzed based on the model of the half-bridge LLC resonant converter, and the condition to achieve ZVS soft-switching is analyzed combined with the input impedance character of the converter. The circuit parameters are designed based on the analysis results, and the simulation is carried out.
The two units interleaved paralleled series load resonant converter and the half-bridge LLC resonant converter are verified by experiments through the experimental platform. The experimental results show that full-bridge rectifier is suitable for series load resonant converter , and both of the two series load resonant converter units working at the interleaved paralleled state can achieve ZCS soft-switching, and the effect of the two interleaved paralleled units is well, the ripple of the total output current is improved. And the ZVS soft-switching can be realized throughout the whole process of the half-bridge LLC resonant converter. The efficiency with constant current charging of the two circuit topologies is high.
引文
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2 Lee F.C, Dengming Peng. Power electronics building block and system integration. Power electronics and motion control conference, 2000: 1-8.
3刘军,刘小宁,刘静.多组并联结构的恒流充电电源.电工技术, 2010, 7: 17-19.
4郭琼,姚晓宁.软开关变流技术的发展.电气传动自动化, 2003, 25(4): 1-4.
5王星云,王平,陈莲华.软开关技术发展现状的研究.装备制造技术, 2008, 10: 102-103.
6刘晔,王兆安,苏彦民,王采堂.充电电源的应用与发展.电工技术杂志, 1999, 2: 35-39.
7 J.G.Cho,G.H.Rim and F.C.Lee. Zero-voltage and Zero-current-Switching Full Bridge Converter with Secondary Active Clamp.IEEE.PESC, 1996: 657-663.
8 Jain P.K, Kang W, Soin H,et al. Analysis and Design Considerations of a Loadand Line Independent Zero Voltage Switching Full Bridge DC/DC Coverter Topology. IEEE Transon Power Electron, 2002, 17(5): 649-657.
9 J.G.Cho etal. Novel Zero-voltage and Zero-current-Switching Full Bridge PWM Converter Using A Simple Auxiliary Circuit. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1999, 35(1): 15-20.
10 K.Q.Qu, G.C.Chen and C.Sun. Current Polarity Detection and Current Compensation Strategy for PAC Based Three-Phase ZVS PWM Converter. Journal of Shanghai University, 2005, 9(6): 539-543.
11邓衍平,谢运祥,陈坤鹏.一种新型的ZVS关断电路的研究.电源技术应用, 2004, 8(2): 25-28.
12李金鹏,尹华杰.直流开关电源的软开关技术及其新发展.电工技术杂志, 2004, 7: 75-79.
13蔡宣三.开关电源主电路基本拓扑的演变(DC-DC高频软开关变换技术).电力电子技术, 2003, 1(5): 18-21.
14许峰,徐殿国,柳玉秀.一种新型的全桥零电压零电流开关PWM变换器.中国机械工程学报, 2004, 24(1): 147-152.
15陆春华,和卫星.移相式零电压零电流高频软开关的研究与应用.电焊机, 2003, 3: 9-12.
16 L.Q.Zhou, X.B.Ruan. Zero-current and Zero-voltage Switching PWM BoostFull-btidge Converter. Transaction of Nanning University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003, 20(1): 60-66.
17阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术.科学出版社, 2000: 222-236.
18 Lin B.R, Huang K, Wang D. Analysis,Design,and Implementation of an Active Clamp Forward Coverter with synchronous Rectifier. IEEE Trans on Circuits and Systems, 2006, 53(6): 1310-1319.
19 Lin Bor Ren, Chianq HuannKenq, Tseng Chao-Hsien, et.al. Analysis and Implementation of an Asymmetrical Half-bridge Coverter. Proceeding of the International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive System, 2005: 407-412.
20陈亮.不对称半桥变换器研究.武汉:华中科技大学学位论文, 2007: 40-49.
21柴正勇,胡金燕,张四胜.移相控制ZVS PWM DC/DC全桥变换器.电气传动自动化, 2009, 2: 39-40.
22 Robert L.Steigerwald. A Comparison of Half-bridge Resonant Converter Topologies. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1988, 3(2): 174-182.
23刘飞,韦克康,邵闻博,胡广艳. ZVS-PWM正激变换器有源箝位磁复位技术的研究.通信电源技术, 2008, 25(1): 22-25.
24陈仲,张鑫,季飚,石磊.一种基于变压器串联和新型辅助网络的ZVS移相全桥变换器.电工技术学报, 2009, 24(12): 95-101.
25 Yungtaek Jang, Milan M.Jovanovic, Yu-Ming Chang. A New ZVS-PWM Full- Bridge Converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2003, 18(5) : 1122-1129.
26 Chen Zhao, Xinke Wu, Wei Yao, Zhaoming Qian. Synchronous Rectified Soft-Switched Phase-Shift Full-Bridge converter with Primary Energy Storage Inductor Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2008. APEC 2008. Twenty-Third Annual IEEE, 2008:581-586.
27 Xinhuai Chen, Yufei Zhou, Junning Chen, Li-li Wang. Study on Complex Behavior in Phase- Shifting Full-Bridge ZVS Converter. Circuits and Systems. 2006. APCCAS 2006. IEEE Asia Pacific Conference, 2006: 1988-1991.
28 W.Chen, P.Xu, F.C.Lee. The optimization of asymmetric half bridge converter. IEEE APEC, 2001: 703-707.
29罗廷芳,孟志强. LCC串并联谐振充电高压脉冲电源设计.电源技术与应用, 2010, 36(9): 80-85.
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42 Alpa Gopiyani, Vinod Patel, M.T.Shah. A Novel Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter for High Power DC Power Supply. IPEC, 2010 Conference Proceedings, 2010: 34-39.
