中国边际产业对外直接投资贸易效应分析
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摘要
伴随着国际经济格局的新变化,对外直接投资已成为促进当今世界各国经济发展最重要、最活跃的因素,而发展中国家的对外直接投资已经成为国际经济关系中不可忽视的现象。对发展中国家对外直接投资行为的研究成了经济学理论研究的前沿和热点。“走出去”战略提出以后,特别是近几年来,我国企业对外直接投资发展迅速,对外直接投资对我国对外贸易乃至整个国民经济的发展都有重要意义。在以往的大量研究文献中,我们发现对外直接投资对我国出口的补充作用大于它对出口的替代作用,然而落实到具体产业,对外投资与贸易是互补的还是替代的?对国内产业结构的调整和升级会产生哪些影响?本文全面系统的从边际产业角度对对外直接投资贸易效应进行研究,探寻边际产业对外直接投资对贸易数量变动、贸易结构转换和贸易顺差转移的作用原理和最终效果。
在国际产业转移和我国产业结构升级的背景下,客观的分析边际产业对外直接投资的贸易效应,以及如何扩大这种贸易效应是本文的重点。首先在明确选题背景和意义,对相关文献回顾的基础上,阐述了现阶段我国边际产业对外贸易和对外直接投资的基本状况。在进一步探讨边际产业对外直接投资贸易效应时,分别从贸易规模、贸易结构和贸易顺差转移三个方面全面深入的分析边际产业对外投资对贸易产生的效应。指出边际产业在对外投资过程中,通过建立海外营销网络、搜集市场信息、规避贸易壁垒以及学习发达国家先进技术等方式直接或间接的扩大我国对外贸易规模,同时,利用边际产业对外贸易和对外直接投资数据,通过回归分析得出,边际产业对外直接投资对出口贸易存在一定的拉动作用;边际产业对外直接投资可以优化我国出口商品结构,也可以通过优化产业结构间接改变出口商品结构,此外,在一些发展中国家和地区投资,还可以转移我国贸易顺差。通过上述分析,本文认为边际产业对外直接投资可以扩大对外贸易规模、优化出口贸易结构,同时可以部分转移我国贸易顺差。最后,指出要扩大边际产业对外直接投资贸易效应,必须构建促进边际产业对外直接投资的政策支持体系,同时也应该加强对亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲等发展中国家和地区投资,还应注意发挥行业协会的作用。
With the new change in international economic pattern, Foreign direct investment has become one of the most important and active factors in promoting development of countries’economy in the world, developing countries’FDI has form a phenomenon which could not be ignored in the international economic relationship. The research of developing countries’FDI already has became the forefront and hotpoint of theory. After proposed the "going out" strategy, especially in recent years, China enterprises’FDI has developed rapidly, FDI plays an important role on China's foreign trade and development of national economy. FDI’s complementary impact to our export is more than substituting function to export in a lot of the research literature. However, is the complementary impact or substituting function to specific industry between FDI and trade? Which influence will have to the adjustment and upgrading of domestic industrial structure? This paper takes research that trade effects of FDI from the perspective of Marginal Industry, and finds the principle and final result which FDI of Marginal Industry changes the trade volume,trade structural and surplus transfer.
At the background of international industrial transfer and upgrading of industrial structure in China, the main point of this paper is analyizing trade effects of FDI to marginal industry objective and how to expand trade effect. At first, thesis defines the background and meaning,based on review of theory between trade and investment ,this paper focuses on the basic situation of foreign trade and FDI of marginal industry at present in China . During discuss the trade effect of FDI of marginal industry in China, this paper deeply analyzes the effect from trade scale, trade structure and trade surplus transfer. In the process of FDI of marginal industry, expanding the trade scale directly and indirectly through establishing overseas marketing networks, collecting market information, avoiding trade barriers and learning the advanced technology from developed countries. At the same time, the paper analyzes the relationship between foreign trade and FDI by the data of foreign trade and FDI of marginal industry. The conclusion is that FDI plays an important role in boosting trade.FDI of marginal industry could optimize the structure of export trade, also alter the export goods’strucure, and transfer national trade surplus by investments from developing countries and regions. The argumentation is that FDI of Marginal industry could expand the scale of foreign trade, optimize the structure of export trade and transfer trade surplus partly.To expand the trade effect of FDI of marginal industry, policy system for promoting the trade effect of FDI of marginal industry should be established, and investment to developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America should be strengthened . Meanwhile, we should pay attention to the impact of industry associations.
