巴音河山前冲洪积平原地下水资源开发利用研究
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摘要
德令哈地处柴达木盆地的东南缘,是国家能源化工柴达木基地的重要组成部分。近年来随着区内经济的快速发展,对水资源的需求急剧增加,已经造成部分地段的地下水位下降,下游部分泉水干涸,局部土地沙化,沙地活化等生态环境问题。因此,对干旱半干旱地区地下水资源的合理开发利用和生态环境保护对地区国民经济的发展具有重要的现实意义。
本文在分析研究已有资料的基础上,通过对研究区地质、水文地质条件的分析,结合野外重点路线考察及相关的地面调查工作,认为地下水的形成与分布主要受控于构造运动及沉积环境。北部山区的地(表)下水涵养区和发源地,盆地则是地(表)下水的汇集中心。
通过对研究区地下水开发利用现状的研究,分析了地下水开发利用的趋势及其对环境的影响；通过对研究区地下水开发利用历史的研究,分析了水资源开发过程中泉集河、地面蒸发等的演变过程,为定量研究水资源开发利用及其环境影响等提供了依据。
通过水文地质分析方法和地下水流系统的研究,建立了研究区的水文地质概念模型和数学模型,利用Processing Modflow Pro地下水流数值模拟软件进行数值分析,根据抽水试验资料对地下水流数值模型进行识别和校验。根据建立的地下水流数值模型,对水源地的各种开采方案进行了预测分析,研究了水源地开采的不同方式及其对周围环境的影响,确定了水源地的合理开发利用程度和允许开采量。
本文建立了研究区地下水流数值模拟模型,以研究水源地不同开采方式的发展趋势以及水源地开采对下游泉水流量及地面蒸发量的影响,研究成果对该地区地下水资源合理开发利用及生态环境保护具有借鉴意义,为当地社会经济的发展、水资源和生态环境的协调积累了经验和提供参考模式。
Delingha is the important component part of China's Industry Energy Base in Caidamu city which located in the southeast area of Chaidamu basin in Qinghai province. With the rapid economic development in recent years, the demand for water resources sharply increased, which has caused many ecological environment problem like the groundwater level drops, large spring outcrop fallback, land sandification, and the area of oasis gradually deflating, activated local sandy land. Therefore, the study on environment effects caused by the interaction in exploitation of groundwater sources and protection of the ecological environment, as well as regional and national economic development.
On the basis of the analysis and study of the geology and hydrogeology of the studied area, the geophysical and surface mapping methods were used in the key area, it is believed the formation and distribution of groundwater in the area are mainly controlled by neo-tectonics and deposition environment since Cenozoic. The northern mountain is the source area of groundwater and surface water.The basin areas is the collection center of groundwater and surface water.
Through the arid inland Northwest region and the Delingha Basin,the ecological vegetation has been cstablished through analysed the vegetation development and the groundwater level depth in this area。
Using hydrogeology analysis methods and analysis of groundwater flow system established regional hydrogeological conceptual and mathematical models, annumerical analysis of these models are made with the aid of processing Modflow Pro groundwater flow simulation software, based on exploitation-scale pumping test data, the identification and validation of this model are worked out.Based on the numerical model of speepage system of groundwater, the dynamic response of every water resources exploration plan have been predicted and analysed,and studied the mutual influence as well as to the environment influence in this Water-source field, and at last, the reasonable development degree and permission yield were obtained.
This is the study to establish the numerical model of seepage systerm of groundwater to study the mutual exploitation of Water-sourece fild and impacts on the ecological environment, an sustainable exploitation mode on utilization of groundwater was proposed, research results have reference value for the groundwater resources development and the ecological environmental protection in Delingha area, and provide reference model and experiences for socio-economic, ecological and environmental development in Delingha areas.
本文在分析研究已有资料的基础上,通过对研究区地质、水文地质条件的分析,结合野外重点路线考察及相关的地面调查工作,认为地下水的形成与分布主要受控于构造运动及沉积环境。北部山区的地(表)下水涵养区和发源地,盆地则是地(表)下水的汇集中心。
通过对研究区地下水开发利用现状的研究,分析了地下水开发利用的趋势及其对环境的影响；通过对研究区地下水开发利用历史的研究,分析了水资源开发过程中泉集河、地面蒸发等的演变过程,为定量研究水资源开发利用及其环境影响等提供了依据。
通过水文地质分析方法和地下水流系统的研究,建立了研究区的水文地质概念模型和数学模型,利用Processing Modflow Pro地下水流数值模拟软件进行数值分析,根据抽水试验资料对地下水流数值模型进行识别和校验。根据建立的地下水流数值模型,对水源地的各种开采方案进行了预测分析,研究了水源地开采的不同方式及其对周围环境的影响,确定了水源地的合理开发利用程度和允许开采量。
本文建立了研究区地下水流数值模拟模型,以研究水源地不同开采方式的发展趋势以及水源地开采对下游泉水流量及地面蒸发量的影响,研究成果对该地区地下水资源合理开发利用及生态环境保护具有借鉴意义,为当地社会经济的发展、水资源和生态环境的协调积累了经验和提供参考模式。
Delingha is the important component part of China's Industry Energy Base in Caidamu city which located in the southeast area of Chaidamu basin in Qinghai province. With the rapid economic development in recent years, the demand for water resources sharply increased, which has caused many ecological environment problem like the groundwater level drops, large spring outcrop fallback, land sandification, and the area of oasis gradually deflating, activated local sandy land. Therefore, the study on environment effects caused by the interaction in exploitation of groundwater sources and protection of the ecological environment, as well as regional and national economic development.
