在线圈中心测量磁场垂直分量的频率域电磁测深方法研究
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摘要
频率域电磁测深是常用的电磁勘探方法之一。现有的人工源频率域电磁测深(例如CSAMT或MELOS方法),理论上都是以电偶极源或者磁偶极源的公式为基础,要求在离场源比较远、使得偶极子公式能够成立,甚至远区近似公式能够成立的地方进行测量。所测量的信号,与测量点到场源中心的距离的3次方(或更高方次)成反比,非常微弱。至今还没有一种在场源中心进行观测的、近区的频率域电磁测深方法。
本文是在何继善院士发明的广域电磁法理论框架下,详细开展了在线圈中心(也就是场源中心)进行观测垂直磁场分量的频率域电磁测深方法,在一定频率范围内载流观测线圈中心电磁场的磁场垂直分量Hz的模,或者其虚分量ImHz或实分量ReHz。本研究能够弥补远区人工源频率域电磁测深的不足,结束频率域电磁测深不能在近区观测的历史。
本文提出的在载流线圈中心观测人工源电磁场的磁场垂直分量的方法,包括3种测量和提取视电阻率的方式。一是观测线圈中心人工源电磁场的磁场垂直分量的模|Hz|提取视电阻率,二是观测线圈中心人工源电磁场的磁场垂直分量的虚分量ImHz提取视电阻率,三是观测线圈中心人工源电磁场的磁场垂直分量的实分量ReHz提取视电阻率。
与现有的频率域电磁测深方法相比,本研究的创新点是：
1.研究了载流线圈中心测量磁场垂直分量进行频率域电磁测深的可行性,提出三种进行测深的方法：(1),测量磁场垂直分量的模|Hz|的电磁测深法；(2),测量磁场垂直分量的虚分量ImHz的电磁测深法；(3)测量磁场垂直分量的实分量ReHz的电磁测深法。
2.测量线圈中心磁场垂直分量的模|Hz|,采用多次迭代、逐次逼近的方法提取视电阻率,打破了频率域电磁测深不能在近区观测的限制,迭代的精度可事先设定,人为掌握,精度高。
3.通过两个不同频率磁场垂直分量虚分量ImHz或实分量ReHz的双频差值(频散率)提取视电阻率,巧妙地地消去了一次磁场的影响,使得在近区进行频率域电磁测深成为现实。特别是测量虚分量ImHz获得的视电阻率,对地下的几何结构和电性分布变化敏感,异常的幅度和宽度大,尤其低频渐近线对基底电性特征的反映明显。
4.将何继善院士提出的伪随机多频组合电流移植到本论文研究的方法中,n个频率的激励电流一次性地同时发送、同时接收n个频率的响应电位差,时间省,效率高,抗干扰能力强。
5.在供电线圈的中心进行近区频率域测量,信号强,观测精度高。现有的其它频率域电磁测深方法(例如CSAMT法或MELOS法),需要在离线圈中心很远的、使远区近似公式或者偶极子公式得以成立的地方进行测量。由于场的强度与观测点到线圈中心的距离的3次方(甚至更高次方)成反比,远离线圈中心的场非常微弱,难以测量准确。本方法直接在线圈中心测量,垂直磁场Hz的信号强大,容易测量准确。可以减少读数叠加的次数,节省读数时间,提高工效。
本文内容包括五章。第一章绪论,第二章线圈中心频率域电磁场的基本理论,第三章线圈中心频率域电磁测深的基本原理,第四章线圈中心测量磁场垂直分量提取视电阻率的数值模拟与分析,第五章结论与建议。
Frequency domain electromagnetic sounding is one of the commonly-used electromagnetic exploration methods. In theory, existing artificial sources in frequency domain electromagnetic sounding (for example, CSAMT or MELOS method) are based on the source formulas of electric dipole or magnetic dipole source, requiring to make the measurement at a distance that the dipole formula can be established, even the distance as far as where the approximate formulas can be established. The measured signal source is very weak and inversely proportional to the three power (or more) of the distance between the observation point and the source center. Hitherto there is no near-region frequency domain electromagnetic sounding method that conducts the observation at the source center.
This paper studies the frequency domain electromagnetic sounding method that conducts the observation at coil center (that is, field source center), observing the magnetic field vertical component, or the virtual reality component or components of the model at the electromagnetic coil center in a certain carrier frequency range. This study can make up for the insufficiency of far-region artificial source in frequency domain electromagnetic sounding and puts an end to the history that frequency domain electromagnetic sounding can not conduct observation in near region.
This paper puts forward a method to observe electromagnetic field vertical component artificial sources in the current-carrying coil center, including three kinds of apparent resistivity measurement and extraction means. The first is the observation of vertical component of the magnetic field apparent resistivity model extraction in the artificial source electromagnetic coil center, the second the observation of the magnetic field vertical component of the imaginary component extraction resistivity in the artificial source electromagnetic coil center, and the third is the observation of magnetic field perpendicular to the artificial source Real component extraction component apparent resistivity in the observed electromagnetic coil center.
