温室不同温度管理对黄瓜生长、产量及理化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus.L)为材料,分为温室春秋两茬栽培,通过开启
    后坡、后墙、前侧通风口大小、多层覆盖、临时加温等手段,设置 A、B、C 三个温度
    环境,春茬选用品种为津春 3 号,秋茬为津优 1 号,通过研究不同温度管理方式对日光
    温室内气象因子(气温、地温和空气相对湿度)及黄瓜的生长、产量、相关理化指标、果
    实商品性、品质的影响,初步探明日光温室内不同温度管理对黄瓜生长及产量形成的影
    响,为我省日光温室黄瓜栽培环境控制提供合理的温度参数。试验得出如下结论:
    1.不同温度管理对日光温室内其它环境因子产生一定的影响,较低温度环境使地
    温降低,相对湿度下降;较高温度环境使地温升高,相对湿度也升高。
    2.不同温度管理对黄瓜生长指标和产量产生一定的影响,春茬黄瓜的株高、叶片
    数、产量与积温、最低温度呈正相关,相关系数达到显著或极显著水平,得到的回归方
    程为:
    Y=0.4869**X1+0.1859X2-33.3120*(Y:株高增量,X1:积温,X2:最低温度)
    Y=0.0065**X1+0.2199X2-1.9801*(Y:叶片数增量,X1:积温,X2:最低温度)
    Y=2.3961**X1+3.1022*X2-35. 1801*(Y:产量,X1:积温,X2:最低温度)
    秋茬黄瓜株高、叶片数与积温呈显著正相关,产量与积温、最低温度、地温的相关
    系数均达到显著水平,得到的回归方程为:
    Y=0.4947**X1-22.0112**(Y:株高增量,X1:积温)
    Y=0.0389**X1-3.0200**(Y:叶片数增量,X1:积温)
    Y=1.1086*X1+36.8852*X2+24.1504X3-497.3929*(Y:产量,X1:积温,X2:最低温
    度,X3:地温)
    3.不同温度管理对黄瓜叶片中相关理化指标产生一定的影响,春茬试验结果表明,
    较低温度环境使光合色素含量、硝酸还原酶活性、蔗糖含量、可溶性糖含量、转化酶活
    性、IAA 含量降低;使可溶性蛋白含量升高;使 POD 活性、CAT 活性、GA3含量、ABA 含
    量先升高后降低;秋茬试验结果认为,除可溶性糖、蔗糖、POD、CAT 及三种激素的变化
    规律不明显,其它理化指标基本与春茬趋势一致,只是秋茬各处理间的差异较小。
    4.不同温度管理对黄瓜发病情况的影响不大,无论是春茬黄瓜还是秋茬黄瓜处理间
    差别均不显著。
    5.不同温度管理对黄瓜的商品性的影响不同,较低温度环境降低黄瓜的商品性,
    使弯曲瓜增多,但对黄瓜的营养品质影响不大。
The experiment use cucumber as materials, There were two stubble cultivation including
    spring stubble and autumn stubble. Three temperature environment (A、B and C)were setted up
    by opening back slope ,back wall and front ventilation mouth or cover of many layers or
    temporary hightened temperature. Jinchun 3 was used in spring stubble and Jinyou 1 was used in
    autumn stubble. The experiment initially ascertained that different temperature conditions in
    greenhouse influence on growth and yield of cucumber by studying different temperature
    treatments effect on atmosphere factors (air temperature, ground temperature and relative
    humidity), growth, correlated physio-biochemical index and yield of cucumber, which could
    provide reasonable temperature parameters for greenhouse cucumber cultivation in our province.
    The results were as follows:
    1. Different temperature managements had certain influence over environment factors, the lower
    temperature treatments reduced ground temperature and relative humidity, The higher
    temperature treatments heighten ground temperature and relative humidity.
    2. Temperature had certain influence over growth index and yield of cucumber, plant heights、leaf
    amount and yield of spring stubble cucumber had positive correlation with accumulated
    temperature and minimum temperature, and correlated modulus achieved remarkable or very
    remarkable level. The regress equations were as follows:
     Y=0.4869**X1+0.1859X2-33.3120*(Y:plant height increment, X1:accumulated
     temperature,X2:minimum temperature)
     Y=0.0065**X1+0.2199X2-1.9801*(Y:leaf amount increment, X1:accumulated
     temperature,X2:minimum temperature)
     Y=2.3961**X1+3.1022*X2-35. 1801*(Y:yield,X1:accumulated temperature,X2
     minimum temperature)
     Plant height and leaf amount of autumn stubble cucumber had very remarkable positive
    correlation with accumulated temperature, the correlated modulus of yield and accumulated
    temperature, minimum temperature, ground temperature achieved very remarkable level. The
    regress equations were as follows:
     Y=0.4947**X1-22.0112**(Y:plant height increment, X1:accumulated temperature)
     Ⅵ
    
    
    Abstract
     Y=0.0389**X1-3.0200**(Y:leaf amount increment ,X1:accumulated temperature)
     Y=1.1086*X1+36.8852*X2+24.1504X3-497.3929*(Y:yield,X1:accumulated temperature,
     X2:minimum temperature,X3:ground temperature)
    3. Temperature had certain influence over physio-biochemical index in cucumber leaves. The
    experiment results in spring stubble indicated that the lower temperature reduced photosynthesis
    content,nitric acid reduce enzyme activation ,cane sugar content ,soluble sugar content,transform
    enzyme activation ,IAA content , and increased the soluble protein content . POD activation,CAT
    activation,GA3 content and ABA content first increased and then reduced. The experiment results
    in autumn stubble thought that changed regulars of soluble sugar content, cane sugar, POD, CAT,
    three kinds of endogenous hormones content were not obvious, the other phsio-biochemical
    indexes were essential consistent with the trend of spring stubble. Difference among all
    treatments in autumn stubble was not obvious.
    4. temperature managements had less influence over disease occurrence on cucumber. Difference
    among treatments on autumn and spring stubble cucumber was not remarkable.
    5. temperature managements had different influence over cucumber commodity, the lower
    temperature treatments reduced cucumber commodity, and increased the amount of bent
    cucumbers, but had less influence over nutrition quality.
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