基于有限元模型修正的大跨度悬索桥随机车流车—桥耦合振动分析
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摘要
车-桥耦合振动是车辆体系与桥梁结构体系相互作用的结果,以往对桥梁结构动力响应的研究多局限于既定车流,且研究的车辆模型多为两轴和三轴车型,但实际行驶于桥面的车流具有很强的随机性,车型多为两轴、三轴、四轴、五轴及六轴不等;加之桥梁结构的计算模型与实际结构之间存在一定的差异,这进一步影响了计算结果的精度,因而对应的研究成果,在其推广应用上还具有一定的局限性。因此,本文从对公路实桥随机车流的研究入手,结合桥梁结构有限元计算模型的修正技术,研究了随机车流作用下大跨度悬索桥的车-桥耦合振动响应,具体内容表现为以下几方面:
(1)研究了随机车流随机特性的分布规律,编制了车速、车距、车型及车重随机的车流的模拟程序,提出了组合预测法,并以该方法对公路桥梁的车辆流量进行实时预测,取得了较好的预测效果;通过对公路实桥车辆流量的统计分析,得到了常见车流的一般统计参数,建立了随机车流参数数据库,生成了不同类型的随机车流模型。
(2)提出了基于敏感参数分析的子结构有限元模型的修正方法,并以四渡河特大悬索桥为研究对象,实现了对该桥有限元计算模型的成功修正,为后续进行的桥梁结构车-桥耦合振动分析等奠定了坚实的基础。
(3)建立了21自由度的四轴车型、25自由度的五轴车型及29自由度六轴车型的模型,在现有的13自由度的双轴车型及17自由度的三轴车型的基础上,完善了随机车流典型车辆的计算模型体系,提高了随机车流中车辆模型的计算精度。基于VB语言,编制了随机车流车-桥耦合振动分析程序,实现了该程序与随机车流模拟生成程序及大型有限元计算程序Ansys之间的接口;通过以单质量弹簧体系过梁模型及某大跨度连续刚构的动力荷载试验,对该程序的有效性进行了验证。
(4)系统地研究了16类常见车辆的车型、悬挂刚度、悬挂阻尼及行车状态对桥梁结构动力响应产生的影响;揭示了大跨度悬索桥主缆、吊索、中央扣、加劲梁及主塔等结构参数的变化对车-桥耦合振动的影响及规律,研究的结论表明桥梁结构在车-桥耦合振动的作用下,其对应的冲击系数并不单一的随着结构刚度的增大而增大或减少,不同结构部位对应的冲击系数不尽相同,相同结构部位的内力及位移冲击系数也存在较大的差异;此外,还基于极值外推法的基本原理,给出了极值外推法的基本流程,推出了不同桥面平整度状态下的随机车流对桥梁结构产生的最大动力响应及冲击系数。
本文研究的结论可为日后车-桥耦合振动的研究打下坚实的基础,能为同类桥型的建养提供有益的借鉴。
The vehicle-bridge coupled vibration is the interaction result of the vehicle system and the bridge structure system. The former research limits much in the decideing traffic flowing, and the studying vehicle model mainly is the two axes and the three axle vehicle. But the actual traffic flowing have very strong randomness in the bridge surface, such as the two axes, the three axes, four axes, five axes and six axes and so on. In addition there is some certain difference between the bridge structure finite element model and the actual structure, further reduces the computed result precision, thus the former research results have some limitation in promoted application. Therefore this article based on the studying of the random traffic flowing for some highway bridge, with the aid of the model revision method, some long span suspension bridge is taken as the studying case, some research are carried on the the influence of the vehicle-bridge coupled vibration, which manifests in the following aspects.
