天津滨海新区及其附近地区21世纪中叶地表环境变化预测
|
摘要
“天津滨海新区”是国家重点发展地区,做好地质环境保护工作和趋势预测,可为今后的科学发展、和谐发展提供必要的科学依据。
本论文涉及的现代地表环境,与地表保有高程、现代沉积物加积速率、地面沉降和海面上升4个主要因素有关。以这些因素为研究对象,根据复杂的实际情况和不同的预测值,分9种方案对本世纪中叶的地表环境状况进行了预测,并针对防潮堤的高度进行了专门的预测研究。
由于地表保有高程较低,加之地面沉降的影响,预测结果显示2050年时研究区内将有相当一部分地区的地表高程低于或接近海平面、届时现有防潮堤将无法抵御50年一遇的风暴潮增水的侵袭。面对这一区域恶化的前景,本论文对上述4个影响因素分别作了研究,并以此为基础,综合分析了可能的变化趋势,进而提出了相应建议,包括天津地区现有的防潮堤应加高至+4.792m(85高程)等。
Fellowing economic booming in both the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta in the past couple of decades, now Tianjin Binhai New Area, TBNA, being integrated into the national strategic development, has been facing an unprecedented opportunity, which enbles the TBNA for the third economic booming pole in China in the coming years.
Nevertheless, TBNA coastal lowland is expriencing sea-level rise which is even greater and faster than ever before. The surficial elevation of this area is relatively lower. The modern sedimentation rate, measured by ~(210)Pb and ~(137)Cs dating, is about a mm/yr level for the coastal lowland, which totally contributed vertical accretion of 0.0642m in the past half a century. This accumulation is infinitesimal if comparing with the rate of land subsidence. Because the latter is a cm/yr level in average. All the aspects have caused environmental deterioration in the area.
Therefore, it has major significance for making prediction about the surfacice-environmental changes in the near future in order to avoid and/or minimize the deterioration mentioned above.
Particularly, the author makes quantatitive forecast for the extreme-water-level disaster during storm surges, adding on both the ground subsiding and sea level rising, as an alarm bell to avoid unnecessary pitfalls (Song Meiyu et al., 2008).
Prediction trend (T) of the surface-environmental changes in the middle of the 21st Century can use following expression: T=(A+B)-(C+D), among which A is elevation, B is thickness of modern accretion, C is subsidence while D is projections of sea level change in 2050.
The author uses three categories of ground subsiding rates: 7.1mm/yr (before human impacts), 15mm/yr (well-controlling of the subsiding in the area after human activities) and 25mm/yr (average rate in the studying area), and three categories of sea level rise projection in 2050: 0.2m (the best estimate of IPCC), 0.3m (the lowerest estimate of the State Oceanogrphic Administration) and 0.6m (the highest estimate of the State Oceanogrphic Administration).
With such scenarios, the author forecasts the surface-environmental variation of the coastal lowland as nine different trends. The results demonstrate, in general, that about half a coastal lowland in the TBNA will be sank below the msl (mean sea level) by 2050. In extreme case, the area beneath the msl will be even ettended more. For this reason, increased salinization and paludification (swamping process) will have harmful impacts on industry and agriculture, esp. for the ecological maintaining, ie. the harmonic and sustainable development. This is why ground subsidence control by minimizing of groundwater abstract must be very important.
Moreover, this thesis forecasts the disaster driven by extreme high water. According to the available statistic data the existing 1-in-50-year extreme-water-level (ewl) is +4.092m in TBNA. Following the 0.2m increasing of the projected sea level rise, Bengal Bay, London and Hamburger and the other places in the world will have 0.5m extra high water in 2050. Using such a result, the author forecasts the local ewl will be increased to +4.792m (4.092m+ 0.2m+0.5m) in TBNA in 2050.
If 0.3m increasing of the projected sea-level-rise exists, the ewl will be as high as +4.892m (4.092m+0.3m+0.5m) at least while the 0.6m increase of the projected sea level rise will increase the ewl to +5.192m (4.092m+0.6m+0.5m) at least.
