航空发动机涡轮叶片设计仿真系统
摘要
在影响发动机性能的各项因素中,发动机叶片的几何形状以及其对应的气动性能对发动机的整体性能起着非常关键的作用,因此能否设计出好的叶片是整个发动机设计环节中关键的一环。
针对涡轮叶片的造型特点,本文采用了非均匀有理B样条(Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline,简称NURBS)造型技术来生成三维叶片。同时利用NURBS方法其统一表示二次曲线弧与二次曲面的能力来对叶片造型曲线的前后缘小圆进行了处理。最后,利用NURBS方法和蒙面法相结合生成三维叶片,并对生成速度和效果进行了优化。
在此基础上,本文以VC++.NET作为开发平台,采用目前最新的软件设计思想一模块化及MVC设计模式,实现了在OpenGL环境中对三维叶片的渲染仿真过程。OpenGL(即开放性图形库Open Graphics Library)是近几年发展起来的一个性能卓越的三维图形标准,OpenGL图形库除了提供基本的点、线、多边形的绘制函数外,还提供了比较复杂的三维物体以及复杂曲线和曲面(如Bezier、NURBS等曲线或曲面),从而可以方便地构建虚拟三维世界。
同时根据系统需要,本文采用ActiveX技术和GDI+图形渲染环境开发了用于涡轮叶片二维数据仿真的控件。此控件可以方便的实现各种二维离散数据点的多种方式拟和,而且提供了非常友好的交互接口。提供了图形的放大、缩小、移动以及图元的选取修改等功能。
本文研究开发的软件各功能模块实用性好,功能比较完备,接口简单,专业性强,具有一定的继承性和后续发展潜力,通过不断的深入开发研究将使之能够成为飞机发动机叶型设计仿真的有力辅助工具。
In all facts that affect the performance of Aero-Engine,the geometrical shape and the aero-dynamical performance of the blade play a significant role in the performance of engine. Therefore,the design of an excellent blade is a key to improve the whole performance of Aero-Engine.
Considering the characteristic of the turbine blade, this thesis adopts the NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline) model technology to create the three-dimensional blade. Meanwhile, we adopt NURBS method, which is able to unify the form of the conic, the arc and the conicoid, to deal with the small circles of font and back of the model curve of blade. Finally, we combine NURBS method and skinning method to produce the three-dimensional blade,and optimize the producing pace and effect.
In order to realize the playing up and the simulation of three-dimensional blade in OpenGL environment, this thesis adopts the VC++.NET as the developing platform and the latest software design philosophy-module and MVC as the design mode.The OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a three-dimensional graphics standard with remarkable performance developed in recent years.The OpenGL library provides complicated three-dimensional object and complicated curve and surface(for instance, contours such as Bezier, NURBS and etc), besides the basic point, line and polygon.The OpenGL, therefore, can construct fictitious three-dimensional world conveniently.
According to the requirement of the system,this thesis adopts ActiveX technology and GDI+graphic environment to develop an ActiveX-Control, which used in the simulation of the relative two-dimension data of the turbine blade. This ActiveX-Control provides various convenient ways of draft of two-dimensional dispersed dot, friendly interactive interface and the function of magnifying, minifying, moving, picking and changing primitive dot of the figure.
The software's all function modules, developed in this thesis,have well engineering application,intact function, simple interface,and a strong profession.Meanwhile,it also has some inherited property and evolution potential,and it is sure that it will be a good assistant tool of the Aero-Engine blade design and simulation unceasing research and development.
针对涡轮叶片的造型特点,本文采用了非均匀有理B样条(Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline,简称NURBS)造型技术来生成三维叶片。同时利用NURBS方法其统一表示二次曲线弧与二次曲面的能力来对叶片造型曲线的前后缘小圆进行了处理。最后,利用NURBS方法和蒙面法相结合生成三维叶片,并对生成速度和效果进行了优化。
在此基础上,本文以VC++.NET作为开发平台,采用目前最新的软件设计思想一模块化及MVC设计模式,实现了在OpenGL环境中对三维叶片的渲染仿真过程。OpenGL(即开放性图形库Open Graphics Library)是近几年发展起来的一个性能卓越的三维图形标准,OpenGL图形库除了提供基本的点、线、多边形的绘制函数外,还提供了比较复杂的三维物体以及复杂曲线和曲面(如Bezier、NURBS等曲线或曲面),从而可以方便地构建虚拟三维世界。
同时根据系统需要,本文采用ActiveX技术和GDI+图形渲染环境开发了用于涡轮叶片二维数据仿真的控件。此控件可以方便的实现各种二维离散数据点的多种方式拟和,而且提供了非常友好的交互接口。提供了图形的放大、缩小、移动以及图元的选取修改等功能。
本文研究开发的软件各功能模块实用性好,功能比较完备,接口简单,专业性强,具有一定的继承性和后续发展潜力,通过不断的深入开发研究将使之能够成为飞机发动机叶型设计仿真的有力辅助工具。
In all facts that affect the performance of Aero-Engine,the geometrical shape and the aero-dynamical performance of the blade play a significant role in the performance of engine. Therefore,the design of an excellent blade is a key to improve the whole performance of Aero-Engine.
