准噶尔盆地南缘昌吉背斜构造建模与构造解释研究
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摘要
昌吉背斜地处准噶尔盆地南缘第一排背斜带，是有利的油气构造圈闭。但一直以来，由于背斜本身构造复杂，加上地表条件不利于地震资料采集等其它原因，背斜的构造问题成了制约油气勘探的首要问题。
本文以现代构造地质学先进理论——断层相关褶皱理论为基础，以基于模型的构造解释方法为指导，以平衡剖面、地震正演模拟和三维可视化技术为手段，结合地表露头、钻井资料，对昌吉背斜的地震剖面进行了构造精细解析，主要取得了以下几点认识：
1、昌吉背斜是因为三角构造楔的楔入而生成的褶皱背斜。
2、从构造形态上看，昌吉背斜东西两段存在明显差异，三角构造楔前锋楔入不同的构造软弱层，是这种差异形成的根本原因。昌吉背斜东西两段的构造转换关系表现为背斜中部的横推断层。
3、三角构造楔内部的突发构造是形成背斜南翼陡、北翼缓的根本原因。
4、背斜深部的低角度逆冲断层以‘前展式’向前分支，在背斜西段形成叠瓦状推覆构造，在背斜东段形成堆垛式双重构造。
The ChangJi anticline lies in the first anticline belt of south of Junggar basin, it is a good oil and gas trap. But by now, because of its complicated structure and the bad surface conditions to obtain seismic data, the structure question becomes the first question that we must to resolve in order to find hydrocarbon.This thesis bases on the advanced theory of modern tectonics -fault related fold theory, and directed by the interpretation method that grounds on model, with the help of balanced cross section technique, seismic forward model and 3D visual technique, unites the other data such as outcrop and well drilling data, we interpreted the seismic data of ChangJi anticline in detail. The following conclusions are gained:1. The main reason of ChangJi anticline form is the wedging of triangle zone.2. There is difference at structure character between the east of anticline and the west of anticline, the reason is triangle zone wedged into different incompetent layer in east and west. The conversion between east and west is a tear fault.3. The pop-up structure causes the south limb of anticline is steeper than the north limb of anticline.4. The low angle thrust fault at section bottom branched forward in piggy-back thrusting style, in the west of anticline they become imbricated thrust structure; in the east of anticline they become antiformal duplex structure.The south of Junggar basin; ChangJi anticline; Fault-bend fold;Triangle zone; Balanced cross section; Structural model
本文以现代构造地质学先进理论——断层相关褶皱理论为基础，以基于模型的构造解释方法为指导，以平衡剖面、地震正演模拟和三维可视化技术为手段，结合地表露头、钻井资料，对昌吉背斜的地震剖面进行了构造精细解析，主要取得了以下几点认识：
1、昌吉背斜是因为三角构造楔的楔入而生成的褶皱背斜。
2、从构造形态上看，昌吉背斜东西两段存在明显差异，三角构造楔前锋楔入不同的构造软弱层，是这种差异形成的根本原因。昌吉背斜东西两段的构造转换关系表现为背斜中部的横推断层。
3、三角构造楔内部的突发构造是形成背斜南翼陡、北翼缓的根本原因。
4、背斜深部的低角度逆冲断层以‘前展式’向前分支，在背斜西段形成叠瓦状推覆构造，在背斜东段形成堆垛式双重构造。
The ChangJi anticline lies in the first anticline belt of south of Junggar basin, it is a good oil and gas trap. But by now, because of its complicated structure and the bad surface conditions to obtain seismic data, the structure question becomes the first question that we must to resolve in order to find hydrocarbon.This thesis bases on the advanced theory of modern tectonics -fault related fold theory, and directed by the interpretation method that grounds on model, with the help of balanced cross section technique, seismic forward model and 3D visual technique, unites the other data such as outcrop and well drilling data, we interpreted the seismic data of ChangJi anticline in detail. The following conclusions are gained:1. The main reason of ChangJi anticline form is the wedging of triangle zone.2. There is difference at structure character between the east of anticline and the west of anticline, the