Nowadays the elevation of coastal levee is discordant. The lowest is in the Trade Free area where the elevation is only +2.332m which is barely 1m higher than the MHWST. Elevation in the Nanjiang District is ca. +2.732m which is also lower. The highest elevation is +4.632m located between the Nanjiang District and Tianjin Binhai Bath leisure centre. In the sector, where both the lowest as the highest levee as well locate, has the subsiding rate ca. 18.5mm/yr and it will be sunk for ca. 0.83m (0.0185m/yr×45yr from the starting year of 2007). Following this subsidence, the lowest coastal levee in the Trade Free area will be at +1.502m and adding vertical accretion of 0.0642m, finally the top of the levee here will be +1.5662m. If sea level rise is 0.2m, it calculates that the predicted ewl will be 3.2258m (4.792m-1.5662m) higher than the subsiding top of levee in 2050. The highest levee will be sunk to +3.8662m (4.632m+0.0642m-0.83m), and the predicted ewl will be 0.9258m higher than the subsiding top of levee in 2050.
From the aforementioned descriptions, it can be seen that the elevation of whole coastal levee is low, even the highest sector-can not compete against the 1-in-50-year ewl. This scenario depicts an increasing threat of the strengthening storm spilling. This future will be deteriorated by a number of uncertain factors such as wave overlying (the average wave height is 0.6m in TBNA), the funnel effect (+1 cm/km) and the extreme sea level rise (0.3m or 0.6m, respectively), etc.
本论文涉及的现代地表环境,与地表保有高程、现代沉积物加积速率、地面沉降和海面上升4个主要因素有关。以这些因素为研究对象,根据复杂的实际情况和不同的预测值,分9种方案对本世纪中叶的地表环境状况进行了预测,并针对防潮堤的高度进行了专门的预测研究。
由于地表保有高程较低,加之地面沉降的影响,预测结果显示2050年时研究区内将有相当一部分地区的地表高程低于或接近海平面、届时现有防潮堤将无法抵御50年一遇的风暴潮增水的侵袭。面对这一区域恶化的前景,本论文对上述4个影响因素分别作了研究,并以此为基础,综合分析了可能的变化趋势,进而提出了相应建议,包括天津地区现有的防潮堤应加高至+4.792m(85高程)等。
Fellowing economic booming in both the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta in the past couple of decades, now Tianjin Binhai New Area, TBNA, being integrated into the national strategic development, has been facing an unprecedented opportunity, which enbles the TBNA for the third economic booming pole in China in the coming years.
Nevertheless, TBNA coastal lowland is expriencing sea-level rise which is even greater and faster than ever before. The surficial elevation of this area is relatively lower. The modern sedimentation rate, measured by ~(210)Pb and ~(137)Cs dating, is about a mm/yr level for the coastal lowland, which totally contributed vertical accretion of 0.0642m in the past half a century. This accumulation is infinitesimal if comparing with the rate of land subsidence. Because the latter is a cm/yr level in average. All the aspects have caused environmental deterioration in the area.
Therefore, it has major significance for making prediction about the surfacice-environmental changes in the near future in order to avoid and/or minimize the deterioration mentioned above.
Particularly, the author makes quantatitive forecast for the extreme-water-level disaster during storm surges, adding on both the ground subsiding and sea level rising, as an alarm bell to avoid unnecessary pitfalls (Song Meiyu et al., 2008).
Prediction trend (T) of the surface-environmental changes in the middle of the 21st Century can use following expression: T=(A+B)-(C+D), among which A is elevation, B is thickness of modern accretion, C is subsidence while D is projections of sea level change in 2050.
The author uses three categories of ground subsiding rates: 7.1mm/yr (before human impacts), 15mm/yr (well-controlling of the subsiding in the area after human activities) and 25mm/yr (average rate in the studying area), and three categories of sea level rise projection in 2050: 0.2m (the best estimate of IPCC), 0.3m (the lowerest estimate of the State Oceanogrphic Administration) and 0.6m (the highest estimate of the State Oceanogrphic Administration).
With such scenarios, the author forecasts the surface-environmental variation of the coastal lowland as nine different trends. The results demonstrate, in general, that about half a coastal lowland in the TBNA will be sank below the msl (mean sea level) by 2050. In extreme case, the area beneath the msl will be even ettended more. For this reason, increased salinization and paludification (swamping process) will have harmful impacts on industry and agriculture, esp. for the ecological maintaining, ie. the harmonic and sustainable development. This is why ground subsidence control by minimizing of groundwater abstract must be very important.