Considering the characteristic of the turbine blade, this thesis adopts the NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline) model technology to create the three-dimensional blade. Meanwhile, we adopt NURBS method, which is able to unify the form of the conic, the arc and the conicoid, to deal with the small circles of font and back of the model curve of blade. Finally, we combine NURBS method and skinning method to produce the three-dimensional blade,and optimize the producing pace and effect.
In order to realize the playing up and the simulation of three-dimensional blade in OpenGL environment, this thesis adopts the VC++.NET as the developing platform and the latest software design philosophy-module and MVC as the design mode.The OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a three-dimensional graphics standard with remarkable performance developed in recent years.The OpenGL library provides complicated three-dimensional object and complicated curve and surface(for instance, contours such as Bezier, NURBS and etc), besides the basic point, line and polygon.The OpenGL, therefore, can construct fictitious three-dimensional world conveniently.
According to the requirement of the system,this thesis adopts ActiveX technology and GDI+graphic environment to develop an ActiveX-Control, which used in the simulation of the relative two-dimension data of the turbine blade. This ActiveX-Control provides various convenient ways of draft of two-dimensional dispersed dot, friendly interactive interface and the function of magnifying, minifying, moving, picking and changing primitive dot of the figure.
The software's all function modules, developed in this thesis,have well engineering application,intact function, simple interface,and a strong profession.Meanwhile,it also has some inherited property and evolution potential,and it is sure that it will be a good assistant tool of the Aero-Engine blade design and simulation unceasing research and development.
引文
1.施法中.计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条(CAGD & NURBS)[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2001,14-496.
2.朱方元.航空轴流叶片机气动设计[M],陕西：西北工业大学出版社,1984,128-236.
3.杨振朝,孙广标,张安洲.航空燃气涡轮叶片造型技术研究[J],机床与液压[C],2006,30(2)：102-104.
4.和平鸽工作室.OpenGL三维图形系统开发与实用技术(基础篇)[M],重庆：重庆大学出版社,2003,8-256.
5.Ting Nung Shiau,Yung DannYu,Chun Pao Kuo. Vibration and optimum design of rotating laminated blades[J].J Composites Part,1996,27(3):173-183.
6. J.Hoschek, D.Lasser, Fundamentals of Computer Geometric Design[J],AK Peters,1993,Wellesley: 273-280.
7.周鸣扬,赵景亮.精通GDI+编程[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2004,14-274.
8.朱心雄.自由曲线曲面造型技术[M],北京：科学出版社,2000,1-376.
9. Josef Hoschek.Rainer Muller. Turbine blade design by lofted B-spline surfaces[J],Journal of Computational Applied Mathematics,2000,119(20):235-248.
10.刘金梅,杨岳,魏玲玲.基于OpenGL的叶轮可视化造型[J],企业技术开发[C],长沙：中南大学出版社,2006.10,36(5)：16-19.
11.Christoph-Hermann Richter.Structural design of modern steam turbine blade using ADINA[J].Computers and Structures,2003,81(12):919-927.
12. Hicham Abdallah,Simon Harvey.Thermodynamic analysis of chemically recuperated gas turbines[J].Therm.Scl,2001,40(3):372-384.
13.金雪云.Visual C++教程[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2004,124-186.
14.孙家广,胡事民.计算机图形基础教程[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2005,36-364.
15.GFarin,Curves and Surfaces for CAGD,Practical Guide,4th Edition[J],Academic Press,New York,1997,180-190.
