发电机中性点接地方式分析选择
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摘要
通过各种接地方式的分析，介绍了发电机中性点接地的概念，了解了各种接地方式的主要优缺点。针对大中型发电机的两种主要接地方式进行了分析，进行了接地故障电流、三次谐波保护的计算推导，首次在接地变高阻接地方式有关公式推导中计入接地变感抗，从而使人们对接地变高阻接地认识更为全面。在暂态过电压和三次谐波保护等问题上，提出了一些不同观点。从而为工程设计和生产制造有关人员提供了有益的参考和比较。
由于暂态过电压、接地故障电流等都直接与发电机接地方式有关，同时还影响或决定着发电机的保护形式，所以接地方式的选择在理论和实践上都是一个复杂的问题。
在现有大中型发电机中性点接地选择上，主要有消弧线圈接地方式和接地变高阻接地方式。经分析比较认为，在水电站水轮发电机组宜选用接地变高阻接地方式；在火电厂和热电厂汽轮发电机组，选用何种接地方式，给出明确的结论尚需理论和实践的进一步深入。
Through analyzing of every kinds of generator ground,introduces the concept and there have knowing of all kinds of generator grounding. Have studied generator ground model mostly used in detail for middle and big domestic generator units.
Calculates and deduces fault current as grounding of single phase and third harmonic fault protection schemes. First time contributes overall knowledge about generator neutral grounding of distribution transformer with secondary resistor,in which considered inductance of the transformer to people. Brings out some new and different viewpoint on issues of transient and dynamic voltages for generator single phase fault as well as third harmonic fault protection.! Presents good references for engineering design and manufacture person who deal with the generator neutral ground.
Because there is direct relation ship with fault currents and transient and dynamic voltages,in theory or practice,it is so complicated that the selection of generator neutral grounding model will affect or determine the generator protection scheme.
In mode selection of middle and large capacity units nowadays,there mainly have two types of Peterson coil grounding and distribution transformer with resistor. By analyses and compares,the conclusion is that it would be better to choose high resistance grounding of distribution transformer for hydro turbine in hydro power station. There is no certain conclusion for steam turbine in fossil-fired power plant. Getting a clear answer to choose good generator grounding mode still needs practice and time.
由于暂态过电压、接地故障电流等都直接与发电机接地方式有关，同时还影响或决定着发电机的保护形式，所以接地方式的选择在理论和实践上都是一个复杂的问题。
在现有大中型发电机中性点接地选择上，主要有消弧线圈接地方式和接地变高阻接地方式。经分析比较认为，在水电站水轮发电机组宜选用接地变高阻接地方式；在火电厂和热电厂汽轮发电机组，选用何种接地方式，给出明确的结论尚需理论和实践的进一步深入。
Through analyzing of every kinds of generator ground,introduces the concept and there have knowing of all kinds of generator grounding. Have studied generator ground model mostly used in detail for middle and big domestic generator units.
Calculates and deduces fault current as grounding of single phase and third harmonic fault protection schemes. First time contributes overall knowledge about generator neutral grounding of distribution transformer with secondary resistor,in which considered inductance of the transformer to people. Brings out some new and different viewpoint on issues of transient and dynamic voltages for generator single phase fault as well as third harmonic fault protection.! Presents good references for engineering design and manufacture person who deal with the generator neutral ground.
Because there is direct relation ship with fault currents and transient and dynamic voltages,in theory or practice,it is so complicated that the selection of generator neutral grounding model will affect or determine the generator protection scheme.
In mode selection of middle and large capacity units nowadays,there mainly have two types of Peterson coil grounding and distribution transformer with resistor. By analyses and compares,the conclusion is that it would be better to choose high resistance grounding of distribution transformer for hydro turbine in hydro power station. There is no certain conclusion for steam turbine in fossil-fired power plant. Getting a clear answer to choose good generator grounding mode still needs practice and time.
引文
1．王维俭，侯炳蕴．大型机组继电保护理论基础．第二版．水利电力出版社，1982，12．
2．王维俭．发电机变压器继电保护应用．水利电力出版社，1998，3．
3．赵智大．电力系统中性点接地问题．中国工业出版社．1965，8．
4. Central station engineers of the Westinghouse electric corporation. Electrical Transmission and Distribution Reference Book. 1964.
5．田井武．200MW汽轮发电机定子线圈短路事故的统计分析．吉林电力技术．1993，2．第1期．15～18．
6．胡文纳．发电机中性点经高阻接地．水电厂自动化．1995，9．第4期，31～35．
7．袁沈明．二滩电站发电机--变压器组继电保护．水电厂自动化．1998，10．第4期。
8．薛紫球．大型发电机中性点接地装置的研制．人民长江．1995，3．第26卷，第3期，16～21．
9．李毅军．三峡左岸电站发电机中性点接地方式的选型与计算．水力发电，1999．第4期，48～50．
10. A working-group report for the power system relaying committee. Generator Ground Protection Guide. ANSI/IEEE37.101-1985.