(1) Some studying was carried on the random distribution rules of speed, distance between vehicles, types and weight. The simulation procedure of stochastic vehicles stream is programmed with the Matlab procedure. A contrast research is carried among different forecast methods for vehicle current capacity. And the combination forecast is determined as the optimum prediction method. It is perfectly used to forecast the real-time highway bridge vehicles current capacity. Through a statistical analysis to the highway bridge vehicles current capacity, a general statistical parameter of common vehicles flowing is obtained and a corresponding stochastic parameter database is established for the fist time. Several of stochastic vehicles stream model are produced incidentally.
(2) For the fist time, an updating method for sub-structure finite element model is proposed based on the sensitive parameter analysis. With the proposed method, the revision for a finite element computation model of Siduhe long span suspension bridge is carried successfully, which lays a realible foundation for the following vehicle-bridge coupled vibration research.
(3) With the twenty one, the twenty five and the twenty nine freedom degrees system simulated the four, five and six axis vehicles model separately for the fisrt time. Based on the existing 13 degree of freedom two axis vehicles and the 17 degree of freedom three axis vehicles, has consummated the computation model system of the traffic random flowing for typical vehicles and enhanced the computation precision of the vehicle model. Based on VB language, vehicle-bridge coupled vibration procedure BDANS is established, which can be used to analysis the random traffic flowing, and the interface is realized among BDANS and the random traffic flows simulation procedure, as well as the large-scale finite element computational procedure ANSYS. Finally this procedure is validated through the analysis of the simple substance quantity spring system beam-model and some great span continual rigid frame dynamic load experiment.
(4) Based on the BDANS and the ATVFM procedure, some long span suspension bridge is taken as the studying case. A systematic research is firstly carried on the effect of the sixteen common vehicle types, vehicles rigidity, damping and driving condition for dynamic response and impact of the bridge structure. At the same time, the influence and rules of the vehicle-bridge coupled vibration is further studied with the changing of bridge structure parameters, such as the stiffness of main cable, suspension cable, centre buckle, stiff grider and main tower. The research conclusions discovered the impact factor are not sole to increase along with the structure rigidity increases or reduces. The different structure spot correspondence impact factor also has the big difference, the same structure spot endogen impact factor of the force and the displacement also have some difference. Forthmore according to the basic principle of the extreme value extrapolated method, the basic step is delivered, and the biggest dynamic response and the impact coefficients, which produced from the stochastic vehicles stream to the bridge structure under different surface roughness condition, are obtained.
The conclusion in this paper might build a reliable foundation for the flowing research of vehicle-bridge coupled vabriation and provide a beneficial reference for the construction and maintenance of the similar bridge in the future.
(1)研究了随机车流随机特性的分布规律,编制了车速、车距、车型及车重随机的车流的模拟程序,提出了组合预测法,并以该方法对公路桥梁的车辆流量进行实时预测,取得了较好的预测效果;通过对公路实桥车辆流量的统计分析,得到了常见车流的一般统计参数,建立了随机车流参数数据库,生成了不同类型的随机车流模型。
(2)提出了基于敏感参数分析的子结构有限元模型的修正方法,并以四渡河特大悬索桥为研究对象,实现了对该桥有限元计算模型的成功修正,为后续进行的桥梁结构车-桥耦合振动分析等奠定了坚实的基础。
(3)建立了21自由度的四轴车型、25自由度的五轴车型及29自由度六轴车型的模型,在现有的13自由度的双轴车型及17自由度的三轴车型的基础上,完善了随机车流典型车辆的计算模型体系,提高了随机车流中车辆模型的计算精度。基于VB语言,编制了随机车流车-桥耦合振动分析程序,实现了该程序与随机车流模拟生成程序及大型有限元计算程序Ansys之间的接口;通过以单质量弹簧体系过梁模型及某大跨度连续刚构的动力荷载试验,对该程序的有效性进行了验证。
(4)系统地研究了16类常见车辆的车型、悬挂刚度、悬挂阻尼及行车状态对桥梁结构动力响应产生的影响;揭示了大跨度悬索桥主缆、吊索、中央扣、加劲梁及主塔等结构参数的变化对车-桥耦合振动的影响及规律,研究的结论表明桥梁结构在车-桥耦合振动的作用下,其对应的冲击系数并不单一的随着结构刚度的增大而增大或减少,不同结构部位对应的冲击系数不尽相同,相同结构部位的内力及位移冲击系数也存在较大的差异;此外,还基于极值外推法的基本原理,给出了极值外推法的基本流程,推出了不同桥面平整度状态下的随机车流对桥梁结构产生的最大动力响应及冲击系数。
本文研究的结论可为日后车-桥耦合振动的研究打下坚实的基础,能为同类桥型的建养提供有益的借鉴。