16. Mahesh Chand. GDI+图形程序设计[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2005,40-204.
17.陈建春.矢量图形系统开发与编程[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2005,86-259.
18.张玉伟,付秀琢,苏国胜.基于NURBS的风机叶片造型研究[J]，山东轻工业学院学报,2006.9,20(3)：21-23.
19.张维军,方祥军,王屏,刘思永.三维涡轮叶片交互式造型程序设计[J],机械设计与制造[C],2005,40(2)：29-34.
20.方祥军,刘思永,王屏.超跨音对转涡轮大转折角叶片的高次多项式解析造型研究[J],航空动力学报,2003.1,18(1)：12-30.
21.Dave Shreine,Mason Wooetal,Tcm Davis. OpenGL编程指南[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2006,4-420.
22.李刚,刘华明.叶轮、叶片类复杂零件造型方法的研究[J],机械设计与制造,2000,20(3)：59-89.
23.苑国强,周海涛,孙泽涛.NURBS在风机设计中的应用[J],机械设计,2004,21(4)：24-35.
24.郭斌,周登文.基于权因子调整的NURBS曲线形状修改算法及其在人脸模型中的应用[J],计算机研究与发展,2004,41(1)：156-167.
25.强大再等.基于OpenGL的三维仿真实现[J],机械科学与设计,1999,18(5)：145-156.
26.张力科.Visual C++6.0 MFC类库参考手册[M],人民邮电出版社,2002,240-486.
27.方美玉.B样条曲面蒙面算法,南华人学学报(自然科学版),2005,19(2)：82-85.
28. Xiaoping Qian, Deba Dutta.Design of heterogeneous turbine blade[J],Computer-Aided Design, 2001,35(5):319-329.
29. ZHONG Denghua,LUI Jie and LI Mingchao. An approach to 3D NURBS modeling of complex fault network considering its historic tectonics [J],Progress In Natural Science,2006,16(5):546-553.
30. Shoemake, K.. Animating Rotations with QuaternionCurves[J], Computer Graphics,1985,19(3),245-254.
31.OpenGL体系结构审核委员会.OpenGL编程指南[M],北京：人民邮电出版社,2005,1-480.
32.和平鸽工作室.OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发[M],北京：中国水利水电出版社,2006,1-445.
33. Shoemake, K. ARCBALL:A User Interface for Specifying Three-Dimensional Orientation Using a Mouse[J], Graphics Interface,1992,151-156.
34.李长锋,修毅.OpenGL下三维模型的显示和自由旋转[J],北京服装学院学报,2006,26(3)：14-19
35.Jerry Anderson. Visual C++5 ActiveX编程指南[M],北京：清华大学出版社,1998,68-296.
36.蔡孟哲.COM/ActiveX实用技巧[M],北京：中国铁道出版社,2001,1-264.
37.东方人华.Visual C++.NET范例入门与提高[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2003,64-218.
38.飞思科技产品研发中心,Visual C++.NET编程指南[M],电子工业出版社,2003,118-187.
39.彭海河,李忠琪,姜志辉.Visual C++.NET实例入门[M],海洋出版社,2002,8-278.
40.靳军.基于NURBS的叶片优化设计与OpenGL中的渲染仿真系统的开发[D],西安：西北工业大学,2005.
41.王成恩,刘震.航空发动机涡轮设计集成技术[J],东北大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(5)：485-488.
42.潘爱民.COM原理与应用[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2005，9-330.
2.朱方元.航空轴流叶片机气动设计[M],陕西：西北工业大学出版社,1984,128-236.
3.杨振朝,孙广标,张安洲.航空燃气涡轮叶片造型技术研究[J],机床与液压[C],2006,30(2)：102-104.
4.和平鸽工作室.OpenGL三维图形系统开发与实用技术(基础篇)[M],重庆：重庆大学出版社,2003,8-256.
5.Ting Nung Shiau,Yung DannYu,Chun Pao Kuo. Vibration and optimum design of rotating laminated blades[J].J Composites Part,1996,27(3):173-183.
6. J.Hoschek, D.Lasser, Fundamentals of Computer Geometric Design[J],AK Peters,1993,Wellesley: 273-280.
7.周鸣扬,赵景亮.精通GDI+编程[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2004,14-274.
8.朱心雄.自由曲线曲面造型技术[M],北京：科学出版社,2000,1-376.