在国际产业转移和我国产业结构升级的背景下,客观的分析边际产业对外直接投资的贸易效应,以及如何扩大这种贸易效应是本文的重点。首先在明确选题背景和意义,对相关文献回顾的基础上,阐述了现阶段我国边际产业对外贸易和对外直接投资的基本状况。在进一步探讨边际产业对外直接投资贸易效应时,分别从贸易规模、贸易结构和贸易顺差转移三个方面全面深入的分析边际产业对外投资对贸易产生的效应。指出边际产业在对外投资过程中,通过建立海外营销网络、搜集市场信息、规避贸易壁垒以及学习发达国家先进技术等方式直接或间接的扩大我国对外贸易规模,同时,利用边际产业对外贸易和对外直接投资数据,通过回归分析得出,边际产业对外直接投资对出口贸易存在一定的拉动作用;边际产业对外直接投资可以优化我国出口商品结构,也可以通过优化产业结构间接改变出口商品结构,此外,在一些发展中国家和地区投资,还可以转移我国贸易顺差。通过上述分析,本文认为边际产业对外直接投资可以扩大对外贸易规模、优化出口贸易结构,同时可以部分转移我国贸易顺差。最后,指出要扩大边际产业对外直接投资贸易效应,必须构建促进边际产业对外直接投资的政策支持体系,同时也应该加强对亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲等发展中国家和地区投资,还应注意发挥行业协会的作用。
With the new change in international economic pattern, Foreign direct investment has become one of the most important and active factors in promoting development of countries’economy in the world, developing countries’FDI has form a phenomenon which could not be ignored in the international economic relationship. The research of developing countries’FDI already has became the forefront and hotpoint of theory. After proposed the "going out" strategy, especially in recent years, China enterprises’FDI has developed rapidly, FDI plays an important role on China's foreign trade and development of national economy. FDI’s complementary impact to our export is more than substituting function to export in a lot of the research literature. However, is the complementary impact or substituting function to specific industry between FDI and trade? Which influence will have to the adjustment and upgrading of domestic industrial structure? This paper takes research that trade effects of FDI from the perspective of Marginal Industry, and finds the principle and final result which FDI of Marginal Industry changes the trade volume,trade structural and surplus transfer.
At the background of international industrial transfer and upgrading of industrial structure in China, the main point of this paper is analyizing trade effects of FDI to marginal industry objective and how to expand trade effect. At first, thesis defines the background and meaning,based on review of theory between trade and investment ,this paper focuses on the basic situation of foreign trade and FDI of marginal industry at present in China . During discuss the trade effect of FDI of marginal industry in China, this paper deeply analyzes the effect from trade scale, trade structure and trade surplus transfer. In the process of FDI of marginal industry, expanding the trade scale directly and indirectly through establishing overseas marketing networks, collecting market information, avoiding trade barriers and learning the advanced technology from developed countries. At the same time, the paper analyzes the relationship between foreign trade and FDI by the data of foreign trade and FDI of marginal industry. The conclusion is that FDI plays an important role in boosting trade.FDI of marginal industry could optimize the structure of export trade, also alter the export goods’strucure, and transfer national trade surplus by investments from developing countries and regions. The argumentation is that FDI of Marginal industry could expand the scale of foreign trade, optimize the structure of export trade and transfer trade surplus partly.To expand the trade effect of FDI of marginal industry, policy system for promoting the trade effect of FDI of marginal industry should be established, and investment to developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America should be strengthened . Meanwhile, we should pay attention to the impact of industry associations.
引文
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1周新生.中国对外直接投资的边际产业选择.《国际贸易》.2009.3. P62—66.
1陈发平.中国对外直接投资的母国贸易效应研究.苏洲大学硕士学位论文.2007.
2窦建华.我国对外直接投资与对外贸易的关系探析.《内蒙古财经学院学报》.2005.1. P108—112.
1靳峰.虚拟经济和实体经济相关性问题研究.《大众商务》.2010.2.P76—76.
