内蒙古白刺属四种植物营养成分分析及其评价
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摘要
本试验以分布于内蒙古阿拉善左旗白刺属(Nitraria)的小果白刺(N.sibirica Pall.)、白刺(N. tangutorum Bobr.)、大白刺(N. roborowskii Kom.)和球果白刺(N. sphaerocarpa Maxim.)作为供试材料,对四种植物5月份、7月份、9月份的当年生枝和叶进行了营养成分测定,同时对小果白刺、白刺、大白刺三种植物果实的营养成分也进行了测定,从饲用营养价值和白刺果实饮品开发两方面对白刺属植物进行了综合评价,为今后进一步对可贵的白刺属植物资源的开发利用提供依据。测定结果如下:
1.同种白刺营养成分含量从5月份到9月份依次递增;四种白刺叶不同时期营养成分含量以9月份小果白刺叶为最高,其次为9月份球果白刺叶、9月份白刺叶,大果白刺叶营养成分含量最低;四种白刺当年生枝不同时期营养成分含量以9月份球果白刺枝为最高,其次为白刺枝、大果白刺枝,小果白刺枝营养成分含量最低;对四种白刺不同时期当年生枝、叶营养成分进行综合分析,结果以9月份球果白刺营养成分含量最高,其次为9月份白刺、9月份小果白刺,大果白刺综合营养成分含量最低。
2.从枝叶营养成分总体含量而言,四种白刺营养成分含量由高到低依次为球果白刺、白刺、小果白刺、大果白刺;从营养成分含量及开发利用最佳经济角度而言,四种白刺开发利用优先考虑顺序为白刺、小果白刺、大果白刺、球果白刺。
3.三种白刺果实综合营养成分含量以小果白刺果为最高,其次为大果白刺果,最差的为白刺果;小果白刺果营养成分极为丰富,氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸含量高达26.620%,是质量较好的蛋白源。果实中维生素C含量高达46.0mg/100g,微量元素铁、钙、锌含量也很丰富,因此,作为食品加工如野果饮料、原汁果浆等白刺果开发利用,小果白刺果为首选。
Nitraria sibirica Pall.,Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.,Nitraria roborowskii Kom.and Nitraria sphaerocarpa Maxim.of Nitraria L. which distributed in Alashan area of Inner Mongolia were taken as tested material in this experiment. Nutritional components of the four plants were determined through current-year branches and leaves on May, July and September. Furthermore, nutritional components of three kind of fruits of N. sibirica Pall., N. tangutorum Bobr., N.roborowskii Kom.were also measured. Comprehensive evaluation of plants of Nitraria L. was conducted in two aspects of feed nutritive value and fruit drink exploitation. The results are as follows:
1. Nutritional contents of same Nitraria were in the increasing order. Nutritional contents of leaves of N. sibirica Pall. in September were the highest among the four types of leaves in different periods. Leaf of N. sphaerocarpa Maxim. and leaf of tangutorum Bobr. in September ranked secondly. Nutritional contents of leaf of N. roborouskii Kom. were the lowest. Nutritional contents of current-year branches of N. sphaerocarpa Maxim. were the highest among the four types of plants.Current-year branches of N.tangutorum Bobr.and N. roborouskii Kom ranked secondly. Nutritional contents of current-year branches of N. sibirica Pall. were the lowest. Comprehensive evaluation of nutritional contents in the four plants was conducted in two aspects of current-year branches and leaves. The result showed that nutritional contents of N. sphaerocarpa Maxim. in September were the highest. N. tangutorum Bobr. and N. sibirica Pall. ranked secondly. Comprehensive nutritional contents of N. roborouskii Kom were the lowest.
2. According to the general nutritional contents of branches and leaves, the nutritional contents of the four plants were in the decreasing order of the groups of N.sphaerocarpa Maxim., N.tangutorum Bobr., N.sibirica Pall. and N.roborowskii Kom.. Based on the optimal economic aspects of nutritional contents and development, the preferential consideration order of exploitation of the four plants was N.tangutorum Bobr., N. sibirica Pall., N. roborouskiikom, and N. sphaerocarpa Maxim.
3. The contents of comprehensive nutritional components in N.sibirica Pall. were the highest among the three fruits. The fruit of N. roborowskii Kom. ranked secondly. The fruit of N.tangutorum Bobr. was the lowest. The fruit of N.sibirica Pall. is rich in all kinds of nutritional components. It has complete types of amino acid and the necessary amino acid content riches 26.620%. It is used as the protein source in good quality. Vitamin C content in the fruit riches 46.0 mg/100g. The content of trace elements iron, calcium, and zinc is also abundant. Therefore, the fruit of N.sibirica Pall. is first choice in order to make use of food processing such as exploitation of wild fruit drinks and raw juice fruit paste.