9. Josef Hoschek.Rainer Muller. Turbine blade design by lofted B-spline surfaces[J],Journal of Computational Applied Mathematics,2000,119(20):235-248.
10.刘金梅,杨岳,魏玲玲.基于OpenGL的叶轮可视化造型[J],企业技术开发[C],长沙：中南大学出版社,2006.10,36(5)：16-19.
11.Christoph-Hermann Richter.Structural design of modern steam turbine blade using ADINA[J].Computers and Structures,2003,81(12):919-927.
12. Hicham Abdallah,Simon Harvey.Thermodynamic analysis of chemically recuperated gas turbines[J].Therm.Scl,2001,40(3):372-384.
13.金雪云.Visual C++教程[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2004,124-186.
14.孙家广,胡事民.计算机图形基础教程[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2005,36-364.
15.GFarin,Curves and Surfaces for CAGD,Practical Guide,4th Edition[J],Academic Press,New York,1997,180-190.
16. Mahesh Chand. GDI+图形程序设计[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2005,40-204.
17.陈建春.矢量图形系统开发与编程[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2005,86-259.
18.张玉伟,付秀琢,苏国胜.基于NURBS的风机叶片造型研究[J]，山东轻工业学院学报,2006.9,20(3)：21-23.
19.张维军,方祥军,王屏,刘思永.三维涡轮叶片交互式造型程序设计[J],机械设计与制造[C],2005,40(2)：29-34.
20.方祥军,刘思永,王屏.超跨音对转涡轮大转折角叶片的高次多项式解析造型研究[J],航空动力学报,2003.1,18(1)：12-30.
21.Dave Shreine,Mason Wooetal,Tcm Davis. OpenGL编程指南[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2006,4-420.
22.李刚,刘华明.叶轮、叶片类复杂零件造型方法的研究[J],机械设计与制造,2000,20(3)：59-89.
23.苑国强,周海涛,孙泽涛.NURBS在风机设计中的应用[J],机械设计,2004,21(4)：24-35.
24.郭斌,周登文.基于权因子调整的NURBS曲线形状修改算法及其在人脸模型中的应用[J],计算机研究与发展,2004,41(1)：156-167.
25.强大再等.基于OpenGL的三维仿真实现[J],机械科学与设计,1999,18(5)：145-156.
26.张力科.Visual C++6.0 MFC类库参考手册[M],人民邮电出版社,2002,240-486.
27.方美玉.B样条曲面蒙面算法,南华人学学报(自然科学版),2005,19(2)：82-85.
28. Xiaoping Qian, Deba Dutta.Design of heterogeneous turbine blade[J],Computer-Aided Design, 2001,35(5):319-329.
29. ZHONG Denghua,LUI Jie and LI Mingchao. An approach to 3D NURBS modeling of complex fault network considering its historic tectonics [J],Progress In Natural Science,2006,16(5):546-553.
30. Shoemake, K.. Animating Rotations with QuaternionCurves[J], Computer Graphics,1985,19(3),245-254.
31.OpenGL体系结构审核委员会.OpenGL编程指南[M],北京：人民邮电出版社,2005,1-480.
32.和平鸽工作室.OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发[M],北京：中国水利水电出版社,2006,1-445.
33. Shoemake, K. ARCBALL:A User Interface for Specifying Three-Dimensional Orientation Using a Mouse[J], Graphics Interface,1992,151-156.
34.李长锋,修毅.OpenGL下三维模型的显示和自由旋转[J],北京服装学院学报,2006,26(3)：14-19
35.Jerry Anderson. Visual C++5 ActiveX编程指南[M],北京：清华大学出版社,1998,68-296.
36.蔡孟哲.COM/ActiveX实用技巧[M],北京：中国铁道出版社,2001,1-264.
37.东方人华.Visual C++.NET范例入门与提高[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2003,64-218.
38.飞思科技产品研发中心,Visual C++.NET编程指南[M],电子工业出版社,2003,118-187.
39.彭海河,李忠琪,姜志辉.Visual C++.NET实例入门[M],海洋出版社,2002,8-278.
40.靳军.基于NURBS的叶片优化设计与OpenGL中的渲染仿真系统的开发[D],西安：西北工业大学,2005.
41.王成恩,刘震.航空发动机涡轮设计集成技术[J],东北大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(5)：485-488.
42.潘爱民.COM原理与应用[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2005，9-330.