1陈发平.中国对外直接投资的母国贸易效应研究.苏洲大学硕士学位论文.2007.
1汪琦.对外直接投资对投资国的产业结构调整效应及其传导机制.《国际贸易问题》.2004.5. P73—77.
1韩琪、赵雪. FDI对中国外贸顺差影响的三大效应分析.《国际贸易》.2008.8. P13—15.
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[24]杨雅婷.中国对外直接投资的贸易效应研究.上海外国语大学硕士学位论文.2009.
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1赵春明、焦军普.当代国际贸易与国际直接投资的交叉发展趋势.《北京师范大学学报》(社会科学版).2003.2. P34—40.
1周新生.中国对外直接投资的边际产业选择.《国际贸易》.2009.3. P62—66.
1陈发平.中国对外直接投资的母国贸易效应研究.苏洲大学硕士学位论文.2007.
2窦建华.我国对外直接投资与对外贸易的关系探析.《内蒙古财经学院学报》.2005.1. P108—112.
1靳峰.虚拟经济和实体经济相关性问题研究.《大众商务》.2010.2.P76—76.
1陈发平.中国对外直接投资的母国贸易效应研究.苏洲大学硕士学位论文.2007.
1汪琦.对外直接投资对投资国的产业结构调整效应及其传导机制.《国际贸易问题》.2004.5. P73—77.
1韩琪、赵雪. FDI对中国外贸顺差影响的三大效应分析.《国际贸易》.2008.8. P13—15.
[1]朱延珺.外国直接投资的贸易效应研究.北京:人民出版社,2006.
[2]项本武.中国对外直接投资:决定因素与经济效应的实证研究.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[3]张二震、马野青、方勇.贸易投资一体化与中国的战略.北京:人民出版社,2004.
[4]孙建中.资本国际化运营——中国对外直接投资发展研究.北京:经济科学出版社,2000.
[5]刑建国.贸易与投资战略整合研究.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2007.
[6]邓洪波.中国企业“走出去”的产业分析.北京:人民出版社,2004.
[7]刘红忠.中国对外直接投资的实证研究及国际比较.上海:复旦大学出版社,2001.
[8]李东阳.国际直接投资与经济发展.北京:经济科学出版社,2002.
[9]李桂芳.中国企业对外直接投资分析报告.北京:中国经济出版社,2007.
[10]杨大楷.中国企业对外直接投资研究.上海:立信会计出版社,2006.
[11]聂名华.中国境外直接投资研究.上海:百家出版社,2001.
[12]小岛清.对外贸易论.周宝廉.天津:南开大学出版社,1987.
[13]保罗·克鲁格曼.战略性贸易政策与新国际经济学.海闻.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2000.
[14]朱延珺.兰州商学院学报.《外国直接投资的贸易效应:文献述评》.2004.2.P9—20.
[15]项本武.对外直接投资的贸易效应研究-基于中国经验的实证分析.《中南财经政法大学学报》.2006.3.
[16]赵春明、焦军普.当代国际贸易与国际直接投资的交叉发展趋势.《北京师范大学学报》(社会科学版).2003.2. P34—40.
[17]周新生.中国对外直接投资的边际产业选择.《国际贸易》.2009.3. P62—66.
[18]蔡锐、刘泉.中国的国际直接投资是与贸易是互补的吗?——基于小岛清“边际产业理论”的实证分析.《世界经济研究》.2004.8.
[19]陈发平.中国对外直接投资的母国贸易效应研究.苏洲大学硕士学位论文.2007.
[20]张如庆.中国对外直接投资与对外贸易的关系分析.《世界经济研究》.2005.3.
[21]窦建华.我国对外直接投资与对外贸易的关系探析.《内蒙古财经学院学报》.2005.1. P108—112.
[22]项本武.中国对外直接投资的现状分析与对策研究.《湖北行政学院学报》.2006.4.
[23]靳峰.虚拟经济和实体经济相关性问题研究.《大众商务》.2010.2. P76—76.
[24]杨雅婷.中国对外直接投资的贸易效应研究.上海外国语大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[25]王晓红.边际产业扩张论对中国企业跨国经营的启示.《价值工程》.2007.10.
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