小型永磁直驱风电系统网侧变换器研究
摘要
由于传统能源危机以及化石能源燃烧造成的环境危机,发展可再生能源势在必行。风力发电是一种清洁无污染、安全可靠的可再生能源,近些年来发展极为迅速,而小型永磁直驱风力发电系统应用前景广阔,受到广泛重视。变换器是小型永磁直驱风电系统的技术核心,在风电系统中有着至关重要的作用。本文主要对小型永磁直驱风力发电系统网侧变换器进行了研究。
本文首先介绍了世界和中国风力发电目前的研究现状以及未来的发展趋势;对永磁直驱式风力发电系统变流技术进行了分析,结合小型永磁直驱风力发电系统的特点,选取了背靠背变换器作为小型永磁直驱风力发电系统的拓扑结构。
其次,对小型永磁直驱风电系统网侧变换器并网控制策略进行了研究。建立了网侧变换器在dq坐标系下的数学模型,在其基础上研究了传统PI控制电流内环、电压外环的并网控制策略,在此基础上进一步研究了高阶非奇异终端滑模控制电流内环、PI控制电压外环的并网控制策略,并进行了对比研究,结果表明采用高阶非奇异终端滑模变结构控制策略响应更快,在电网电压波动以及直流侧输入变化时鲁棒性更好。同时为了获取电网的相位信息,设计了三相软件锁相环,克服了硬件锁相电路在电网电压畸变时不能准确锁相的缺点。
然后,针对电网电压跌落的故障,分析了永磁直驱风力发电系统常用的几种低电压穿越方案,对比研究后采用了带有卸荷电阻的Crowbar保护电路低电压穿越方案,分析了卸荷电阻参数的选取原则及卸荷电阻的投切策略,并在MATLAB/Simulink里搭建了仿真模型,仿真结果验证了该方案的简单有效性。
根据指标要求,设计了小型永磁直驱风力发电系统网侧变换器的硬件电路和软件流程;在硬件方面,设计了网侧变换器的主电路、采样电路、隔离电路、保护电路以及辅助电源电路等;在软件方面,设计了并网控制算法的流程,并重点说明了PWM中断服务子程序、AD采样中断服务子程序及故障保护子程序。
最后,搭建了以TMS320F2812为主控芯片小型永磁直驱风力发电系统网侧变换器实验平台,对网侧变换器的并网控制策略进行了实验验证,分析了实验波形,结果证明了并网控制策略的正确性。
Due to the crisis of traditional energy and the crisis of environment caused by burning fossil fuels, the development of renewable energy is necessary. As the wind power is a clean, pollution-free, safe and reliable renewable energy, it develops very rapidly in recent years. Because the prospect market, the small permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind power system application attracts attention widely. While converter is the core technology of wind power system, it plays a critical role in wind power generation system. This paper mainly focuses on grid side converter and its control strategy of the small permanent magnet direct drive wind power system.
Firstly, this paper introduces current research and future development trends of the world and China's wind power. Then analyzes the current converter technology of PMSG wind power system. Combined with the characteristics of small PMSG wind power system, a back to back converter topology is applied as the topology structure for the small PMSG wind power system.
Secondly, this paper analyzes the research on grid side control strategy detailed. Based on the mathematical model of grid side converter, this paper analyzes the traditional PI control strategy of inner current loop, outer loop voltage. Based on the PI control, the paper adopted the higher-order sliding mode control (SMC) to control the inner current loop, PI control to control the outer voltage loop. The simulation results show that this proposed scheme has better dynamic performance and robustness under the disturbance of gird voltage. Due to hardware lock is not accurately when the grid voltage distortion happened, a three-phase software PLL is used in the paper, the simulation results verified the proposed strategy even if there is a gird voltage amplitude change or a gird voltage distortion.
For the fault of the grid voltage dip, this paper analyzes the commonly used low voltage ride through(LVRT) technology of the PMSG wind power system. And a detailed analysis of the LVRT method of a crowbar protection circuit with resistance is illustrated. Furthermore, the parameter selection principles and control strategy of resistance is analyzed. And the simulation model of the LVRT method of a crowbar protection circuit with resistance is build in MATLAB/Simulink, then the effectiveness of this method is verified.
The hardware circuit and software process of the small PMSG wind power system grid side converter is designed in this paper. For hardware, the grid side converter main circuit, sensing circuit, isolation circuit, protection circuit and the auxiliary power supply circuit is designed. For the software, the process of the entire grid control algorithm is illustrated. And a more detailed illustration about PWM interruption subroutine, AD sensing interruption subroutine, and fault protection interruption subroutine are given. And the algorithm analysis and software design process are listed for each of them.
