京杭大运河标志性景观设计研究
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摘要
京杭大运河发轫于春秋,在隋代全线贯通形成基本格局,元代达到繁盛,经明清进一步完善和政治开创了大运河新的辉煌。大运河经历2500多年的历史沧桑变幻,绵延华夏大地一千公里,流经京、津、冀、鲁、苏、浙四省二市18个城市,沟通了淮河、黄河、长江、海河和钱塘江五大自西向东的自然水域,构筑了华夏大地纵横南北延续东西的水上航运网。京杭大运河畅通的航运条件承担着历代王朝的漕运任务,是维系帝国命脉的生命线,维护民族团结和融合,促进城市文化和经济的交流,是国家对外文化贸易交流的桥梁,同时也是一条生态廊道。
京杭大运河以其丰富变化的自然景观、人文景观、历史景观,构筑了一幅绚烂夺目的美丽画卷,展开画卷,跃然画面的便是引人入胜的运河文化,多姿多彩的风俗民情,丰富精美的饮食文化,经久不衰的音乐戏曲,灿烂辉煌的诗文小说,精巧美观的工艺美术,意蕴隽永的建筑艺术,无不述说着运河文化的博大和浓厚。大运河是一条纽带,连接着运河沿岸的城镇,大运河上船樯穿梭,商贾走卒往来不绝,铺市林立,货物山积,古桥纵横,民居毗邻,彰显着运河的繁忙胜景。
大运河如今盛景虽不能与往昔相比,然大运河深厚的文化底蕴和历史遗存依旧影响着城市的发展和建设,大运河影响城市空间和形态,是营造城市景观重要的元素,主导着城市的形象,增强了城市可读性。因此,大运河景观的开发和设计受到众多运河城市的关注,各大城市纷纷依托运河,打造独具地域特色的运河景观,满足市民需求并成为吸引四方旅客的重要景观。本文笔者研究了运河发展历史,深入挖掘了运河文化,总结分析了国内外滨水景观建设相关理论和实践,并亲身调研,在了解运河沿岸城市现状的基础上,以大运河标志性景观为研究对象,分析了大运河标志性景观的主要构成要素,探讨了运河标志性景观设计的原则和设计手法,力求塑造有空间秩序感、蕴含运河文化、活跃有活力的城市景观空间。
本文共分为四个部分,第一章为绪论,提出了全文研究的目的和研究对象,并界定了研究对象的概念,对以往的研究成果做了总结综述,提出了研究的方法和框架;第二章集中讲述了京杭大运河的历史变迁,深入研究了运河丰富的文化,概括了运河的功能;第三章分析了运河对城市多个方面的影响,总结了运河与城市的空间关系并研究了运河沿岸城市独特地缘文化和景观风貌,总结各地遗存类型得出运河标志性景观的构成因素。第四章结合实例详细的阐述了运河标志性景观构成要素的各个方面,深入探讨了运河标志性景观设计的原则和手法,对以后运河景观设计有借鉴的作用。
Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal originates from spring and autumn period, in Sui dynasties which it forms the basic pattern, also it become the best state in Yuan dynasty, with further improvement and realignment the Grand Canal produces a new brilliancy in Ming Qing period. During the 2500 years of the vicissitudes of life change, the Grand Canal, more than a thousand miles, flows through six provinces and cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Suzhou, Zhejiang four provinces and two cities, connecting five natural rivers from west to east of Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe, Yangtze River and Qiantang lake, as well, the Grand Canal builds upon a net by the continuation of the water. Because of the opening shipping conditions the Grand Canal sustains the transportation of the grain and goods, and it is a lifeline to each dynasty, which to maintain national unity and promote urban cultural and economic exchanging, also the Grand Canal is a bridge of the country's foreign trade and cultural communication, and it is also one of the ecological buildings.
Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal has rich in natural scenery and cultural, historical view, these form a high and brilliantly beautiful painting. Opening the scroll of this painting, it displays the absorbing canal culture, colorful ropes, rich and exquisite food culture, evergreen music and drama, exquisite beauty of the arts and crafts, exquisite beauty of the arts and crafts, these all express the open and lively culture of the Grand Canal. As the same as a bond, the Grand Canal permeates with boats, merchants, shops and markets, cargo, bridges, dwelling houses, highlighting the busyness the scenery of busyness.
Now the Grand Canal can not compare to yesterday times, however, the deep cultural and history still affect the city's development and construction of urban space. The Grand Canal influences shape and urban space, which are important element in the city, what’s more, it dominants the image and readability of the cities. Consequently, the big cities concern the landscape design and development of the Grand Canal, in order to build a distinctive feature of the canal area and to meet public demands and to attract passers.