Moreover, this thesis forecasts the disaster driven by extreme high water. According to the available statistic data the existing 1-in-50-year extreme-water-level (ewl) is +4.092m in TBNA. Following the 0.2m increasing of the projected sea level rise, Bengal Bay, London and Hamburger and the other places in the world will have 0.5m extra high water in 2050. Using such a result, the author forecasts the local ewl will be increased to +4.792m (4.092m+ 0.2m+0.5m) in TBNA in 2050.
If 0.3m increasing of the projected sea-level-rise exists, the ewl will be as high as +4.892m (4.092m+0.3m+0.5m) at least while the 0.6m increase of the projected sea level rise will increase the ewl to +5.192m (4.092m+0.6m+0.5m) at least.
Nowadays the elevation of coastal levee is discordant. The lowest is in the Trade Free area where the elevation is only +2.332m which is barely 1m higher than the MHWST. Elevation in the Nanjiang District is ca. +2.732m which is also lower. The highest elevation is +4.632m located between the Nanjiang District and Tianjin Binhai Bath leisure centre. In the sector, where both the lowest as the highest levee as well locate, has the subsiding rate ca. 18.5mm/yr and it will be sunk for ca. 0.83m (0.0185m/yr×45yr from the starting year of 2007). Following this subsidence, the lowest coastal levee in the Trade Free area will be at +1.502m and adding vertical accretion of 0.0642m, finally the top of the levee here will be +1.5662m. If sea level rise is 0.2m, it calculates that the predicted ewl will be 3.2258m (4.792m-1.5662m) higher than the subsiding top of levee in 2050. The highest levee will be sunk to +3.8662m (4.632m+0.0642m-0.83m), and the predicted ewl will be 0.9258m higher than the subsiding top of levee in 2050.
From the aforementioned descriptions, it can be seen that the elevation of whole coastal levee is low, even the highest sector-can not compete against the 1-in-50-year ewl. This scenario depicts an increasing threat of the strengthening storm spilling. This future will be deteriorated by a number of uncertain factors such as wave overlying (the average wave height is 0.6m in TBNA), the funnel effect (+1 cm/km) and the extreme sea level rise (0.3m or 0.6m, respectively), etc.
引文
[1]MaheshaA.地表水源变化对含水层海水入侵的影响.水利水电快报,1996,17(19):17-21.
[2]班英华.北部湾风暴潮灾害分析.人民珠江,1997,(1):22-24.
[3]包澄澜.海啸及风暴潮灾害简介.东北地震研究,2005,21(2):9-15.
[4]包枫,刘波.天津市地面沉降对防潮堤的影响及损失研究.地质灾害,2007,10(9):63-65.
[5]蔡爱智,1981.渤海湾贝壳堤成因初步研究,海洋科学集刊,18,117-132.
[6]蔡爱智,蔡月娥,1985.以海成地貌和滨海沉积研究全新世的海平面和海岸线问题,中国第四纪海岸线学术讨论会论文集(中国第四纪研究委员会,中国海洋学会编),35-46.
[7]蔡志远.保护地土壤次生盐渍化的形成与防治.天津农林科技,2005,(1):24-26.
[8]蔡祖煌,马凤山.海水入侵的基本理论及其在入侵发展预测中的应用.中国地质灾害与防治学报,1996,7(3):1-9.
[9]苍树溪,薛胜吉,李铁钢.海面变化与人类环境.海洋科学,1995,(6):19-23.
[10]曹晓娟,陈明,冯鑫,李炳华.径向基人工神经网络法在土壤盐渍化调查中的应用.岩矿测试,2007,26(1):33-35.
[11]陈洪全,张忍顺.我国的海洋灾害及其防治_中学地理,2005,(4):4-5.
[12]陈祖权.我国海洋灾害的成因浅析.地理教育,2006,(6):19-20.
[13]程莲,张进福,李万明,杨乐,殷华,赖先齐.绿洲盐渍化农区建设新农村问题的分析-以石河子大学实验农场为例.新疆农业科学,2007,44(2):239-242.
[14]邓岳,王志勇,王连湘.京沪高速公路天津段工程建设对蓄、滞洪区及沿线土壤盐渍化的影响分析.交通环保,2003,24(增刊):186-188.
[15]丁继新,胡龙伟.我国沿海地区的风暴潮灾害及预防.测绘科学,1998,(2):30-34.