reason is triangle zone wedged into different incompetent layer in east and west. The conversion between east and west is a tear fault.3. The pop-up structure causes the south limb of anticline is steeper than the north limb of anticline.4. The low angle thrust fault at section bottom branched forward in piggy-back thrusting style, in the west of anticline they become imbricated thrust structure; in the east of anticline they become antiformal duplex structure.The south of Junggar basin; ChangJi anticline; Fault-bend fold;Triangle zone; Balanced cross section; Structural model
引文
1、陈伟等．平衡剖面计算机模拟及其应用．北京：科学出版社，1993
2、贾承造等．前陆冲断带油气勘探．北京：石油工业出版社，2000
3、何登发等．前陆盆地分析．北京：石油工业出版社，1996
4、周新源．前陆盆地油气分布规律．北京：石油工业出版社，2002
5、新疆石油管理局等．准噶尔盆地油气地质综合研究．兰州：甘肃科学技术出版社，1992
6、李学义等．准噶尔盆地南缘构造演化与油气聚集的关系．中国中西部前陆盆地冲断带油气勘探文集．北京：石油工业出版社，2002
7、吴晓智等．准噶尔盆地南缘构造应力场与油气运聚的关系．新疆石油地质．2000，21(2)：97～100
8、綦志超．准噶尔盆地南缘昌吉构造地震解释方案探讨．成都理工学院学报．2001，28(1)：75～79
9、吴运高等．造山带逆冲推覆构造研究的主要新进展．地球科学进展．2000，15(4)：426～433
10、牟中海．应用地震资料建立压性盆地平衡剖面．石油地球物理勘探．1992，27(4)：498～504
11、肖安成．平衡剖面的正演模拟方法．江汉石油学院学报．1994，16(1)：1～7
12、Twiss, Robert J. and Moores, Eldridge M. Structural Geology. W. H. Freeman and Company, 1992, 103 and 113.
13、An issue focused on the study of Triangle zones and tectonic wedges. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 1996, v.44. No.2. June
14、Mitra S. Fold-accommodation faults. AAPG, 2002, v.86:671～693
15、Suppe J. Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding. American Journal of Science, 1983, v.283: 684-721
16 Peter B. Jones. Triangle zone geometry, terminology and kinematics. Bulletin of Canadian petroleum geology, 1996, v44. No2: 139-152
17 Wilkerson M S and Dicken C L. Quick-look technigues for evaluating two-dimensional cross sections in detached contractional settings. AAPG Bull., 2001. v85: 1759-1770
18 Dahlstrom C D A. Balanced Cross Sections. Canadian Journal of Earth Seience, 1969, v6: 743-757
19 John H Shaw, Stephen C Hooka, John Suppe. Structural Trend analysis by axial surface mapping. AAPG, 1994, v79(5): 700-721
20 Suppe J. Medwedeff D A. Fault-propagation folding. Geologycal Society of America Bulletin, 1984, vl6: 670
21 Mitra S. and J. S. Namson. Equal-area balancing. American Journal of Science, 1989, v289: 563-599
22 Mitra S. Fault-propagation folds: geometry, kinematic evolution, and hydrocarbon trap. AAPG Bulletin, 1990, v74: 921-945
23 Almendinger R. Inverse and forward numerical modeling of trishear fault propagation folds. Tectonics, 1998, v17:640-656
24 Mitra S. Structural models of faulted detachment folds. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, v86(9): 1673-1694
25 Boyer S. and D. Elliot. Thrust systems. AAPG Bulletin, 1982, v66: 1196-1230
26 DePaor, D. G. Balanced sections in thrust belts. AAPG Bulletin, 1988, v72: 73-91
27 Elliot D. The construction of balabced cross sections. Journal of Structural Geology, 1983, v5: 101
28 Koyi H. A. and A. Teixell. Where is the footwall flat? A cautionary note on template constraints. Journal of Structural Geology, 1999, v21: 373-377
29 Chester, J. and F. M. Chester. Fault-propagation folds above thrusts with constant dip. Jouranl of Structural Geology, 1990, vl2: 903-910
