大跨度地铁车站施工力学及地表沉降控制研究
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摘要
随着城市地铁工程在我国的蓬勃发展,预计21世纪初至中叶将是我国大规模建设地铁的年代。与此相关,必然会涌现出大量的岩土工程技术问题需要解决,如群洞施工、大断面隧道施工等。无论采用何种方法在城市中修建地下工程,都不可避免对周边环境造成一定的影响,引起地表沉陷,危及周边建筑物和地下管线的安全,严重的引起工程事故,造成严重的经济损失和人员伤亡。因此如何在施工中保证施工安全和有效控制地表沉降已经成为城市地铁建设工程中一个亟待解决的重要课题。
论文以广州地铁六号线东湖站暗挖段为工程背景,主要进行了以下几个方面的工作:
1.通过总结前人的研究和经验,简要阐述了大跨度隧道的施工方法、受力特性及引起地表沉降的原因,为东湖站暗挖段大跨隧道施工提供理论支撑。
2.通过工程类比,初步提出几种适合东湖站暗挖段隧道施工方法。根据暗挖段车站结构的要求,确定以中洞法施工为基础,侧壁采用导坑或者台阶法施工。运用FLAC~(3D)有限差分软件,模拟不同施工方法对围岩应力重分布、地表沉降、初期支护受力的影响,确定中洞加双侧壁导坑法为初选施工方法。在此基础上,应用模型试验对所选施工方法从围岩应力分布、地表及地层沉降控制的方面验证,确保施工安全和对周边环境的影响减小到许可的范围。
3.通过对施工过程中监控量测返回的数据分析,验证了三维数值模拟和模型试验的合理性,为以后类似工程提供经验。
论文针对广州地铁东湖站的特点,通过数值模拟和模型试验提出了切实可行的施工方案。广州地铁六号线东湖站大跨扁平隧道成功修建证明,在城市软弱围岩中修建大断面扁平隧道,通过将大断面隧道转化为几步合理的小断面开挖和控制爆破技术,不仅能保证施工的安全,而且能有效的控制地表沉降,减小对周边环境的影响。实践证明,这些方法对于城市地铁大跨度隧道都是行之有效的。
It can be predicted that a great deal of urban metro engineering projects will be constructed in the early-middle 21st century based on flourish metro engineering foreground nowadays. But at the same time many geotechnical problems will also come forth, such as the construction of multi-tunnels, the construction of large span tunnel, etc. At present whatever methods are adopted, it is still impossibe to avoid some bad influences on the related environment, for instance, causing surface subsidence, endangering the surrounding buildings and underground pipeline safety, some of which will bring serious financial losses or even heavy casualties. Therefore, how to ensure the security of the construction and control the surface subsidence effectively is an important issu in the urban metro construction areas.
Based on the East Lake station taken by shallow tunneling method of Guangzhou Metro 6th Line, the paper mainly includs the following aspects:
1. Expounding the large span tunnel construction methods, mechanical properties and the reason of surface subsidence by summing up the past experience and research. And all of these provided theoretical support for the shallow tunneling large span East Lake Station.
2. Giving some suggestion on several kinds of tunnel construction methods which are suitable for the wide-span East Lake shallow tunneling Station preliminary by contrasting the similar projects. In order to meet the needs of the station construction, three-dimensional numerical simulation and model test are employed to ensure the security of construction and reduce the impact on the surrounding environment.
3. Proving the rationality of three-dimensional numerical simulation and model testing through analying the returned monitoring data, which will provid the experience for later similar projects.
According to the characteristics of East Lake station, the paper gives a reasonable construction method by numerical simulation and model test. The sucefull practice on the large span East Lake station proved that preceding pilot tunnels, large-volume excavation divided into small ones, excavation of flank before that of center, upper before lower, arch before wall, is a good method which could effiectivel reduce surface subsidecne and its adverse effect on djacent buildings, in addition, some other measures are also taken to lessen vlast-induced vibration in the ground and surrounding structures. In a word, all methodes and steps mentioned above have already proved efficiency and practicalness in projects..
