高铜对雏鸭免疫功能影响的机理研究
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摘要
本文选用一日龄天府肉鸭360只，随机分为6组，分别喂对照日粮(Cu 8mg／kg)和高铜日粮(Cu 100mg／kgⅠ，Cu 200mg／kgⅡ，Cu 400mg／kgⅢ，Cu 600mg／kgⅣ，Cu 800mg／kgⅤ)六周，以实验病理学和流式细胞术的方法研究日粮铜添加水平对雏鸭免疫功能的影响。结果表明：日粮铜含量为100mg／kg、200mg／kg时，雏鸭免疫器官发育明显快于对照组(P＜005，P＜0.01)；当日粮铜含量超过400mg／kg时，雏鸭免疫器官发育滞后于对照组(P＜0.05，P＜0.01)．病理形态学观察发现：高铜Ⅰ、Ⅱ组雏鸭胸腺、法氏囊及脾脏与对照组相比无显著变化，从试验3周起，高铜Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组則表现不同程度的病理损伤，表现为胸腺小叶髓质淋巴细胞减少，网状细胞增生，胸腺小体数量增多，体积增大；法氏囊淋巴滤泡髓质区扩大，皮质区变薄，淋巴细胞数量减少，排列稀疏；脾脏白髓区淋巴细胞明显减少，红髓血区见有数量不等的假嗜伊红细胞。超微结构观察，高铜Ⅰ、Ⅱ组淋巴器官与对照组比较无显著变化，高铜Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组淋巴免疫器官淋巴细胞凋亡数量与日粮中铜添加剂量呈正相关。淋巴细胞内见线粒体肿胀，核膜、內质网扩张。免疫器官的免疫功能观测结果显示：日粮中铜含量超过400mg／kg时，雏鸭免疫器官发育不良，淋巴细胞的静止期增长，增殖指数明显下降，淋巴细胞凋亡率显著增加；外周血T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率、血清中IL-2含量和免疫球蛋白含量不同程度的降低；红细胞C_3bR花环降低(P＜0.01)，IC花环率升高(P＜0.01)．研究结果表明：日粮中铜含量为100mg／kg、200mg／kg时增强雏鸭的免疫功能；当日粮中铜含量超过400mg／kg时，免疫功能受损。
360 one-day-old Tianfu ducklings were randomly divided into six groups, and fed on diets as follows: control group(Cu 8mg/kg) and high copper group (Cu 100mg/kg, high copper groupⅠ; Cu 200mg/kg, high copper groupⅡ; Cu 400mg/kg, high copper groupⅢ; Cu 600mg/kg, high copper groupⅣ; Cu 800mg/kg, high copper groupⅤ) for six weeks. The immune organs in ducklings grew faster in high copper groupsⅠandⅡ, and slower in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤ(P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Pathologically, thymus, bursa of Fabrieius and spleen had no obvious change in high copper groupsⅠandⅡwhen compared with control group. Lesions were appeared in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤ. Lymphocytes in the medulla of thymus were decreased, the increased and enlarged thymie corpuscles, and the proliferated reticular cells are also observed. Lymphoeytes were decreased and loosely arranged in the medulla of lymphoid follicle of the bursa of Fabrieius. Lymphocytes of the spleen decreased in number in the white pulp. Ultrastructurally, thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen had no obvious change in high copper groupsⅠandⅡwhen compared with control group. Quantities of apoptotic lymphatic cell increased in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤwhile copper content were increased, and the mitoehondria of lymphocytes were swelled, nuclear membrane and rough-surface endoplasmic retieulum were enlarge. Immunopathologieally, the immune organs grew slowly when dietary Cu in excess of 400mg/kg diet, the G_0/G_1 phase of cell cycle of thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen was much higher, and proliferating index (PI) was much lower, percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes increased obviously. The nonspeeific acid esterase (ANAE) positive ratio of peripheral blood lymphoeytes, the serum IL-2 and immunoglobulin contents decreased significantly. The RBC-C_3bR rate was decreased, and the RBC-IC rate increased in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤ. The results showed that dietary Cu in excess of 400mg/kg diet impaired the function of immune in ducklings.
360 one-day-old Tianfu ducklings were randomly divided into six groups, and fed on diets as follows: control group(Cu 8mg/kg) and high copper group (Cu 100mg/kg, high copper groupⅠ; Cu 200mg/kg, high copper groupⅡ; Cu 400mg/kg, high copper groupⅢ; Cu 600mg/kg, high copper groupⅣ; Cu 800mg/kg, high copper groupⅤ) for six weeks. The immune organs in ducklings grew faster in high copper groupsⅠandⅡ, and slower in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤ(P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Pathologically, thymus, bursa of Fabrieius and spleen had no obvious change in high copper groupsⅠandⅡwhen compared with control group. Lesions were appeared in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤ. Lymphocytes in the medulla of thymus were decreased, the increased and enlarged thymie corpuscles, and the proliferated reticular cells are also observed. Lymphoeytes were decreased and loosely arranged in the medulla of lymphoid follicle of the bursa of Fabrieius. Lymphocytes of the spleen decreased in number in the white pulp. Ultrastructurally, thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen had no obvious change in high copper groupsⅠandⅡwhen compared with control group. Quantities of apoptotic lymphatic cell increased in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤwhile copper content were increased, and the mitoehondria of lymphocytes were swelled, nuclear membrane and rough-surface endoplasmic retieulum were enlarge. Immunopathologieally, the immune organs grew slowly when dietary Cu in excess of 400mg/kg diet, the G_0/G_1 phase of cell cycle of thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen was much higher, and proliferating index (PI) was much lower, percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes increased obviously. The nonspeeific acid esterase (ANAE) positive ratio of peripheral blood lymphoeytes, the serum IL-2 and immunoglobulin contents decreased significantly. The RBC-C_3bR rate was decreased, and the RBC-IC rate increased in high copper groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤ. The results showed that dietary Cu in excess of 400mg/kg diet impaired the function of immune in ducklings.