On the basis of the analysis and study of the geology and hydrogeology of the studied area, the geophysical and surface mapping methods were used in the key area, it is believed the formation and distribution of groundwater in the area are mainly controlled by neo-tectonics and deposition environment since Cenozoic. The northern mountain is the source area of groundwater and surface water.The basin areas is the collection center of groundwater and surface water.
Through the arid inland Northwest region and the Delingha Basin,the ecological vegetation has been cstablished through analysed the vegetation development and the groundwater level depth in this area。
Using hydrogeology analysis methods and analysis of groundwater flow system established regional hydrogeological conceptual and mathematical models, annumerical analysis of these models are made with the aid of processing Modflow Pro groundwater flow simulation software, based on exploitation-scale pumping test data, the identification and validation of this model are worked out.Based on the numerical model of speepage system of groundwater, the dynamic response of every water resources exploration plan have been predicted and analysed,and studied the mutual influence as well as to the environment influence in this Water-source field, and at last, the reasonable development degree and permission yield were obtained.
This is the study to establish the numerical model of seepage systerm of groundwater to study the mutual exploitation of Water-sourece fild and impacts on the ecological environment, an sustainable exploitation mode on utilization of groundwater was proposed, research results have reference value for the groundwater resources development and the ecological environmental protection in Delingha area, and provide reference model and experiences for socio-economic, ecological and environmental development in Delingha areas.
引文
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[5]郭占荣,曲焕林,崔小东等.天津市地面沉降数值模拟研究[J].地球学报,1998,19(4)：415-422.
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[22]Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd. Environmental water requirements to maintain groundwater dependent ecosystems[M].Environment Australia, Canberra ACT2601,2001.
[23]孙晓明.环渤海地区地下水资源可持续利用研究[D].2007,4.
[24]Sophocleous M. From safe yield to sustainable development of water resources:the Kansas experience[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2000,235:27-43.
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[27]祝晓彬.地下水流模拟系统(GMS)软件[J].水文地质工程地质,2003(5)：53-55.
[28]吴剑锋,朱学愚.由MODFLOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势[J].工程勘察,2000(2)：12-15.
[29]丁继红,周德亮.国外地下水模拟软件的发展现状与趋势[J].勘察科学技术,2002(2)：37-42.
[30]吴剑锋,朱学愚,阎婷婷.运用ModIME模拟潜水含水层应注意的问题[J].工程勘察,2002(2)：17-19.
[31]周念清,朱蓉,朱学愚MODFLOW在宿迁市地下水资源评价中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2000,27(6)：9-13；
[32]武强,董东林等.水资源评价的可视化专业软件(Visual Modflow)与应用潜力[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,26(5)：21-23.
[33]PortniaguineO, Solomon D K.Parameter estimation using groundwater age and head data, Cope Cod, Massachusetts[J].Water Resour Res,1998,34:637-645.
[34]JosULuis ArunmV.Modeling the effects of agricultural management practices on groundwater quality[D].University of Nebraska,2000.
[35]范锡朋.西北内陆平原区水资源开发引起的区域水文效应及其对环境的影响[J].地理学报,1991,46(4)：26.
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[37]刑振纲,张继红.天津市地下水利用中的环境问题及其对策[J].城市环境与城市生态.1995,12(6)：1-4.
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[2]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴——2003[M].北京中国统计出版社,2003,9,1.
[3]T.R.Shearer.A numerical model to calculate land subsidence,applied at Hangu in China[J].Egineering Geolog,1998,49(2):85-93.
[4]R.L.Hu, S.J.Wang, C.F.Lee,etal.Characteristics and trends of land subsidence in Tanggu,Tianjin,China[J].Belletin Engineering Geology Environment,2002,61:213-225.
[5]郭占荣,曲焕林,崔小东等.天津市地面沉降数值模拟研究[J].地球学报,1998,19(4)：415-422.
