四种灌木树种的耐荫性研究
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摘要
植物耐荫性是指植物在弱光照条件下的生活能力。植物为适应变化了的光量子密度而产生了一系列的变化,从而保持自身系统的平衡状态,并能进行正常的生命活动。耐荫植物的筛选和应用是合理建立复层种植结构、提高单位面积绿地绿化生态效益的关键措施,在模拟自然、进行城市森林建设中具有十分重要的意义,日益受到人们的普遍关注。
本研究选择常见的四种灌木树种:大花溲疏、荆条、蚂蚱腿子和小桐子作为研究对象,首先对这几种灌木树种进行了不同程度的遮荫处理,用黑色遮阳网遮荫,分别置于全光照的4.8%、14.9%、46.0%以及100%四种光照条件下生长60d以上,之后进行生理学特征以及植物的光合特性等指标的测定。
经过本实验,作者比较研究了遮荫对这几种灌木树种一些生理变化的影响,并对这四种灌木树种的耐荫性强弱进行了综合排序。经过研究发现,遮荫对这四种树种的生理学特征以及植物的光合特性等指标都有不同程度的影响:遮荫使植物叶片气孔密度变小、比叶重变小、叶片呼吸速率升高、叶绿素a/b的值降低、单位叶面积鲜重降低、叶片光补偿点下降、表观量子效率升高、最大净光合速率下降,适度的遮荫能增加植物叶片的相对含水量,而过度的遮荫使其相对含水量降低。对于树种种间的耐荫性综合排序结果为:蚂蚱腿子的耐荫性最强,大花溲疏次之,再次是小桐子,而荆条的耐荫性最弱。
Shade tolerance of plant refers to the ability of plants to develop and grow in relatively low light conditions. To adapt to different photon flux density, plants can change their metabolic systems to maintain growth balance. The correct selection and application of shade-tolerance plants is of significance to establish comprehensive plantation structure and increase unit efficiency of green environment, which is critical step to civic forest planning.
This study analyzed and measured different physical and photosynthetic index of four different shrub species: Deutzia grandiflora, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla, Myripnois dioica and Jatropha curcas under four different light conditions for more than 60 days: 4.8%、 14.9%、 46.0% and 100%, by employing black velaria.
By comprehensively analyzing the shade tolerance on these four shrubs, our study suggested that shade has different effects on these four shrubs in terms of physical and photosynthetic index. Under the shade, the density of stomata for leaves decreases, the relative specific leaf weight decreases, the respiratory rate of leaves increase, the ratio of content of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b decreases, the compensation points of leaves decrease slightly, the apparent quantum efficiencies increase and the biggest true photosynthetic rates decrease. Moderate shade increases the relative water content of leaves, but excessive shade decreases the relative water content of leaves. The order of shade tolerance from strong to weak is Myripnois dioica>Deutzia grandiflora>Jatropha curcas>Vitex negundo var. heterophylla.
本研究选择常见的四种灌木树种:大花溲疏、荆条、蚂蚱腿子和小桐子作为研究对象,首先对这几种灌木树种进行了不同程度的遮荫处理,用黑色遮阳网遮荫,分别置于全光照的4.8%、14.9%、46.0%以及100%四种光照条件下生长60d以上,之后进行生理学特征以及植物的光合特性等指标的测定。
经过本实验,作者比较研究了遮荫对这几种灌木树种一些生理变化的影响,并对这四种灌木树种的耐荫性强弱进行了综合排序。经过研究发现,遮荫对这四种树种的生理学特征以及植物的光合特性等指标都有不同程度的影响:遮荫使植物叶片气孔密度变小、比叶重变小、叶片呼吸速率升高、叶绿素a/b的值降低、单位叶面积鲜重降低、叶片光补偿点下降、表观量子效率升高、最大净光合速率下降,适度的遮荫能增加植物叶片的相对含水量,而过度的遮荫使其相对含水量降低。对于树种种间的耐荫性综合排序结果为:蚂蚱腿子的耐荫性最强,大花溲疏次之,再次是小桐子,而荆条的耐荫性最弱。
Shade tolerance of plant refers to the ability of plants to develop and grow in relatively low light conditions. To adapt to different photon flux density, plants can change their metabolic systems to maintain growth balance. The correct selection and application of shade-tolerance plants is of significance to establish comprehensive plantation structure and increase unit efficiency of green environment, which is critical step to civic forest planning.