引文
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2．崔恒敏．铜对免疫功能影响的研究进展[J]．动物科学与动物医学．2004，21(11)：37-39
3．崔恒敏，陈怀涛．过量的铜对雏鸭红细胞免疫功能的损害[J]．中国家禽学报，2003，7(1)：92-95
4．崔恒敏，陈怀涛，等．实验性雏鸭铜中毒症的病理学研究[J]．畜牧兽医学报，2005．36(7)：715-721
5．崔恒敏，陈怀涛．雏鸭铜中毒的试验观察．[J]中国家禽．2003，25(11)：8-10
6．柴春彦，石发庆．铜缺乏对奶牛免疫功能的影响．[J]动物科学与动物医学．2002，19(08)：25-29
7．柴春彦，石发庆．铜缺乏对乳牛自由基代谢的影响[J]中国奶牛，2002，(05)：18-20
8．柴春彦，石发庆．铜缺乏对乳牛血液抗氧化功能的影响[J]动物科学与动物医学．2002，19(04)：26-29
9．杜念兴．兽医免疫学[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，2002．
10．冯志博，王省，陈子琏．细胞凋亡调控机制的研究进展．[J]新乡医学院学报．1999，(01)：93-96
11．冯来坤，刘玉斌，王世若，等．鸡红细胞免疫功能研究：Ⅱ．某些因素对鸡红细胞C3b受体免疫黏附活性的影响[J]．兽医大学学报．1992，12(2)：156-159
12．郭峰．红细胞免疫的研究和意义．[J]自然杂志．24(5)：
13．郭峰．红细胞免疫功能初步研究．[J]中华医学杂志．1982，62(12)：715-716
14．郭峰，骆永珍，凌昌全．红细胞免疫学新探(上卷)[M]．南京：南京大学出版社，1993，93-94
15．郭峰等．血清对红细胞免疫粘附抑制作用的测定[J]．上海免疫学杂志1987，7(3)：133
16．郭芳彬．畜禽的营养与免疫[J]．饲料博览．1994(1)：19-21．
17．黄盛东，郭峰．红细胞免疫功能检测试剂的制备与使用[J]．第二军医大学学报，1995，14(4)：191-195
18．李晓军，武建国．细胞凋亡检测的研究进展及其与疾病的关系．[J]临床检验杂志．1999，(01)：50-53
19．李庆章，冯新畅．营养与鸡的免疫功能[J]．黑龙江畜牧兽医．1992(11)：39-40
20．陆怡，潘华珍，许彩民．氧化与细胞凋亡．[J]生物化学与生物物理进展．1996，(02)：118-121
21．陆怡，许彩民，等．氧化诱导人外周血淋巴细胞的观察．[J]解剖学报．1996，(04)：77-80
22．陆怡，许彩民，潘华珍．氧化诱导细胞凋亡初探．[J]解剖学报．1995，(04)：398
23．刘铁纯，微量元素锌、铜、铁与小儿免疫关系的探讨[J]．中国免疫学杂志，1989，5(5)：31
24．明学志．细胞凋亡调控及其进展．[J]国外医学．肿瘤学分册．1998，(06)：2-4
25．聂其灼，陈小慧．牛白血病病毒感染牛群外周血内酸性 α-醋酸萘酯酶阳性淋巴细胞百分率变化的研究．[J]南京农业大学学报．1985，(01)：61-66．
26．王铁恒．动物组织学与胚胎学[M]．中国人民解放军兽医大学出版社．1989，188-191．
27．吴建设，呙于明，等．日粮铜水平对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能影响的研究．[J]畜牧兽医学报．1999，30(5)：414-420
28．吴嘉惠，贺泽华，徐迪．雄缺锌对大鼠胸腺发育影响及机理探讨[J]营养学报．1998，(03)：62-65
29．徐志勇，崔恒敏，等．高铜日粮对雏鸡血清中白介素-2含量的影响[J]，中国家禽，2006，28(6)：10-12
30．杨光，崔恒敏，等．实验性雏鸡铜中毒的病理学研究．中国兽医学报．2005，35(10)：801-806
31．杨光，邓俊良，彭西，等．铜中毒对雏鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响[J]．动物营养学报．2006，(04)：18-21．
32．鱼咏涛，贺福初．细胞程序死亡与bcl—2基因．[J]生物化学与生物物理进展．1994，(06)：495-497+561
33．叶金朝．微量元素与免疫[J]．中国免疫学杂志，1987，3(5)：312-314)
34．赵德明，方文军．铜缺乏对肉鸡淋巴组织器官发育的影响[J]．中国兽医科技，1996．26(6)：13-14)．
35. Bonham, M, O'connor, JM Hammigan, BM. & Strain, JJ. The immune system as a physiological indicator of marginai copper status[J]. Br. J. Nutr.,2002,(87);393-403.
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