[16]段志华.再析天津渤海沿岸风暴潮特性及防御减灾对策.海洋预报,2002,19(1):43-50.
[17]范恩锟(声之).泥沽海口,天津历史资料.天津历史研究所编,1965,3.
[18]房云波,孟春玲.保护地内土壤次生盐渍化对土壤性状的影响及对策.辽宁农业科学,2006,(6):40-41.
[19]房浩,李善峰,叶晓滨.天津市风暴潮经济损失评估.海洋环境科学,2007,26(3):271-274.
[20]冯砚青,牛佳.中国海岸带环境问题的研究综述.海洋地质动态,2004,20(10):1-5.
[21]耿秀山,傅命佐,程振波,徐孝诗,王永吉,李文琴,郑毅,Fujii S.,Sakamoto T.,Kusuda T,1991.河北-天津沿海平原贝壳堤的生物地质学与年代学.中国第四纪海岸线变化(秦蕴珊,赵松龄主编),海洋出版社,73-87.
[22]关元秀,刘高焕.区域土壤盐渍化遥感监测研究综述.遥感技术与应用.2001,16(1):40-44.
[23]国家海洋局.2006年中国海平面公报.www.soa.gov.cn,2007.
[24]国家海洋局.2007年中国海平面公报.www.gov.cn,2008.
[25]郭然,王效科,欧阳志云,刘国华,段晓男.中国土地沙漠化、水土流失和盐渍化的原因和驱动力:总体分析.自然资源学报,2004,19(1):119-127.
[26]郭占荣,黄奕普.海水入侵问题研究综述.水文,2003,23(3):10-15.
[27]河北省地貌专业组,1986.河北省海岸带即滩涂资源综合调查-地貌调查报告.
[28]河北省海岸带资源编辑委员会.河北省海岸带资源.河北省科学技术出版社,1989,1816.
[29]韩震,金亚秋,恽才兴.我国海岸带及其近海资源环境监测的遥感技术应用.遥感信息,2006,(5):64-71.
[30]胡俊杰,蒙爱军.天津地区的相对海平面上升与地面沉降.海洋环境保护,(2):7,17-19.
[31]胡平香,张鹰,姜杰.海岸带滩涂地貌演变遥感方法研究.海洋技术,2004,23(4):130-139.
[32]黄立人,匡绍君,杨贵业.GPS观测得到的天津地区的现今变形.大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(4):17-20.
[33]江红南,徐佑成,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,阿不都·海力力.干旱区土壤盐渍化遥感监测方法研究.云南地理环境研究,2007,1,(1).
[34]江红南,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,徐佑成,赵睿.于田绿洲土壤盐渍化遥感监测研究.干旱区研究,2007,24(2):168-173.
[35]姜效典,庄镇业.应用人工神经网络方法对海水入侵危害程度划区分类.自然灾害学报,1994,3(4):63-68.
[36]金爱善.采用神经网络模型对天津滨海新区地面沉降预测的研究.现代地质.2000,14(4):475-478.
[37]康慧,李建芬,钟新宝.渤海湾西岸泥质海岸带现代地质环境变化的遥感监测.前寒武纪第四纪地质文集编委会主编:前寒武纪第四纪地质文集,2002,205-213.
[38]赖忠平,张景昭,卢演俦.沙漠黄土边界带湖相沉积糜地湾剖面红外释光测年.海洋地质 与第四纪地质.2001,21(1):75-80.
[39]李凤林,王宏,阎玉忠等.渤海湾西岸滨海平原晚第四纪以来的沉积间断.地质调查与研究,2004,27(3):177-183.
[40]李凤林,王宏,王云生等.渤海湾滨海平原全新统层型剖面地层划分与建组.地质通报,2005,24(2):124-135.
[41]李鸿章,张树声(编修).畿辅通志.商务印书馆.1884.
[42]李建芬,王宏,夏威岚,Goodbred S.L.,康慧,张玉发.渤海湾西岸~(210)pb,~(137)Cs测年与现代沉积速率.地质调查与研究,2003,26(2):114-128.
[43]李建芬,王宏,康慧等.环渤海海岸带近现代地质环境变化综合研究报告.天津地质矿产研究所,2004.
[44]李世瑜.古代渤海湾西部海岸遗迹及地下文物的初步调查研究.考古,1962,652-657.