This study analyzed and measured different physical and photosynthetic index of four different shrub species: Deutzia grandiflora, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla, Myripnois dioica and Jatropha curcas under four different light conditions for more than 60 days: 4.8%、 14.9%、 46.0% and 100%, by employing black velaria.
By comprehensively analyzing the shade tolerance on these four shrubs, our study suggested that shade has different effects on these four shrubs in terms of physical and photosynthetic index. Under the shade, the density of stomata for leaves decreases, the relative specific leaf weight decreases, the respiratory rate of leaves increase, the ratio of content of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b decreases, the compensation points of leaves decrease slightly, the apparent quantum efficiencies increase and the biggest true photosynthetic rates decrease. Moderate shade increases the relative water content of leaves, but excessive shade decreases the relative water content of leaves. The order of shade tolerance from strong to weak is Myripnois dioica>Deutzia grandiflora>Jatropha curcas>Vitex negundo var. heterophylla.
引文
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8． 冯志立 冯玉龙 曹坤芳．光强对砂仁叶片光合作用光抑制及热耗散的影响[J]．植物生态学报，2002，26(1)：77～82
9． 贺士元 邢其华 尹祖堂．北京植物志[M]，北京出版社，1992，1～1510
10． 李得孝 郭月霞 员海燕．玉米叶绿素含量测定方法研究[J]．中国农学通报，2005，21(6)：153～155
11． 刘明智 努尔巴衣·阿布都沙力克潘晓玲．指甲油涂抹撕取法制取植物叶气孔装片[J]．生物学通报，2005，40(10)：44
12． 陆明珍．高架路下立柱垂直绿化植物的选择[J]．植物资源与环境，1997，6(2)：63～64
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14． 邱国雄 李德耀．光合单位与叶片光合的理论速率[J]．植物生理学通讯，1988，(4)：1～5
15． 宋来庆 尹克林 赵玲玲．利用计算机快速测定葡萄叶面积的方法研究[J]．中外葡萄与葡萄酒，2005，(1)：4～6
16． 苏雪痕．园林植物耐荫性及其配置[J]．北京林业大学学报，1981，(6)：63～71
17． 唐秋子．阴生观叶植物的室内试验初探[J]．中国科学院华南植物研究所集刊，1986，(3)：56～60
18．王雁 苏雪痕 彭镇华．植物耐荫性研究进展[J]．林业科学研究，2002，15(3)：349～353
19． 吴德邻 胡良明 陈忠毅，广东植物志(第五卷)[M]，广东科技出版社，2003，25～141
20． 伍世平 王君健 于志熙．11种地被植物的耐荫性研究[J]．武汉植物研究，1994，12(4)：360～364
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25． 张庆费 夏檑 钱又宇．城市绿化植物耐荫性的诊断指标体系及其应用[J]．中国园林， 2000，(6)：93～95
26． 周佩珍 叶钰坤 汤佩松．叶绿素中不同a／b比例对还原2，6-二氯酚靛能力的影响[J]．植物生理学报，1964，1(2)：154～158
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2． 白伟岚 任建武 苏雪痕．八种植物耐阴性比较研究[J]．北京林业大学学报．1999，21(3)：46～52
3． 采利尼克尔．木本植物耐阴性的生理学原理[M]．王世绩译．北京：科学出版社，1986，1～242
4． 陈绍云 周国宁．光照强度对山茶花形态、解剖特征及生长发育的影响[J]．浙江农业科学，1992，(3)：144～146
5． 陈有民．园林树小学[M]．北京：中国林业出版社，1990，69～70
6． 陈白新 周国梁．北京市区园林树小生态适应性的调查研究[J]．园林科研，1989，(2)：5～25
7． 陈白新．城市园林植物生态学研究动向及发展趋势[J]．中国园林，1991，7(2)：42～48
8． 冯志立 冯玉龙 曹坤芳．光强对砂仁叶片光合作用光抑制及热耗散的影响[J]．植物生态学报，2002，26(1)：77～82