The vehicle-bridge coupled vibration is the interaction result of the vehicle system and the bridge structure system. The former research limits much in the decideing traffic flowing, and the studying vehicle model mainly is the two axes and the three axle vehicle. But the actual traffic flowing have very strong randomness in the bridge surface, such as the two axes, the three axes, four axes, five axes and six axes and so on. In addition there is some certain difference between the bridge structure finite element model and the actual structure, further reduces the computed result precision, thus the former research results have some limitation in promoted application. Therefore this article based on the studying of the random traffic flowing for some highway bridge, with the aid of the model revision method, some long span suspension bridge is taken as the studying case, some research are carried on the the influence of the vehicle-bridge coupled vibration, which manifests in the following aspects.
(1) Some studying was carried on the random distribution rules of speed, distance between vehicles, types and weight. The simulation procedure of stochastic vehicles stream is programmed with the Matlab procedure. A contrast research is carried among different forecast methods for vehicle current capacity. And the combination forecast is determined as the optimum prediction method. It is perfectly used to forecast the real-time highway bridge vehicles current capacity. Through a statistical analysis to the highway bridge vehicles current capacity, a general statistical parameter of common vehicles flowing is obtained and a corresponding stochastic parameter database is established for the fist time. Several of stochastic vehicles stream model are produced incidentally.
(2) For the fist time, an updating method for sub-structure finite element model is proposed based on the sensitive parameter analysis. With the proposed method, the revision for a finite element computation model of Siduhe long span suspension bridge is carried successfully, which lays a realible foundation for the following vehicle-bridge coupled vibration research.
(3) With the twenty one, the twenty five and the twenty nine freedom degrees system simulated the four, five and six axis vehicles model separately for the fisrt time. Based on the existing 13 degree of freedom two axis vehicles and the 17 degree of freedom three axis vehicles, has consummated the computation model system of the traffic random flowing for typical vehicles and enhanced the computation precision of the vehicle model. Based on VB language, vehicle-bridge coupled vibration procedure BDANS is established, which can be used to analysis the random traffic flowing, and the interface is realized among BDANS and the random traffic flows simulation procedure, as well as the large-scale finite element computational procedure ANSYS. Finally this procedure is validated through the analysis of the simple substance quantity spring system beam-model and some great span continual rigid frame dynamic load experiment.
(4) Based on the BDANS and the ATVFM procedure, some long span suspension bridge is taken as the studying case. A systematic research is firstly carried on the effect of the sixteen common vehicle types, vehicles rigidity, damping and driving condition for dynamic response and impact of the bridge structure. At the same time, the influence and rules of the vehicle-bridge coupled vibration is further studied with the changing of bridge structure parameters, such as the stiffness of main cable, suspension cable, centre buckle, stiff grider and main tower. The research conclusions discovered the impact factor are not sole to increase along with the structure rigidity increases or reduces. The different structure spot correspondence impact factor also has the big difference, the same structure spot endogen impact factor of the force and the displacement also have some difference. Forthmore according to the basic principle of the extreme value extrapolated method, the basic step is delivered, and the biggest dynamic response and the impact coefficients, which produced from the stochastic vehicles stream to the bridge structure under different surface roughness condition, are obtained.
The conclusion in this paper might build a reliable foundation for the flowing research of vehicle-bridge coupled vabriation and provide a beneficial reference for the construction and maintenance of the similar bridge in the future.
引文
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