1.同种白刺营养成分含量从5月份到9月份依次递增;四种白刺叶不同时期营养成分含量以9月份小果白刺叶为最高,其次为9月份球果白刺叶、9月份白刺叶,大果白刺叶营养成分含量最低;四种白刺当年生枝不同时期营养成分含量以9月份球果白刺枝为最高,其次为白刺枝、大果白刺枝,小果白刺枝营养成分含量最低;对四种白刺不同时期当年生枝、叶营养成分进行综合分析,结果以9月份球果白刺营养成分含量最高,其次为9月份白刺、9月份小果白刺,大果白刺综合营养成分含量最低。
2.从枝叶营养成分总体含量而言,四种白刺营养成分含量由高到低依次为球果白刺、白刺、小果白刺、大果白刺;从营养成分含量及开发利用最佳经济角度而言,四种白刺开发利用优先考虑顺序为白刺、小果白刺、大果白刺、球果白刺。
3.三种白刺果实综合营养成分含量以小果白刺果为最高,其次为大果白刺果,最差的为白刺果;小果白刺果营养成分极为丰富,氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸含量高达26.620%,是质量较好的蛋白源。果实中维生素C含量高达46.0mg/100g,微量元素铁、钙、锌含量也很丰富,因此,作为食品加工如野果饮料、原汁果浆等白刺果开发利用,小果白刺果为首选。
Nitraria sibirica Pall.,Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.,Nitraria roborowskii Kom.and Nitraria sphaerocarpa Maxim.of Nitraria L. which distributed in Alashan area of Inner Mongolia were taken as tested material in this experiment. Nutritional components of the four plants were determined through current-year branches and leaves on May, July and September. Furthermore, nutritional components of three kind of fruits of N. sibirica Pall., N. tangutorum Bobr., N.roborowskii Kom.were also measured. Comprehensive evaluation of plants of Nitraria L. was conducted in two aspects of feed nutritive value and fruit drink exploitation. The results are as follows:
1. Nutritional contents of same Nitraria were in the increasing order. Nutritional contents of leaves of N. sibirica Pall. in September were the highest among the four types of leaves in different periods. Leaf of N. sphaerocarpa Maxim. and leaf of tangutorum Bobr. in September ranked secondly. Nutritional contents of leaf of N. roborouskii Kom. were the lowest. Nutritional contents of current-year branches of N. sphaerocarpa Maxim. were the highest among the four types of plants.Current-year branches of N.tangutorum Bobr.and N. roborouskii Kom ranked secondly. Nutritional contents of current-year branches of N. sibirica Pall. were the lowest. Comprehensive evaluation of nutritional contents in the four plants was conducted in two aspects of current-year branches and leaves. The result showed that nutritional contents of N. sphaerocarpa Maxim. in September were the highest. N. tangutorum Bobr. and N. sibirica Pall. ranked secondly. Comprehensive nutritional contents of N. roborouskii Kom were the lowest.
2. According to the general nutritional contents of branches and leaves, the nutritional contents of the four plants were in the decreasing order of the groups of N.sphaerocarpa Maxim., N.tangutorum Bobr., N.sibirica Pall. and N.roborowskii Kom.. Based on the optimal economic aspects of nutritional contents and development, the preferential consideration order of exploitation of the four plants was N.tangutorum Bobr., N. sibirica Pall., N. roborouskiikom, and N. sphaerocarpa Maxim.
3. The contents of comprehensive nutritional components in N.sibirica Pall. were the highest among the three fruits. The fruit of N. roborowskii Kom. ranked secondly. The fruit of N.tangutorum Bobr. was the lowest. The fruit of N.sibirica Pall. is rich in all kinds of nutritional components. It has complete types of amino acid and the necessary amino acid content riches 26.620%. It is used as the protein source in good quality. Vitamin C content in the fruit riches 46.0 mg/100g. The content of trace elements iron, calcium, and zinc is also abundant. Therefore, the fruit of N.sibirica Pall. is first choice in order to make use of food processing such as exploitation of wild fruit drinks and raw juice fruit paste.
引文
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2内蒙古植物志编辑委员会.内蒙古植物志[M](第二版)第三卷.呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1987,414-418
3潘晓云,魏小平,尉秋实等.多倍化——白刺属的系统分类、进化特征及应用前景[J].植物学通报,2003,20(5):632-638
4李昌龙,李茂哉,汪杰.干旱荒漠地区白刺采穗圃的建造技术初报[J].甘肃林业科技,2004,29(2):14-17
5刘建泉.甘肃民勤西沙窝唐古特白刺群落的生态特性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2002,11(3):36-40
6杜建会,严平,俄有浩.甘肃民勤不同演化阶段白刺灌丛沙堆分布格局及特征[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(8):1165-1170
7刘生龙,高志海,催建国.唐古特白刺种源试验[J].西北植物学报,1997,17(6):115-118
8常艳旭,苏格尔,王迎春.白刺属野生植物的开发利用价值[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2005(14):21-23
9刘建泉.甘肃民勤西沙窝唐古特白刺群落的生态特性[J].植物资源与环境学报,2002,11(3):15-17
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