11．张忠禄，贾振国．大型发电机中性点接地方式与定子接地保护．吉林电力技术，1998，12．第6期，5～7．
12．李玉海，张晓庆，徐敏．关于定子接地保护的几个问题．电力系统自动化．1999．6，第23卷，第11期，50～54．
13．王维俭．主设备保护的几个理论和运行问题．电力系统自动化．1998。
14．李宏伟．十三陵蓄能电厂发电机定子100％单相接地保护与分析．水电厂自动化，1998．10，第4期．76～77．
15．王效增．我厂四号发电机定子百分之百接地保护．东北水力发电学报．1990，6．第6卷，第2期，54～56．
16．汪燕，王晓瑜，舒廉甫，计绿野．水轮发电机中性点经消弧线圈接地动态电势的研究．高电压技术．1999，3．第1期．56～60．
17. P.G.Brown, l.B.Johnson, J.R.Stevenson. Generator neutral grounding. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.Vol. PAS-97,no.3,1978,683～694.
18．赵林，肖国荣，权东国．600MW和200MW发电机定子接地保护的比较．电站设备自动化．1996，1．第1期。32～36．
19．朱杰民，隋永正，鲁青．水电站发电机中性点接地方式选择分析．东北水利水
电．1995，5．第5期。4～6。
20．朱杰民，王丽，王雪松．发电机中性点接地与定子接地保护．东北电力技术．2000．1．第1期，16～18。
21．朱杰民，陈宝海，沈锦娟．发电机中性点接地变压器电抗不宜忽略．东北水利水电．2000，5．第5期，10～12。
22．吴东湘，发电机中性点的接地方法．水电电气设计．1990．2．第2期，29～34。
2．王维俭．发电机变压器继电保护应用．水利电力出版社，1998，3．
3．赵智大．电力系统中性点接地问题．中国工业出版社．1965，8．
4. Central station engineers of the Westinghouse electric corporation. Electrical Transmission and Distribution Reference Book. 1964.
5．田井武．200MW汽轮发电机定子线圈短路事故的统计分析．吉林电力技术．1993，2．第1期．15～18．
6．胡文纳．发电机中性点经高阻接地．水电厂自动化．1995，9．第4期，31～35．
7．袁沈明．二滩电站发电机--变压器组继电保护．水电厂自动化．1998，10．第4期。
8．薛紫球．大型发电机中性点接地装置的研制．人民长江．1995，3．第26卷，第3期，16～21．
9．李毅军．三峡左岸电站发电机中性点接地方式的选型与计算．水力发电，1999．第4期，48～50．
10. A working-group report for the power system relaying committee. Generator Ground Protection Guide. ANSI/IEEE37.101-1985.
11．张忠禄，贾振国．大型发电机中性点接地方式与定子接地保护．吉林电力技术，1998，12．第6期，5～7．
12．李玉海，张晓庆，徐敏．关于定子接地保护的几个问题．电力系统自动化．1999．6，第23卷，第11期，50～54．
13．王维俭．主设备保护的几个理论和运行问题．电力系统自动化．1998。
14．李宏伟．十三陵蓄能电厂发电机定子100％单相接地保护与分析．水电厂自动化，1998．10，第4期．76～77．
15．王效增．我厂四号发电机定子百分之百接地保护．东北水力发电学报．1990，6．第6卷，第2期，54～56．
16．汪燕，王晓瑜，舒廉甫，计绿野．水轮发电机中性点经消弧线圈接地动态电势的研究．高电压技术．1999，3．第1期．56～60．
17. P.G.Brown, l.B.Johnson, J.R.Stevenson. Generator neutral grounding. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.Vol. PAS-97,no.3,1978,683～694.
18．赵林，肖国荣，权东国．600MW和200MW发电机定子接地保护的比较．电站设备自动化．1996，1．第1期。32～36．
19．朱杰民，隋永正，鲁青．水电站发电机中性点接地方式选择分析．东北水利水
电．1995，5．第5期。4～6。
20．朱杰民，王丽，王雪松．发电机中性点接地与定子接地保护．东北电力技术．2000．1．第1期，16～18。
21．朱杰民，陈宝海，沈锦娟．发电机中性点接地变压器电抗不宜忽略．东北水利水电．2000，5．第5期，10～12。
22．吴东湘，发电机中性点的接地方法．水电电气设计．1990．2．第2期，29～34。