论文以广州地铁六号线东湖站暗挖段为工程背景,主要进行了以下几个方面的工作:
1.通过总结前人的研究和经验,简要阐述了大跨度隧道的施工方法、受力特性及引起地表沉降的原因,为东湖站暗挖段大跨隧道施工提供理论支撑。
2.通过工程类比,初步提出几种适合东湖站暗挖段隧道施工方法。根据暗挖段车站结构的要求,确定以中洞法施工为基础,侧壁采用导坑或者台阶法施工。运用FLAC~(3D)有限差分软件,模拟不同施工方法对围岩应力重分布、地表沉降、初期支护受力的影响,确定中洞加双侧壁导坑法为初选施工方法。在此基础上,应用模型试验对所选施工方法从围岩应力分布、地表及地层沉降控制的方面验证,确保施工安全和对周边环境的影响减小到许可的范围。
3.通过对施工过程中监控量测返回的数据分析,验证了三维数值模拟和模型试验的合理性,为以后类似工程提供经验。
论文针对广州地铁东湖站的特点,通过数值模拟和模型试验提出了切实可行的施工方案。广州地铁六号线东湖站大跨扁平隧道成功修建证明,在城市软弱围岩中修建大断面扁平隧道,通过将大断面隧道转化为几步合理的小断面开挖和控制爆破技术,不仅能保证施工的安全,而且能有效的控制地表沉降,减小对周边环境的影响。实践证明,这些方法对于城市地铁大跨度隧道都是行之有效的。
It can be predicted that a great deal of urban metro engineering projects will be constructed in the early-middle 21st century based on flourish metro engineering foreground nowadays. But at the same time many geotechnical problems will also come forth, such as the construction of multi-tunnels, the construction of large span tunnel, etc. At present whatever methods are adopted, it is still impossibe to avoid some bad influences on the related environment, for instance, causing surface subsidence, endangering the surrounding buildings and underground pipeline safety, some of which will bring serious financial losses or even heavy casualties. Therefore, how to ensure the security of the construction and control the surface subsidence effectively is an important issu in the urban metro construction areas.
Based on the East Lake station taken by shallow tunneling method of Guangzhou Metro 6th Line, the paper mainly includs the following aspects:
1. Expounding the large span tunnel construction methods, mechanical properties and the reason of surface subsidence by summing up the past experience and research. And all of these provided theoretical support for the shallow tunneling large span East Lake Station.
2. Giving some suggestion on several kinds of tunnel construction methods which are suitable for the wide-span East Lake shallow tunneling Station preliminary by contrasting the similar projects. In order to meet the needs of the station construction, three-dimensional numerical simulation and model test are employed to ensure the security of construction and reduce the impact on the surrounding environment.
3. Proving the rationality of three-dimensional numerical simulation and model testing through analying the returned monitoring data, which will provid the experience for later similar projects.
According to the characteristics of East Lake station, the paper gives a reasonable construction method by numerical simulation and model test. The sucefull practice on the large span East Lake station proved that preceding pilot tunnels, large-volume excavation divided into small ones, excavation of flank before that of center, upper before lower, arch before wall, is a good method which could effiectivel reduce surface subsidecne and its adverse effect on djacent buildings, in addition, some other measures are also taken to lessen vlast-induced vibration in the ground and surrounding structures. In a word, all methodes and steps mentioned above have already proved efficiency and practicalness in projects..
引文
[1]钱七虎.迎接我国城市地下空间开发高潮[J].岩土工程程学报.1998,20(4):112-113
[2]刘宝深.急待深入研究的地铁建设中的岩土力学课题[J].铁道建筑技术.2000,(3):1-3
[3]黄成光.公路隧道施工[M].北京.人民交通出版社,2001
[4]陈竹涛.大跨浅埋城市轻轨车站隧道施工力学效应研究.[D].重庆.重庆大学,2006