Finally, the test platform for the small PMSG wind power system grid side converter is build based on TMS320F2812. And experimental waveform was detailed analyzed. Experimental result shows that the correctness of the grid-connected control strategy.
本文首先介绍了世界和中国风力发电目前的研究现状以及未来的发展趋势;对永磁直驱式风力发电系统变流技术进行了分析,结合小型永磁直驱风力发电系统的特点,选取了背靠背变换器作为小型永磁直驱风力发电系统的拓扑结构。
其次,对小型永磁直驱风电系统网侧变换器并网控制策略进行了研究。建立了网侧变换器在dq坐标系下的数学模型,在其基础上研究了传统PI控制电流内环、电压外环的并网控制策略,在此基础上进一步研究了高阶非奇异终端滑模控制电流内环、PI控制电压外环的并网控制策略,并进行了对比研究,结果表明采用高阶非奇异终端滑模变结构控制策略响应更快,在电网电压波动以及直流侧输入变化时鲁棒性更好。同时为了获取电网的相位信息,设计了三相软件锁相环,克服了硬件锁相电路在电网电压畸变时不能准确锁相的缺点。
然后,针对电网电压跌落的故障,分析了永磁直驱风力发电系统常用的几种低电压穿越方案,对比研究后采用了带有卸荷电阻的Crowbar保护电路低电压穿越方案,分析了卸荷电阻参数的选取原则及卸荷电阻的投切策略,并在MATLAB/Simulink里搭建了仿真模型,仿真结果验证了该方案的简单有效性。
根据指标要求,设计了小型永磁直驱风力发电系统网侧变换器的硬件电路和软件流程;在硬件方面,设计了网侧变换器的主电路、采样电路、隔离电路、保护电路以及辅助电源电路等;在软件方面,设计了并网控制算法的流程,并重点说明了PWM中断服务子程序、AD采样中断服务子程序及故障保护子程序。
最后,搭建了以TMS320F2812为主控芯片小型永磁直驱风力发电系统网侧变换器实验平台,对网侧变换器的并网控制策略进行了实验验证,分析了实验波形,结果证明了并网控制策略的正确性。
Due to the crisis of traditional energy and the crisis of environment caused by burning fossil fuels, the development of renewable energy is necessary. As the wind power is a clean, pollution-free, safe and reliable renewable energy, it develops very rapidly in recent years. Because the prospect market, the small permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind power system application attracts attention widely. While converter is the core technology of wind power system, it plays a critical role in wind power generation system. This paper mainly focuses on grid side converter and its control strategy of the small permanent magnet direct drive wind power system.
Firstly, this paper introduces current research and future development trends of the world and China's wind power. Then analyzes the current converter technology of PMSG wind power system. Combined with the characteristics of small PMSG wind power system, a back to back converter topology is applied as the topology structure for the small PMSG wind power system.
Secondly, this paper analyzes the research on grid side control strategy detailed. Based on the mathematical model of grid side converter, this paper analyzes the traditional PI control strategy of inner current loop, outer loop voltage. Based on the PI control, the paper adopted the higher-order sliding mode control (SMC) to control the inner current loop, PI control to control the outer voltage loop. The simulation results show that this proposed scheme has better dynamic performance and robustness under the disturbance of gird voltage. Due to hardware lock is not accurately when the grid voltage distortion happened, a three-phase software PLL is used in the paper, the simulation results verified the proposed strategy even if there is a gird voltage amplitude change or a gird voltage distortion.
For the fault of the grid voltage dip, this paper analyzes the commonly used low voltage ride through(LVRT) technology of the PMSG wind power system. And a detailed analysis of the LVRT method of a crowbar protection circuit with resistance is illustrated. Furthermore, the parameter selection principles and control strategy of resistance is analyzed. And the simulation model of the LVRT method of a crowbar protection circuit with resistance is build in MATLAB/Simulink, then the effectiveness of this method is verified.
The hardware circuit and software process of the small PMSG wind power system grid side converter is designed in this paper. For hardware, the grid side converter main circuit, sensing circuit, isolation circuit, protection circuit and the auxiliary power supply circuit is designed. For the software, the process of the entire grid control algorithm is illustrated. And a more detailed illustration about PWM interruption subroutine, AD sensing interruption subroutine, and fault protection interruption subroutine are given. And the algorithm analysis and software design process are listed for each of them.
Finally, the test platform for the small PMSG wind power system grid side converter is build based on TMS320F2812. And experimental waveform was detailed analyzed. Experimental result shows that the correctness of the grid-connected control strategy.
引文
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