大坝防渗体局部损伤随机模型及分析方法研究
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摘要
大坝防渗体是大坝安全运行的一个重要保证。因此,防渗体是否能够发挥效用就成了大家关注的问题。由于防渗体在施工质量控制过程中,存在多种因素的影响,因此防渗体或多或少的存在“瑕疵”,本文称之为损伤。本文以随机思想为指导,结合三维有限元渗流分析方法,模拟和分析随机损伤对防渗体下游渗流场的影响。主要研究内容与成果如下:
     (1)综述国内外对随机渗流方面的研究成果,对比了各种方法的特点,在此基础上提出了本文研究的问题与分析问题的方法。
     (2)总结了渗流基本理论和渗流分析的基本方法,为下面的工作提供了理论基础。结合工程实际情况,研究出确定损伤大小、个数和分布的随机性分析方法,并通过Fortran程序加以实现。
     (3)以深厚覆盖层上的心墙坝理想防渗墙模型为例,应用势流理论的基本解,在必要的理论概化基础上研究提出了含有单个损伤情况下的防渗墙下游覆盖层渗流的解析解。研究分析了防渗墙局部损伤规模、损伤类型、水头差对覆盖层渗透稳定性的影响。
     (4)将大坝防渗体随机损伤模型与三维渗流有限元方法相结合,为了应用有限元方法研究防渗体随机损伤,提出了对防渗体损伤分级的定义及分级分析的方法。在此基础上研究提出对防渗体一级局部损伤的杆单元模型与次级损伤的渗流等效模型分析方法。
     (5)研究了碾压混凝土大坝层、缝面随机损伤的渗流模拟分析方法。将大坝上游防渗层的层面与大坝坝体(三级配碾压混凝土)的层面分开讨论,并研究了其扬压力的变化,论证了上游防渗层局部损伤规模控制的重要性。
     (6)将大坝的防渗体随机损伤的分析方法应用到深厚覆盖层地基上高心墙堆石坝的渗流控制分析计算中。分析比较了不同的损伤半径,不同的损伤总面积情况下的渗流场,得出了不同损伤情况对渗流场的影响。为大坝防渗体的施工质量控制指标确定提供了参考依据。
     (7)总结了全文取得的成果、尚未解决的问题,提出了展望。
The anti-seepage body is the important guarantee of the dam safe operation. Therefore, it's a matter of concern that the anti-seepage body whether could display effectiveness. During the construction quality control process, there are many kinds of factors influencing anti-seepage. Thus, there is more of less "stain", which is called as blemish in this dissertation. The random idea and the method of three-dimensional finite element seepage analyzing are used to simulate and analyze the random blemish's effects to the seepage field in the lower river. Main research content and achievement are as follows:
     (1) Summarize the domestic and foreign research results, compare each method characteristic, and propose the method of researching and analyzing question in this foundation.
     (2) Summarize the basic theory of seepage and basic methods of seepage analyzing, combining the actual situation of project, study out the random analyzing way of confirming the size, number and distribution of blemish by the way of Fortran procedure.
     (3)We used the basic result about potential current and the perfect imperious wall model in overburden layer to work over the analytical result of seep in overburden layer which lower the imperious wall had a single blemish. And we studied the effects to the seepage field in the lower river when we changed the dimension of the blemish, the type of blemish or the head difference.
     (4) Combining the method of random blemish and three-dimensional finite element, we advanced extraction graduation definition and the graduation analysis method of blemish for using the three-dimensional finite element. In this foundation, we analyzed the extraction graduation blemish using perch cell model and analyzed the graduation blemish using equivalent flux model.
     (5) We researched the analyzing method of random blemish of rolled concrete dam's layer and clearance plane. Discuss the upstream dam's seepage layer and dam body's layer separately, and study the changes of uplifting pressure, which confirms the importance of the upstream dam's seepage layer.
     (6) Apply the analyzing method of three-dimensional impervious wall's random blemish to the seepage analyzing and computing of rock fill dam with gravel core wall. Get the result of seepage field when the blemish radius and blemish total area are both different, and the different changes of blemish's effects to seepage field. Furthermore, compare the result of impervious wall seepage coefficient reduction and random blemish methods when the blemish area is the same. And it provided basis for us to control the quality of impervious wall.
     (7) Summarize the achievement of full dissertation and the problems not yet solved, propose the expectation at last.
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