[5]傅鑫彬.浅埋软弱围岩大跨隧道的施工技术研究.[D].成都.西南交通大学,2006
[6]胡学兵.大断面公路隧道力学响应及围岩稳定性评价研究[D].重庆.重庆交通大学,2003
[7]王应富,蒋树屏,张永兴.四车道隧道动态施工力学研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,6:134-137
[8]张顶立,王梦恕.复杂围岩条件下大跨隧道修建技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003.2:290-296
[9]霍卫华.软岩大跨隧道施工力学研究.[J].河北理工学院学报,2004.11:96-100
[10]孟伶俐等.地铁大断面隧道开挖方法选取三维模拟计算分析.[J].西部探矿工程,2006(1):152-153
[11]奚正兵等.超大断面隧道不同工法引起软弱围岩变形机理分析.[J].施工技术,2006.7:50-68
[12]吴梦军,刘新荣等.特大断面隧道施工方法试验研究.[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2005.10:57-60
[13]Hoek.E.Big Tunnels in bad rock.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,v 127,n 9,September,2001,p 726-740
[14]Sakurai.Mitsuo.Construction Of Shinkmon Tunnel.Permanent Way,v 16,n2-3,May,1976,p 36-47
[15]李通林,谭学术,刘传伟.矿山岩石力学[M].重庆大学出版社,1984.9
[16]陈子荫.围岩力学分析中的解析方法[M].煤炭工业出版社,1994.4
[17]朱合华.隧洞掘进面时空效应的研究-边界元法的若干进展及其工程应用[D].博士学位论文,上海同济大学,1989.8
[18]孙均,朱合华.软弱围岩隧洞施工性态的模拟与分析[J].岩土力学,1994,15(4)
[19]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M]
[20]张有天.隧洞施工期变形过程分析[J],岩石力学与工程学报,1992,11(1):63-71
[21]金丰年,钱七虎.隧洞开挖的三维有限元计算[J],岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(3):193-200
[22]Liu Xinyu,Wang Bin,Zhang Shanggen,The computer simulation analysis of surrounding rock stability of an underground super-shallow-seated gallery construction,Proceedings of International Symposium on Rock Mechanics and Environmental Geotechnology[J],Chongqing,China,1997:239-242
[23]李造鼎、宋纳新,贾立宏.岩土动态开挖的灰色建模[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(3)
[24]邬爱清,任放,董学晟.DDA数值模拟及其在岩体工程上的初步应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5):411-417
[25]周维垣,寇晓东.无单元法及其工程应用[J].力学学报,1998,30(2):193-202
[26]郑颖人.广义塑性力学[M).北京:科学出版社,2003
[27]刘怀恒.岩石力学平面非线性有限元法及程序[J],地下工程,1999.8
[28]Bathe,K.J.,ADINA ADAINAT使用手册[M],1986.12
[29]2D-σ for windows用户手册[M],日本软脑株式会社,1996
[30]3D-σ for windows用户手册[M],日本软脑株式会社,1996
[31]阳军生,刘宝琛.城市隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形.北京:中国铁道出版社.2002
[32]夏志强.城市地铁群洞隧道施工地表沉降研究.成都.西南交图大学硕士论文.2004
[33]PeekR.b.Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground,State of the Art Report.Proe.7~(th) Int.Conf.On soil Mechanics and Foundation,Mexico city,1969,225290
[34]M.P.O' Reilly,B.M.New,Settliements above tunnels in the UK-their magnitude and prediction[J],Tunneling' 82,1982.173-181
[35]刘建航,侯学渊.盾构隧道[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1991
[36]郑良飞.大跨地铁暗挖车站施工地层变位控制技术研究.现代隧道技术,2007.12
[37]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学.北京:科学出版社,1995
[38]关宝树.隧道力学概论.成都:西南交通大学出版社,1993
[39]王思敬,杨志林.地下工程岩体稳定性分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1984
[40]冯夏庭,马宁波.基于数据挖掘的地下洞室围岩稳定性差别[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,(3)
[41]程良奎,杨志银.喷射混凝土与土钉墙[M].北京:中国建筑土业出版社,1998
[42]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学(M).北京:科学出版社,1995
[43]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实用与应用指南.人民交通出版社,2005
[44]王明年等.隧道仰拱的力学行为研究.岩土工程学报,1996年1月
[45]李毕华.小间距隧道施工的现场实测与物理模型试验和数值模拟结果的对比研究.2007、同济大学硕士论文76-79
[46]袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型实验.西南交通大学出版社,1993
[47]王光钦.弹性力学.中国铁道出版社,2004
[48]禹华谦.工程流体力学.高等教育出版社,2004
[49]谢国强.地下工程信息化施工发展现状及对策.科技创新导报,2008(4)
[50]肖树萍.单拱大跨隧道信息化施工监控量测技术研究.中国公路学报.2005(10)
[51]李戈平.新奥法隧道收敛位移量测.甘肃科技,2006(10)
[2]刘宝深.急待深入研究的地铁建设中的岩土力学课题[J].铁道建筑技术.2000,(3):1-3
[3]黄成光.公路隧道施工[M].北京.人民交通出版社,2001