Compared with the existing frequency domain electromagnetic sounding methods, this paper has the innovations points as below:
1. This papers studies the feasibility of measuring the carrier component of magnetic field perpendicular in the coil center to measure the frequency domain electromagnetic sounding and puts forward three methods for sounding:(1) the electromagnetic sounding of measuring the magnetic field vertical component; (2) the electromagnetic sounding of measuring the vertical magnetic field component of the virtual component; (3) the electromagnetic sounding of measuring the magnetic field vertical component of the real component.
2. The measurement of the magnetic field vertical component of the coil center model adopts the use of multiple iterations, successive approximation method to make the extraction of the apparent resistivity, breaking the limitation that frequency domain electromagnetic sounding can not be observed in the near regions; the accuracy of iteration can be set in advance, hence to realize human control and high accuracy.
3. Through two different frequency components of the magnetic field, that is the imaginary or real component of the vertical component, the frequency difference (dispersion ratio) of apparent resistivity can be extracted, hence cleverly eliminating the impact of primary magnetic field and realizing frequency domain electromagnetic sounding in the near area. In particular, the apparent resistivity obtained by measuring the imaginary component is sensitive to the change of the underground geometric structure and electrical distribution and can show large anomalies of the amplitude and width, especially the significant electrical characteristics reflected in the low-frequency asymptotes.
4. The study methods of this paper adopts the pseudo-random multi-frequency current combination put forward by Mr. He Jishan, to simultaneously send n-potential frequency excitation current and receive n-potential difference of the frequency response, hence saving time and realizing high efficiency and anti-interference ability.
5. Strong signal and high precision can be realized in near-region frequency domain measurements in the power supply coil center. For other existing frequency domain electromagnetic sounding methods (such as CSAMT or MELOS), the measurement can be realized only when the far dipole approximation formula or dipole formula can be established far from the coil center. Due to the fact that the intensity of the field is inversely proportional to the three power (or more) of the distance between the observation points and the source center, the field far from the coil center is very weak and difficult to be measured accurately. The method put forward in this paper directly conducts the measurement in the coil center, and it is easy to realize accurate measurement because there is strong signal at the perpendicular magnetic field. It can reduce the readings superimposed, save the reading time and improve efficiency.
This paper includes five chapters. Chapter I is Introduction, Chapter II the basic theory of coil center frequency of electromagnetic field, Chapter III the basic principle of coil center frequency domain electromagnetic sounding, Chapter IV the numerical simulation and analysis on the apparent resistivity extracted from measuring the magnetic field vertical component of the coil center, and Chapter V the conclusion and suggestions.
本文是在何继善院士发明的广域电磁法理论框架下,详细开展了在线圈中心(也就是场源中心)进行观测垂直磁场分量的频率域电磁测深方法,在一定频率范围内载流观测线圈中心电磁场的磁场垂直分量Hz的模,或者其虚分量ImHz或实分量ReHz。本研究能够弥补远区人工源频率域电磁测深的不足,结束频率域电磁测深不能在近区观测的历史。
本文提出的在载流线圈中心观测人工源电磁场的磁场垂直分量的方法,包括3种测量和提取视电阻率的方式。一是观测线圈中心人工源电磁场的磁场垂直分量的模|Hz|提取视电阻率,二是观测线圈中心人工源电磁场的磁场垂直分量的虚分量ImHz提取视电阻率,三是观测线圈中心人工源电磁场的磁场垂直分量的实分量ReHz提取视电阻率。
与现有的频率域电磁测深方法相比,本研究的创新点是：
1.研究了载流线圈中心测量磁场垂直分量进行频率域电磁测深的可行性,提出三种进行测深的方法：(1),测量磁场垂直分量的模|Hz|的电磁测深法；(2),测量磁场垂直分量的虚分量ImHz的电磁测深法；(3)测量磁场垂直分量的实分量ReHz的电磁测深法。
2.测量线圈中心磁场垂直分量的模|Hz|,采用多次迭代、逐次逼近的方法提取视电阻率,打破了频率域电磁测深不能在近区观测的限制,迭代的精度可事先设定,人为掌握,精度高。
3.通过两个不同频率磁场垂直分量虚分量ImHz或实分量ReHz的双频差值(频散率)提取视电阻率,巧妙地地消去了一次磁场的影响,使得在近区进行频率域电磁测深成为现实。特别是测量虚分量ImHz获得的视电阻率,对地下的几何结构和电性分布变化敏感,异常的幅度和宽度大,尤其低频渐近线对基底电性特征的反映明显。
4.将何继善院士提出的伪随机多频组合电流移植到本论文研究的方法中,n个频率的激励电流一次性地同时发送、同时接收n个频率的响应电位差,时间省,效率高,抗干扰能力强。
5.在供电线圈的中心进行近区频率域测量,信号强,观测精度高。现有的其它频率域电磁测深方法(例如CSAMT法或MELOS法),需要在离线圈中心很远的、使远区近似公式或者偶极子公式得以成立的地方进行测量。由于场的强度与观测点到线圈中心的距离的3次方(甚至更高次方)成反比,远离线圈中心的场非常微弱,难以测量准确。本方法直接在线圈中心测量,垂直磁场Hz的信号强大,容易测量准确。可以减少读数叠加的次数,节省读数时间,提高工效。
本文内容包括五章。第一章绪论,第二章线圈中心频率域电磁场的基本理论,第三章线圈中心频率域电磁测深的基本原理,第四章线圈中心测量磁场垂直分量提取视电阻率的数值模拟与分析,第五章结论与建议。
Frequency domain electromagnetic sounding is one of the commonly-used electromagnetic exploration methods. In theory, existing artificial sources in frequency domain electromagnetic sounding (for example, CSAMT or MELOS method) are based on the source formulas of electric dipole or magnetic dipole source, requiring to make the measurement at a distance that the dipole formula can be established, even the distance as far as where the approximate formulas can be established. The measured signal source is very weak and inversely proportional to the three power (or more) of the distance between the observation point and the source center. Hitherto there is no near-region frequency domain electromagnetic sounding method that conducts the observation at the source center.