Based on the history and the status quo of the Grand Canal, this thesis dug the culture and function of the Grand Canal, also it analyzed the relationship between the Grand Canal and city. Through the investigation and analysis, the symbol landscapes of the Grand Canal should be consisted of five factors: riverbank, industrial landscape, architecture, residence and street, garden and park. In addition, this thesis analyzes the design principles and sleights of symbol landscapes as to provide reference for the landscape design of the Grand Canal.
This thesis is divided into four parts, the first chapter is introduction, which brings forward the purposes and research objects of the research, and defines the concept of the research sums up review study also brings forward the methods and frameworks;the second chapter, focus on the hang of the Grand Canal’s historical changes, and the rich culture as same as the function of the canal;the third chapter analyses that the Grand Canal is a side effect of the city, also summarizes the relationships between the Grand Canal and cities. Moreover, this chapter studies the coastal cities beyond the Grand Canal in the unique geography and culture landscape, and sums up the remains of the canal to form a combination of the Grand Canal’s symbolic landscapes factors; the fourth chapter combines examples to explain in detail the elements of the Grand Canal’s symbolic landscapes factors, therefore it deeply discusses the design principles and methods to provide practices for future design of the canal landscape design.
京杭大运河以其丰富变化的自然景观、人文景观、历史景观,构筑了一幅绚烂夺目的美丽画卷,展开画卷,跃然画面的便是引人入胜的运河文化,多姿多彩的风俗民情,丰富精美的饮食文化,经久不衰的音乐戏曲,灿烂辉煌的诗文小说,精巧美观的工艺美术,意蕴隽永的建筑艺术,无不述说着运河文化的博大和浓厚。大运河是一条纽带,连接着运河沿岸的城镇,大运河上船樯穿梭,商贾走卒往来不绝,铺市林立,货物山积,古桥纵横,民居毗邻,彰显着运河的繁忙胜景。
大运河如今盛景虽不能与往昔相比,然大运河深厚的文化底蕴和历史遗存依旧影响着城市的发展和建设,大运河影响城市空间和形态,是营造城市景观重要的元素,主导着城市的形象,增强了城市可读性。因此,大运河景观的开发和设计受到众多运河城市的关注,各大城市纷纷依托运河,打造独具地域特色的运河景观,满足市民需求并成为吸引四方旅客的重要景观。本文笔者研究了运河发展历史,深入挖掘了运河文化,总结分析了国内外滨水景观建设相关理论和实践,并亲身调研,在了解运河沿岸城市现状的基础上,以大运河标志性景观为研究对象,分析了大运河标志性景观的主要构成要素,探讨了运河标志性景观设计的原则和设计手法,力求塑造有空间秩序感、蕴含运河文化、活跃有活力的城市景观空间。
本文共分为四个部分,第一章为绪论,提出了全文研究的目的和研究对象,并界定了研究对象的概念,对以往的研究成果做了总结综述,提出了研究的方法和框架;第二章集中讲述了京杭大运河的历史变迁,深入研究了运河丰富的文化,概括了运河的功能;第三章分析了运河对城市多个方面的影响,总结了运河与城市的空间关系并研究了运河沿岸城市独特地缘文化和景观风貌,总结各地遗存类型得出运河标志性景观的构成因素。第四章结合实例详细的阐述了运河标志性景观构成要素的各个方面,深入探讨了运河标志性景观设计的原则和手法,对以后运河景观设计有借鉴的作用。
Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal originates from spring and autumn period, in Sui dynasties which it forms the basic pattern, also it become the best state in Yuan dynasty, with further improvement and realignment the Grand Canal produces a new brilliancy in Ming Qing period. During the 2500 years of the vicissitudes of life change, the Grand Canal, more than a thousand miles, flows through six provinces and cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Suzhou, Zhejiang four provinces and two cities, connecting five natural rivers from west to east of Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe, Yangtze River and Qiantang lake, as well, the Grand Canal builds upon a net by the continuation of the water. Because of the opening shipping conditions the Grand Canal sustains the transportation of the grain and goods, and it is a lifeline to each dynasty, which to maintain national unity and promote urban cultural and economic exchanging, also the Grand Canal is a bridge of the country's foreign trade and cultural communication, and it is also one of the ecological buildings.
Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal has rich in natural scenery and cultural, historical view, these form a high and brilliantly beautiful painting. Opening the scroll of this painting, it displays the absorbing canal culture, colorful ropes, rich and exquisite food culture, evergreen music and drama, exquisite beauty of the arts and crafts, exquisite beauty of the arts and crafts, these all express the open and lively culture of the Grand Canal. As the same as a bond, the Grand Canal permeates with boats, merchants, shops and markets, cargo, bridges, dwelling houses, highlighting the busyness the scenery of busyness.
Now the Grand Canal can not compare to yesterday times, however, the deep cultural and history still affect the city's development and construction of urban space. The Grand Canal influences shape and urban space, which are important element in the city, what’s more, it dominants the image and readability of the cities. Consequently, the big cities concern the landscape design and development of the Grand Canal, in order to build a distinctive feature of the canal area and to meet public demands and to attract passers.