[4]陈竹涛.大跨浅埋城市轻轨车站隧道施工力学效应研究.[D].重庆.重庆大学,2006
[5]傅鑫彬.浅埋软弱围岩大跨隧道的施工技术研究.[D].成都.西南交通大学,2006
[6]胡学兵.大断面公路隧道力学响应及围岩稳定性评价研究[D].重庆.重庆交通大学,2003
[7]王应富,蒋树屏,张永兴.四车道隧道动态施工力学研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,6:134-137
[8]张顶立,王梦恕.复杂围岩条件下大跨隧道修建技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003.2:290-296
[9]霍卫华.软岩大跨隧道施工力学研究.[J].河北理工学院学报,2004.11:96-100
[10]孟伶俐等.地铁大断面隧道开挖方法选取三维模拟计算分析.[J].西部探矿工程,2006(1):152-153
[11]奚正兵等.超大断面隧道不同工法引起软弱围岩变形机理分析.[J].施工技术,2006.7:50-68
[12]吴梦军,刘新荣等.特大断面隧道施工方法试验研究.[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2005.10:57-60
[13]Hoek.E.Big Tunnels in bad rock.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,v 127,n 9,September,2001,p 726-740
[14]Sakurai.Mitsuo.Construction Of Shinkmon Tunnel.Permanent Way,v 16,n2-3,May,1976,p 36-47
[15]李通林,谭学术,刘传伟.矿山岩石力学[M].重庆大学出版社,1984.9
[16]陈子荫.围岩力学分析中的解析方法[M].煤炭工业出版社,1994.4
[17]朱合华.隧洞掘进面时空效应的研究-边界元法的若干进展及其工程应用[D].博士学位论文,上海同济大学,1989.8
[18]孙均,朱合华.软弱围岩隧洞施工性态的模拟与分析[J].岩土力学,1994,15(4)
[19]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M]
[20]张有天.隧洞施工期变形过程分析[J],岩石力学与工程学报,1992,11(1):63-71
[21]金丰年,钱七虎.隧洞开挖的三维有限元计算[J],岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(3):193-200
[22]Liu Xinyu,Wang Bin,Zhang Shanggen,The computer simulation analysis of surrounding rock stability of an underground super-shallow-seated gallery construction,Proceedings of International Symposium on Rock Mechanics and Environmental Geotechnology[J],Chongqing,China,1997:239-242
[23]李造鼎、宋纳新,贾立宏.岩土动态开挖的灰色建模[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(3)
[24]邬爱清,任放,董学晟.DDA数值模拟及其在岩体工程上的初步应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(5):411-417
[25]周维垣,寇晓东.无单元法及其工程应用[J].力学学报,1998,30(2):193-202
[26]郑颖人.广义塑性力学[M).北京:科学出版社,2003
[27]刘怀恒.岩石力学平面非线性有限元法及程序[J],地下工程,1999.8
[28]Bathe,K.J.,ADINA ADAINAT使用手册[M],1986.12
[29]2D-σ for windows用户手册[M],日本软脑株式会社,1996
[30]3D-σ for windows用户手册[M],日本软脑株式会社,1996
[31]阳军生,刘宝琛.城市隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形.北京:中国铁道出版社.2002
[32]夏志强.城市地铁群洞隧道施工地表沉降研究.成都.西南交图大学硕士论文.2004
[33]PeekR.b.Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground,State of the Art Report.Proe.7~(th) Int.Conf.On soil Mechanics and Foundation,Mexico city,1969,225290
[34]M.P.O' Reilly,B.M.New,Settliements above tunnels in the UK-their magnitude and prediction[J],Tunneling' 82,1982.173-181
[35]刘建航,侯学渊.盾构隧道[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1991
[36]郑良飞.大跨地铁暗挖车站施工地层变位控制技术研究.现代隧道技术,2007.12
[37]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学.北京:科学出版社,1995
[38]关宝树.隧道力学概论.成都:西南交通大学出版社,1993
[39]王思敬,杨志林.地下工程岩体稳定性分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1984
[40]冯夏庭,马宁波.基于数据挖掘的地下洞室围岩稳定性差别[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,(3)
[41]程良奎,杨志银.喷射混凝土与土钉墙[M].北京:中国建筑土业出版社,1998
[42]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学(M).北京:科学出版社,1995
[43]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实用与应用指南.人民交通出版社,2005
[44]王明年等.隧道仰拱的力学行为研究.岩土工程学报,1996年1月
[45]李毕华.小间距隧道施工的现场实测与物理模型试验和数值模拟结果的对比研究.2007、同济大学硕士论文76-79
[46]袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型实验.西南交通大学出版社,1993
[47]王光钦.弹性力学.中国铁道出版社,2004
[48]禹华谦.工程流体力学.高等教育出版社,2004
[49]谢国强.地下工程信息化施工发展现状及对策.科技创新导报,2008(4)
[50]肖树萍.单拱大跨隧道信息化施工监控量测技术研究.中国公路学报.2005(10)
[51]李戈平.新奥法隧道收敛位移量测.甘肃科技,2006(10)