This paper studies the frequency domain electromagnetic sounding method that conducts the observation at coil center (that is, field source center), observing the magnetic field vertical component, or the virtual reality component or components of the model at the electromagnetic coil center in a certain carrier frequency range. This study can make up for the insufficiency of far-region artificial source in frequency domain electromagnetic sounding and puts an end to the history that frequency domain electromagnetic sounding can not conduct observation in near region.
This paper puts forward a method to observe electromagnetic field vertical component artificial sources in the current-carrying coil center, including three kinds of apparent resistivity measurement and extraction means. The first is the observation of vertical component of the magnetic field apparent resistivity model extraction in the artificial source electromagnetic coil center, the second the observation of the magnetic field vertical component of the imaginary component extraction resistivity in the artificial source electromagnetic coil center, and the third is the observation of magnetic field perpendicular to the artificial source Real component extraction component apparent resistivity in the observed electromagnetic coil center.
Compared with the existing frequency domain electromagnetic sounding methods, this paper has the innovations points as below:
1. This papers studies the feasibility of measuring the carrier component of magnetic field perpendicular in the coil center to measure the frequency domain electromagnetic sounding and puts forward three methods for sounding:(1) the electromagnetic sounding of measuring the magnetic field vertical component; (2) the electromagnetic sounding of measuring the vertical magnetic field component of the virtual component; (3) the electromagnetic sounding of measuring the magnetic field vertical component of the real component.
2. The measurement of the magnetic field vertical component of the coil center model adopts the use of multiple iterations, successive approximation method to make the extraction of the apparent resistivity, breaking the limitation that frequency domain electromagnetic sounding can not be observed in the near regions; the accuracy of iteration can be set in advance, hence to realize human control and high accuracy.
3. Through two different frequency components of the magnetic field, that is the imaginary or real component of the vertical component, the frequency difference (dispersion ratio) of apparent resistivity can be extracted, hence cleverly eliminating the impact of primary magnetic field and realizing frequency domain electromagnetic sounding in the near area. In particular, the apparent resistivity obtained by measuring the imaginary component is sensitive to the change of the underground geometric structure and electrical distribution and can show large anomalies of the amplitude and width, especially the significant electrical characteristics reflected in the low-frequency asymptotes.
4. The study methods of this paper adopts the pseudo-random multi-frequency current combination put forward by Mr. He Jishan, to simultaneously send n-potential frequency excitation current and receive n-potential difference of the frequency response, hence saving time and realizing high efficiency and anti-interference ability.
5. Strong signal and high precision can be realized in near-region frequency domain measurements in the power supply coil center. For other existing frequency domain electromagnetic sounding methods (such as CSAMT or MELOS), the measurement can be realized only when the far dipole approximation formula or dipole formula can be established far from the coil center. Due to the fact that the intensity of the field is inversely proportional to the three power (or more) of the distance between the observation points and the source center, the field far from the coil center is very weak and difficult to be measured accurately. The method put forward in this paper directly conducts the measurement in the coil center, and it is easy to realize accurate measurement because there is strong signal at the perpendicular magnetic field. It can reduce the readings superimposed, save the reading time and improve efficiency.
This paper includes five chapters. Chapter I is Introduction, Chapter II the basic theory of coil center frequency of electromagnetic field, Chapter III the basic principle of coil center frequency domain electromagnetic sounding, Chapter IV the numerical simulation and analysis on the apparent resistivity extracted from measuring the magnetic field vertical component of the coil center, and Chapter V the conclusion and suggestions.
引文
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