Based on the history and the status quo of the Grand Canal, this thesis dug the culture and function of the Grand Canal, also it analyzed the relationship between the Grand Canal and city. Through the investigation and analysis, the symbol landscapes of the Grand Canal should be consisted of five factors: riverbank, industrial landscape, architecture, residence and street, garden and park. In addition, this thesis analyzes the design principles and sleights of symbol landscapes as to provide reference for the landscape design of the Grand Canal.
This thesis is divided into four parts, the first chapter is introduction, which brings forward the purposes and research objects of the research, and defines the concept of the research sums up review study also brings forward the methods and frameworks;the second chapter, focus on the hang of the Grand Canal’s historical changes, and the rich culture as same as the function of the canal;the third chapter analyses that the Grand Canal is a side effect of the city, also summarizes the relationships between the Grand Canal and cities. Moreover, this chapter studies the coastal cities beyond the Grand Canal in the unique geography and culture landscape, and sums up the remains of the canal to form a combination of the Grand Canal’s symbolic landscapes factors; the fourth chapter combines examples to explain in detail the elements of the Grand Canal’s symbolic landscapes factors, therefore it deeply discusses the design principles and methods to provide practices for future design of the canal landscape design.
引文
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[2] .清朝经市文编》卷47,徐惺:《清改运法疏》
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[21].李琳,城市滨水地带亲水空间规划设计研究[D],武汉:武汉大学,2005
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12章用秀.天津的园林古迹[M].天津:天津古籍出版社,2004
21阮超毅.京杭大运河江苏段标志性景观设计研究【D】.南京林业大学,2007.
22吕然.城市河道景观设计研究【D】.西南交通大学,2009.
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[2] .清朝经市文编》卷47,徐惺:《清改运法疏》
[3] .中国通史》卷10,中古时代·清时期(上册)
[4] .元史·郭守敬传》,中华书局标点本
[5] .康熙《临清州志》卷之四,《艺文志二》。
[6] .乾隆《德州志》卷十二,《艺文》
[7].刘滨谊,现代景观规划设计[M],南京:东南大学出版社,1999
[8].李德华,城市规划原理[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[9]. (美)凯文·林奇著,方益萍,何晓军译,城市意象[M],北京:华夏出版社,2001
[10] .约瑟夫·马·萨拉,城市元素[M],周荃译,大连:大连理工大学出社,2001
[11] .弗朗西斯科·阿森西奥·切沃,景观元素[M],陈静译,云南:百通团云南科技出版社,2002
[12] .吴家弊.环境设计史纲(M).重庆:重庆大学出版社,2002,(9)
[13] .章用秀,天津的园林古迹[M],天津:天津古籍出版社,2004
[14].王建国著,城市设计[M],南京:东南大学出版社,2004.8第2版
[15].董文虎等著,《京杭大运河的历史与未来》[M],北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008
[16].稽果煌著,《中国三千年运河史》[M],北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2008学位论文
[17].陈敏,城市滨水区绿化景观设计[D],西南农业大学硕士论文汇,2004
[18].周杰,滨水区休闲空间规划设计研究[D],东南人学硕士论文,2004
[19].曾茂薇,城市滨水区景观规划设计研究[D],中央美术学院学位论文,2004
[20].韩晓,论明代山东运河城镇的发展与功能变迁[D],南京师范大学, 2004
[21].李琳,城市滨水地带亲水空间规划设计研究[D],武汉:武汉大学,2005
[22].曹仁勇,京杭大运河江苏段沿线城市滨水空间景观标识系统规划研究[D],南京林业大学, 2007
[23].阮超毅,京杭大运河江苏段标志性景观设计研究[D],南京林业大学,2007
[24].游小文,城市滨水区休闲空间规划研究[D],同济大学,2007
[25].李慧,济宁运河两岸滨水公共空间研究[D],天津大学,2008
[26].吕然,城市河道景观设计研究[D],西南交通大学,2009期刊
[27].郭红雨,城市滨水景观设计研究[J],华中建筑,1998,16
[28].俞孔坚,论景观概念及其研究的发展[J],北京林业大学学报,1987,04
[29].孙鹏,王志芳,遵从自然的城市河流和滨水景观设计[J],城市规划,2000,09期刊:
[30].张庭伟,滨水地区的规划和开发[J],城市规划,1999,01
[31].龚维超,城市滨水区空间环境设计与城市功能[J],武汉城市建设学院学报,2001,18
[32].陈德雄,文化·空间·生态·载体滨水地区城市设计的四大要素[J],规划师,2002,18
[33].罗卿平,张召,自然水域与城市空间的双向渗透一丽水市滨江景观带设计启示[J],新建筑,2004,02
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