43沈萍,龚春英. LLC型串并联谐振变换器参数分析与运用.电源技术应用, 2008, 11(5): 19-23.
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45陈志坚,林国庆.半桥型LLC谐振变换器的建模和设计.电工电气, 2010, 5 (4): 5-8.
46陈伟,王志强.半桥LLC谐振变换器稳态建模及分析.通信电源技术, 2008,25(4): 17-19.
47 T.Duerbaum. First Harmonic Approximation Including Design Constraints. Telecommunications Energy Conference, 1998: 321-328.
48赵晨,石洋,吴新科,谢小高,钱照明.三元件串联LLC谐振变流器的优化设计策略.电工技术学报, 2008, 23(1): 65-71.
49 C.Adragna, De Simone, C Spini. A design methodology for LLC resonant converters based on inspection of resonant tank currents. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2008. APEC 2008. Twenty-Third Annual IEEE, 2008: 1361-1367.
50马皓,祁丰.一种改进的LLC变换器谐振网络参数设计方法.中国电机工程学报, 2008, 28(33): 6-11.
2 Lee F.C, Dengming Peng. Power electronics building block and system integration. Power electronics and motion control conference, 2000: 1-8.
3刘军,刘小宁,刘静.多组并联结构的恒流充电电源.电工技术, 2010, 7: 17-19.
4郭琼,姚晓宁.软开关变流技术的发展.电气传动自动化, 2003, 25(4): 1-4.
5王星云,王平,陈莲华.软开关技术发展现状的研究.装备制造技术, 2008, 10: 102-103.
6刘晔,王兆安,苏彦民,王采堂.充电电源的应用与发展.电工技术杂志, 1999, 2: 35-39.
7 J.G.Cho,G.H.Rim and F.C.Lee. Zero-voltage and Zero-current-Switching Full Bridge Converter with Secondary Active Clamp.IEEE.PESC, 1996: 657-663.
8 Jain P.K, Kang W, Soin H,et al. Analysis and Design Considerations of a Loadand Line Independent Zero Voltage Switching Full Bridge DC/DC Coverter Topology. IEEE Transon Power Electron, 2002, 17(5): 649-657.
9 J.G.Cho etal. Novel Zero-voltage and Zero-current-Switching Full Bridge PWM Converter Using A Simple Auxiliary Circuit. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1999, 35(1): 15-20.
10 K.Q.Qu, G.C.Chen and C.Sun. Current Polarity Detection and Current Compensation Strategy for PAC Based Three-Phase ZVS PWM Converter. Journal of Shanghai University, 2005, 9(6): 539-543.
11邓衍平,谢运祥,陈坤鹏.一种新型的ZVS关断电路的研究.电源技术应用, 2004, 8(2): 25-28.
12李金鹏,尹华杰.直流开关电源的软开关技术及其新发展.电工技术杂志, 2004, 7: 75-79.
13蔡宣三.开关电源主电路基本拓扑的演变(DC-DC高频软开关变换技术).电力电子技术, 2003, 1(5): 18-21.
14许峰,徐殿国,柳玉秀.一种新型的全桥零电压零电流开关PWM变换器.中国机械工程学报, 2004, 24(1): 147-152.
15陆春华,和卫星.移相式零电压零电流高频软开关的研究与应用.电焊机, 2003, 3: 9-12.
16 L.Q.Zhou, X.B.Ruan. Zero-current and Zero-voltage Switching PWM BoostFull-btidge Converter. Transaction of Nanning University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003, 20(1): 60-66.
17阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术.科学出版社, 2000: 222-236.
18 Lin B.R, Huang K, Wang D. Analysis,Design,and Implementation of an Active Clamp Forward Coverter with synchronous Rectifier. IEEE Trans on Circuits and Systems, 2006, 53(6): 1310-1319.
19 Lin Bor Ren, Chianq HuannKenq, Tseng Chao-Hsien, et.al. Analysis and Implementation of an Asymmetrical Half-bridge Coverter. Proceeding of the International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive System, 2005: 407-412.
20陈亮.不对称半桥变换器研究.武汉:华中科技大学学位论文, 2007: 40-49.
21柴正勇,胡金燕,张四胜.移相控制ZVS PWM DC/DC全桥变换器.电气传动自动化, 2009, 2: 39-40.
22 Robert L.Steigerwald. A Comparison of Half-bridge Resonant Converter Topologies. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1988, 3(2): 174-182.
23刘飞,韦克康,邵闻博,胡广艳. ZVS-PWM正激变换器有源箝位磁复位技术的研究.通信电源技术, 2008, 25(1): 22-25.
24陈仲,张鑫,季飚,石磊.一种基于变压器串联和新型辅助网络的ZVS移相全桥变换器.电工技术学报, 2009, 24(12): 95-101.
25 Yungtaek Jang, Milan M.Jovanovic, Yu-Ming Chang. A New ZVS-PWM Full- Bridge Converter. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2003, 18(5) : 1122-1129.
26 Chen Zhao, Xinke Wu, Wei Yao, Zhaoming Qian. Synchronous Rectified Soft-Switched Phase-Shift Full-Bridge converter with Primary Energy Storage Inductor Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2008. APEC 2008. Twenty-Third Annual IEEE, 2008:581-586.
27 Xinhuai Chen, Yufei Zhou, Junning Chen, Li-li Wang. Study on Complex Behavior in Phase- Shifting Full-Bridge ZVS Converter. Circuits and Systems. 2006. APCCAS 2006. IEEE Asia Pacific Conference, 2006: 1988-1991.
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