30 Elliott D. The energy balance and deformation mechanisma of thrust sheets.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1976, v283: 289-312
31 Epard J. L. and R. H. Groshong. Kinematic models of detachment folding including limb rotation, fixed hinges, and layer parallel shortening. Journal of Structural Geology, 1995, v247: 85-103
2、贾承造等．前陆冲断带油气勘探．北京：石油工业出版社，2000
3、何登发等．前陆盆地分析．北京：石油工业出版社，1996
4、周新源．前陆盆地油气分布规律．北京：石油工业出版社，2002
5、新疆石油管理局等．准噶尔盆地油气地质综合研究．兰州：甘肃科学技术出版社，1992
6、李学义等．准噶尔盆地南缘构造演化与油气聚集的关系．中国中西部前陆盆地冲断带油气勘探文集．北京：石油工业出版社，2002
7、吴晓智等．准噶尔盆地南缘构造应力场与油气运聚的关系．新疆石油地质．2000，21(2)：97～100
8、綦志超．准噶尔盆地南缘昌吉构造地震解释方案探讨．成都理工学院学报．2001，28(1)：75～79
9、吴运高等．造山带逆冲推覆构造研究的主要新进展．地球科学进展．2000，15(4)：426～433
10、牟中海．应用地震资料建立压性盆地平衡剖面．石油地球物理勘探．1992，27(4)：498～504
11、肖安成．平衡剖面的正演模拟方法．江汉石油学院学报．1994，16(1)：1～7
12、Twiss, Robert J. and Moores, Eldridge M. Structural Geology. W. H. Freeman and Company, 1992, 103 and 113.
13、An issue focused on the study of Triangle zones and tectonic wedges. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 1996, v.44. No.2. June
14、Mitra S. Fold-accommodation faults. AAPG, 2002, v.86:671～693
15、Suppe J. Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding. American Journal of Science, 1983, v.283: 684-721
16 Peter B. Jones. Triangle zone geometry, terminology and kinematics. Bulletin of Canadian petroleum geology, 1996, v44. No2: 139-152
17 Wilkerson M S and Dicken C L. Quick-look technigues for evaluating two-dimensional cross sections in detached contractional settings. AAPG Bull., 2001. v85: 1759-1770
18 Dahlstrom C D A. Balanced Cross Sections. Canadian Journal of Earth Seience, 1969, v6: 743-757
19 John H Shaw, Stephen C Hooka, John Suppe. Structural Trend analysis by axial surface mapping. AAPG, 1994, v79(5): 700-721
20 Suppe J. Medwedeff D A. Fault-propagation folding. Geologycal Society of America Bulletin, 1984, vl6: 670
21 Mitra S. and J. S. Namson. Equal-area balancing. American Journal of Science, 1989, v289: 563-599
22 Mitra S. Fault-propagation folds: geometry, kinematic evolution, and hydrocarbon trap. AAPG Bulletin, 1990, v74: 921-945
23 Almendinger R. Inverse and forward numerical modeling of trishear fault propagation folds. Tectonics, 1998, v17:640-656
24 Mitra S. Structural models of faulted detachment folds. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, v86(9): 1673-1694
25 Boyer S. and D. Elliot. Thrust systems. AAPG Bulletin, 1982, v66: 1196-1230
26 DePaor, D. G. Balanced sections in thrust belts. AAPG Bulletin, 1988, v72: 73-91
27 Elliot D. The construction of balabced cross sections. Journal of Structural Geology, 1983, v5: 101
28 Koyi H. A. and A. Teixell. Where is the footwall flat? A cautionary note on template constraints. Journal of Structural Geology, 1999, v21: 373-377
29 Chester, J. and F. M. Chester. Fault-propagation folds above thrusts with constant dip. Jouranl of Structural Geology, 1990, vl2: 903-910
30 Elliott D. The energy balance and deformation mechanisma of thrust sheets.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1976, v283: 289-312
31 Epard J. L. and R. H. Groshong. Kinematic models of detachment folding including limb rotation, fixed hinges, and layer parallel shortening. Journal of Structural Geology, 1995, v247: 85-103