[6]吴铁均,崔小东等.天津市地面沉降研究及综合治理[J].水文地质工程地质,1998,5：17-20.
[7]沈建萍.唐山市水资源开发利用现状及对策[J].河北水利,2005,11：13-14.
[8]李世雄,李守定等.河北平原地裂缝分布特征及成因机制研究[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(02)：178-183.
[9]武强,金玉洁.大连大魏家岩溶地下水系统海水入侵机理与对策[J].工程地质学报,1994,5(1)：64-68.
[10]Yuqun Xue,Chunhong Xie,Jichun Wu, et al.Athree-dimendional miscible transport modelfor seawater intrusion in China[J].Water Resources Research,1995,31(4):903-912.
[11]薛禹群,谢春红,吴吉春等.龙口-莱州湾地区海水入侵含水层三维数值模拟[J].水利学报,1993,(11)：20-32.
[12]安洪声,王成.秦黄岛市海水入侵现状及机理浅析[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2003,(1)：16-19.
[13]成建梅,陈崇希,吉孟瑞等.山东烟台夹河中、下游地区海水入侵三维数值模拟研究[J].地学前缘,2003,8(1)：179-184.
[14]姜丽娟,赵连才,代任君.辽宁省地下水环境质量评价与水质污染防治[J].地质与资源,2001,10(3)：176-179.
[15]李洪海.试论山东地下水污染的类型及防治途径[J].地下水,2002,24(2)：87-88.
[16]贾艳杰,张华兵,王媛.天津可持续发展的水资源约束与对策[J].地质与资源,2003,16(1)：76-78.
[17]Bridget R Scanlon, Healy R W, Cook P G. Choosing appropriate techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge[J].Hydrogeology Journal.2002,10(1):18-39.
[18]Glenn A Harrington, Glen R Walker, Andrew J Love, et al.A compartmental mixing cell approach for the quantitative assessment of groundwater dynamics in the Otway Basin, South Australia[J].Journal of Hydrology,1999,214:49-63.
[19]Frans R P, Kalf D R, Woolley.Applicability and methodology of determining sustainable yield in groundwater systems[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2005,13(2):295-321.
[20]Brown L J, Dravid P N, Hudson N A, Taylor C B.Sustainable groundwater resources, Heretaunga Plains, Hawke's Bay New Zealand[J].Hydrogeology Journal,1999, (7):440-543.
[21]Hugo A L Waiciga, Roy B Leipnik. Theory of Sustainable Groundwater Management:a uiban case study[J].Urban Water,2001, (3):217-228.
[22]Sinclair Knight Merz Pty Ltd. Environmental water requirements to maintain groundwater dependent ecosystems[M].Environment Australia, Canberra ACT2601,2001.
[23]孙晓明.环渤海地区地下水资源可持续利用研究[D].2007,4.
[24]Sophocleous M. From safe yield to sustainable development of water resources:the Kansas experience[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2000,235:27-43.
[25]陈梦熊.中国水文地质工程地质事业的发展与成就[M].北京地震出版社,2003.
[26]王金生,王长坤,藤彦国.地下水可持续开采量评价方法综述[J].水利学报,37(5)：525-533.
[27]祝晓彬.地下水流模拟系统(GMS)软件[J].水文地质工程地质,2003(5)：53-55.
[28]吴剑锋,朱学愚.由MODFLOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势[J].工程勘察,2000(2)：12-15.
[29]丁继红,周德亮.国外地下水模拟软件的发展现状与趋势[J].勘察科学技术,2002(2)：37-42.
[30]吴剑锋,朱学愚,阎婷婷.运用ModIME模拟潜水含水层应注意的问题[J].工程勘察,2002(2)：17-19.
[31]周念清,朱蓉,朱学愚MODFLOW在宿迁市地下水资源评价中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2000,27(6)：9-13；
[32]武强,董东林等.水资源评价的可视化专业软件(Visual Modflow)与应用潜力[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,26(5)：21-23.
[33]PortniaguineO, Solomon D K.Parameter estimation using groundwater age and head data, Cope Cod, Massachusetts[J].Water Resour Res,1998,34:637-645.
[34]JosULuis ArunmV.Modeling the effects of agricultural management practices on groundwater quality[D].University of Nebraska,2000.
[35]范锡朋.西北内陆平原区水资源开发引起的区域水文效应及其对环境的影响[J].地理学报,1991,46(4)：26.
[36]曲耀光,马世敏.甘肃河西走廊地区的水与绿洲[J].干旱区资源与环境,1995,9(3)：94-99；
[37]刑振纲,张继红.天津市地下水利用中的环境问题及其对策[J].城市环境与城市生态.1995,12(6)：1-4.
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