9． 贺士元 邢其华 尹祖堂．北京植物志[M]，北京出版社，1992，1～1510
10． 李得孝 郭月霞 员海燕．玉米叶绿素含量测定方法研究[J]．中国农学通报，2005，21(6)：153～155
11． 刘明智 努尔巴衣·阿布都沙力克潘晓玲．指甲油涂抹撕取法制取植物叶气孔装片[J]．生物学通报，2005，40(10)：44
12． 陆明珍．高架路下立柱垂直绿化植物的选择[J]．植物资源与环境，1997，6(2)：63～64
13． 裴保华 彭伟秀 张东林．富贵草耐阴性的研究[J]．河北林学院学报，1994，19(3)：205～209
14． 邱国雄 李德耀．光合单位与叶片光合的理论速率[J]．植物生理学通讯，1988，(4)：1～5
15． 宋来庆 尹克林 赵玲玲．利用计算机快速测定葡萄叶面积的方法研究[J]．中外葡萄与葡萄酒，2005，(1)：4～6
16． 苏雪痕．园林植物耐荫性及其配置[J]．北京林业大学学报，1981，(6)：63～71
17． 唐秋子．阴生观叶植物的室内试验初探[J]．中国科学院华南植物研究所集刊，1986，(3)：56～60
18．王雁 苏雪痕 彭镇华．植物耐荫性研究进展[J]．林业科学研究，2002，15(3)：349～353
19． 吴德邻 胡良明 陈忠毅，广东植物志(第五卷)[M]，广东科技出版社，2003，25～141
20． 伍世平 王君健 于志熙．11种地被植物的耐荫性研究[J]．武汉植物研究，1994，12(4)：360～364
21． 徐大陆．植物造景与城市生态系统[J]．中国园林，1991，7(2)：35～39
22． 许大全．光合作用效率[J]，植物生理学通讯，1988，(5)：1～7
23． 余叔文．植物生理与分子生物学[M]，北京：科学出版社，1992，1～516
24． 张德顺 李秀芬．24个园林树种耐荫性分析[J]．山东林业科技，1997，(3)：27～31
25． 张庆费 夏檑 钱又宇．城市绿化植物耐荫性的诊断指标体系及其应用[J]．中国园林， 2000，(6)：93～95
26． 周佩珍 叶钰坤 汤佩松．叶绿素中不同a／b比例对还原2，6-二氯酚靛能力的影响[J]．植物生理学报，1964，1(2)：154～158
27. Abram M D, Kubiske M E. Leaf structural characteristics of 31 hardwood and conifer tree species in Central Wisconsin:Influence of light regime and shade tolerance rank [J]. For Ecol Manage, 1990, 31: 145～153
28. Abram M D. Leaf structural and photosynthetic pigments characteristics of tree gallery forest hardwood species in Northeast Kansas [J]. For Ecol Manage, 1987, 22:261～266
29. Anderson Y O. Seasonal development in sun and shade leaves [J]. Ecology, 1955, 36: 430-438
30. Bencke Y. Environmental control of CO_2 assimilation and leaf conductance in Larix decidua Mill. I. A comparison of contrasting natural environments [J]. Oecologia, 1981, 50: 54-61
31. Bjorkman O. Comparative studies on photosynthesis in higher plants [A]. In:Giese A C. Photophysiology [M]. New York:Academic Press, 1973, VIII: 1-63
32. Bjorkman O, Holmgren P. Adaptability of the photosynthetic apparatus to light intensity in ecotypes from exposed and shaded habitat [M]. Physiol Plantarum. 1963, V. 16. Fasc. 4:889-914
33. Bjorkman O. Response to different quantumflux densities [A]. In:Lange O L, Nobel P S, Osman C B, et al. Physiological plant ecology I of Encyclopedia of plant physiology[M]. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 1981, 12A: 57-101
34. Boardman N K. Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants [J]. Ann Rew Plant Physiol, 1977, 28: 355-377
35. Bone A, Lee D W, Norman J M. Epidermis cell functioning as lenses in leaves of tropic rain-forest shade plants [J]. App. Opt, 1985,24: 1408-1412
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