大豆田昆虫群落结构及天敌对蚜虫的调控功能
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摘要
通过调查哈尔滨地区大豆田所有活动的昆虫种类及动态，明确相应的大豆田害虫及天敌昆虫种类和动态，揭示大豆田生态系统的害虫及其天敌昆虫的群落组成，及两者间相互制约关系，可以为利用相应天敌昆虫开展生物防治奠定理论基础，对于绿色农业生产中虫害的防治工作具有一定的指导意义。
本试验运用随机取点调查法，在大豆田间系统调查了大豆植株活动的昆虫种类及动态，并结合直接观察法鉴定昆虫种类。地面栖居的昆虫运用陷阱法，采用对角线五点式取样法进行调查。
本试验的主要研究结果如下：
1大豆田的昆虫种类在2005年至2006年的田间调查中发现，大豆田活动的昆虫共10个目、37科、63种。其中属于大豆田害虫的共个7目、20科、36种；属于天敌昆虫的共6个目、12科、20种；属于中性昆虫的共6个目、7科、7种。
2群落特征指数通过分析2005年和2006年调查地的昆虫群落结构数据，结果表明：2005年大豆田的昆虫群落的多样性指数高、均匀性较好、优势集中性指数较小，昆虫群落结构较稳定。相反，2006年大豆田的昆虫群落的多样性指数低、均匀性不好、优势集中性指数大，大豆田的昆虫群落结构不稳定。
3大豆田优势昆虫调查发现，大豆田不同时间的优势昆虫不同。优势昆虫有：黑蚂蚁、青地甲、黄胫步行甲、大豆蚜、茄无网长管蚜、豆蓟马、二条叶甲、大造桥虫、龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫、叶色草蛉、小花蝽。其中主要优势害虫是大豆蚜、茄无网长管蚜；主要优势天敌昆虫是龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫、叶色草蛉、小花蝽。
4大豆田昆虫的种群动态通过对2005年和2006年的数据进行分析，明确了大豆田各昆虫的种群动态，及各昆虫的发生与消长规律，以及各昆虫在田间大豆植株上的空间分布情况。
5优势天敌对蚜虫的调控功能分析结果，表明优势天敌昆虫对蚜虫具有一定的控制作用。各优势天敌昆虫起到得调控功能的时间不同。优势天敌昆虫的数量随着蚜虫种群数量的变化而变化，并在蚜虫种群数量的峰值前后，也出现相应的峰值。这些结果表明优势天敌昆虫在防治害虫方面有一定的实际应用价值。
In this article, we investigated the types and dynamics of all the lively insects in soybean fieldin Harbin region, in order to explicate the types and dynamics of the pests and natural enemyinsects in corresponding soybean field, promulgate the compositions and mutual restrictionrelations of pests and its natural enemies communities in soybean field ecosystem. The work wehad done may lay the rationale for using corresponding natural enemies to develop biologypreventing and controlling, and may have the certain instruction significance to the pest preventingand controlling work in the green agricultural production.
We took the spot stochastically in the investigation of the experiment, inspected the volitantinsect types and dynamics of the soybean plants in soybean field, and to appraise the insect typescombining with direct observation method. We used the trap method to the ground roostsoccupying insects, adopted the opposite angle line five spots method to investigate.
The main studying results of the test were as follows:
1. Kinds of the insects in soybean field
In the field investigation of 2005 to 2006, we found that the sum of the volitant insects cameto 10 order, 37 family and 63 species. Among them, the sum of pest was 7 order, 20 family and 36species, the sum of natural enemies was 6 order, 12 family and 20 species and the natural enemieswere 6 order, 7 family and 7 species.
2. The community characteristic index
We analyzed the data of the community structure of the insects in the investigated field; wefound from it that, in 2005, the diversity index of the insect community in soybean field was high,the equiability was better and the advantage centrality index was less. That manifested that thecommunity structure of the insects in soybean field in 2005 was more stable, on the contrary, in2006, the diversity index of the insect community in soybean field was low, the equiability was notgood and the advantage centrality index was higher. That manifested that the community structureof the insects in soybean field in 2006 was not stable.
3. The advantage insects in soybean field
We found the advantage insects vary from time to time in soybean field. The advantage insectswere: Lasius niger、Chlaenius praefectus、Craspedonotus tibiali、Aphis glycines、Aulacorthumsolani、Megalurothrips usitatus、Medythia nigrobilineata、Ascotis selenaria、Propylaea japonicaThunberg、Leis axyridis、Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesmael、Triphleps minutus.Among them themain advantage pests were Aphis glycines、Aulacorthum solani; the main advantage natural Thunberg、Leis axyridis、Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesmael、Triphleps minutus.Among them themain advantage pests were Aphis glycines, Aulacorthum solani; the main advantage naturalenemies were Propylaea japonica Thunberg、Leis axyridis、Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesmael、Triphleps minutus.
4. The dynamics of species group in soybean field
We analyzed the data of 2005 and 2006, and got the population dynamics of every insect insoybean field. We may see the occurring, growth and decline rule of every insect, and the spacedistribution condition of every insect in soybean plants.
5. The regulation and control facility of advantage natural enemies to aphis
We analyzed the data and found advantage natural enemies had certain controlling function toaphis. The controlling function time of every advantage nature enemies was different. Thequantities of advantage natural enemies varied from the quantities of aphis, and the peak value ofthe quantity of advantage natural enemies aphid population quantity also appeared front and backthe peak value of aphis population quantity. That explained that the advantage natural enemies hadcertain reality applied value in the field of the pest preventing and controlling.
本试验运用随机取点调查法，在大豆田间系统调查了大豆植株活动的昆虫种类及动态，并结合直接观察法鉴定昆虫种类。地面栖居的昆虫运用陷阱法，采用对角线五点式取样法进行调查。
本试验的主要研究结果如下：
1大豆田的昆虫种类在2005年至2006年的田间调查中发现，大豆田活动的昆虫共10个目、37科、63种。其中属于大豆田害虫的共个7目、20科、36种；属于天敌昆虫的共6个目、12科、20种；属于中性昆虫的共6个目、7科、7种。
2群落特征指数通过分析2005年和2006年调查地的昆虫群落结构数据，结果表明：2005年大豆田的昆虫群落的多样性指数高、均匀性较好、优势集中性指数较小，昆虫群落结构较稳定。相反，2006年大豆田的昆虫群落的多样性指数低、均匀性不好、优势集中性指数大，大豆田的昆虫群落结构不稳定。
3大豆田优势昆虫调查发现，大豆田不同时间的优势昆虫不同。优势昆虫有：黑蚂蚁、青地甲、黄胫步行甲、大豆蚜、茄无网长管蚜、豆蓟马、二条叶甲、大造桥虫、龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫、叶色草蛉、小花蝽。其中主要优势害虫是大豆蚜、茄无网长管蚜；主要优势天敌昆虫是龟纹瓢虫、异色瓢虫、叶色草蛉、小花蝽。
4大豆田昆虫的种群动态通过对2005年和2006年的数据进行分析，明确了大豆田各昆虫的种群动态，及各昆虫的发生与消长规律，以及各昆虫在田间大豆植株上的空间分布情况。
5优势天敌对蚜虫的调控功能分析结果，表明优势天敌昆虫对蚜虫具有一定的控制作用。各优势天敌昆虫起到得调控功能的时间不同。优势天敌昆虫的数量随着蚜虫种群数量的变化而变化，并在蚜虫种群数量的峰值前后，也出现相应的峰值。这些结果表明优势天敌昆虫在防治害虫方面有一定的实际应用价值。
In this article, we investigated the types and dynamics of all the lively insects in soybean fieldin Harbin region, in order to explicate the types and dynamics of the pests and natural enemyinsects in corresponding soybean field, promulgate the compositions and mutual restrictionrelations of pests and its natural enemies communities in soybean field ecosystem. The work wehad done may lay the rationale for using corresponding natural enemies to develop biologypreventing and controlling, and may have the certain instruction significance to the pest preventingand controlling work in the green agricultural production.
We took the spot stochastically in the investigation of the experiment, inspected the volitantinsect types and dynamics of the soybean plants in soybean field, and to appraise the insect typescombining with direct observation method. We used the trap method to the ground roostsoccupying insects, adopted the opposite angle line five spots method to investigate.
The main studying results of the test were as follows:
1. Kinds of the insects in soybean field
In the field investigation of 2005 to 2006, we found that the sum of the volitant insects cameto 10 order, 37 family and 63 species. Among them, the sum of pest was 7 order, 20 family and 36species, the sum of natural enemies was 6 order, 12 family and 20 species and the natural enemieswere 6 order, 7 family and 7 species.
2. The community characteristic index
We analyzed the data of the community structure of the insects in the investigated field; wefound from it that, in 2005, the diversity index of the insect community in soybean field was high,the equiability was better and the advantage centrality index was less. That manifested that thecommunity structure of the insects in soybean field in 2005 was more stable, on the contrary, in2006, the diversity index of the insect community in soybean field was low, the equiability was notgood and the advantage centrality index was higher. That manifested that the community structureof the insects in soybean field in 2006 was not stable.
3. The advantage insects in soybean field
We found the advantage insects vary from time to time in soybean field. The advantage insectswere: Lasius niger、Chlaenius praefectus、Craspedonotus tibiali、Aphis glycines、Aulacorthumsolani、Megalurothrips usitatus、Medythia nigrobilineata、Ascotis selenaria、Propylaea japonicaThunberg、Leis axyridis、Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesmael、Triphleps minutus.Among them themain advantage pests were Aphis glycines、Aulacorthum solani; the main advantage natural Thunberg、Leis axyridis、Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesmael、Triphleps minutus.Among them themain advantage pests were Aphis glycines, Aulacorthum solani; the main advantage naturalenemies were Propylaea japonica Thunberg、Leis axyridis、Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesmael、Triphleps minutus.
4. The dynamics of species group in soybean field
We analyzed the data of 2005 and 2006, and got the population dynamics of every insect insoybean field. We may see the occurring, growth and decline rule of every insect, and the spacedistribution condition of every insect in soybean plants.
5. The regulation and control facility of advantage natural enemies to aphis
We analyzed the data and found advantage natural enemies had certain controlling function toaphis. The controlling function time of every advantage nature enemies was different. Thequantities of advantage natural enemies varied from the quantities of aphis, and the peak value ofthe quantity of advantage natural enemies aphid population quantity also appeared front and backthe peak value of aphis population quantity. That explained that the advantage natural enemies hadcertain reality applied value in the field of the pest preventing and controlling.
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