[45]李小峰,王静,刘亚丽.浅层地下咸水的有效利用是根治天津市土地盐渍化的有效途径.海河水利,200l增刊,6-7.
[46]蔺娟,迪里拜尔·苏力坦.土壤盐渍化的研究进展.新疆大学学报(自然科学版),2007,24(3):318-328.
[47]吝涛,薛雄志,Shawn Shen,卢昌义.厦门海岸带湿地变化的研究中国人口·资源与环境,2006,16(4):73-77.
[48]刘安国,张德山.环渤海历史风暴潮探讨.青岛海洋大学学报,1991,21(2):21-36.
[49]刘杜娟.中国沿海地区地面沉降问题思考.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,15(4):87-90.
[50]刘家宜.中国天津古海岸与湿地自然保护区植物区系的研究.河南科学,1999,17(专辑):20-22.
[51]刘庆生,刘高焕,薛凯,宋红伟.近代及现代黄河三角洲不同尺度地貌单元土壤盐渍化特征浅析.中国农学通报,2006,22(11):353-359.
[52]刘沙滨,阿荣其其格,王琳.内蒙古土地盐渍化典型区域动态监测研究.中国环境监测,2001,17(4):24-27.
[53]刘文岭,郑小慎.天津海岸带遥感图像综合解译技术研究.测控自动化,2006,22:5-1.
[54]刘锡清.我国海洋环境地质,海洋地质动态.2005,21(5):10-22.
[55]吕岩梅,杨佳禄,姜乐政,金妮妮,张玲玲.浅析海洋环境保护在海洋经济发展中的作用.齐鲁渔业,2005,22(6):45.
[56]马凤山,蔡祖煌.论海水入侵综合防治应用技术.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(3):74-78.
[57]马玉兰,眭克仁.宁夏引黄灌区土壤盐渍化动态变化规律的研究与探讨.宁夏农林科技,2006,(4):35-37.
[58]马振兴,王杰.天津滨海地区自然灾害及减灾对策.天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,17(1):59-63.
[59]马振兴.天津市海洋灾害及其影响分析.海洋通报,2006,25(2):41-54.
[60]毛任钊,刘小京.海河低平原盐渍区农业生态环境质量评价指征的研究.生态农业研究,2000,8(3):59-62.
[61]茅志昌,沈焕庭,徐彭令.长江河口咸潮入侵规律及淡水资源利用.地理学报,2000,55(2):243-250.
[62]裴艳东,王宏,范昌福等.天津市海岸带调查报告.天津地质矿产研究所,2008.
[63]彭涛.海洋灾害离中国并不遥远.晾望新闻周刊,2005.1.3,1,10-11.
[64]任立生,黄立人,周俊,柳礁.天津GPS沉降监测的十年试验结果.测绘科学,2006,31(4):17-19.
[65]沈荷芳,林云芬.海水倒灌农田土壤盐渍化的治理.新农村,1999,5,13.
[66]沈瑞生,冯砚青,牛佳.中国海岸带环境问题及其可持续发展对策.地域研究与开发,2005,24(3):124-128.
[67]施平,郭洪寿.塘沽温带风暴潮及其预报研究.海洋预报服务,1984,1(1):33-42.
[68]施建堂.海平面上升与天津沿海风暴潮特征.海洋信息,1999,4,25-26.
[69]施建堂.近10多年来我国沿海海平面变化和风暴潮.防灾减灾,2002,(2):23-24.
[70]顺直水利委员会.渤海湾沿海地区1:50,000地形图.1928.
[71]唐书平,赵目军,邓晓颖,王关杰,王金山,焦红军,杨利国.黄河下游影响带(河南段)土壤盐渍化分析评价.人民黄河,2006,28(7):74-75.
[72]滕骏华,楼秀琳,孙美仙,厉冬玲,张华国.海岸带环境遥感信息的系统集成.海洋学研究,2006,24(4).
[73]田长彦,周宏飞,刘国庆.21世纪新疆土壤盐渍化调控与农业.持续发展研究建议,干旱区地理.2000,23(2):177-181.
[74]田德培,马广杰.天津市地面沉降分区图.见:孙文承等主编.天津市地质环境图集,地质出版社,2004,149-152.
[75]天津市控制地面沉降工作办公室.2005年天津市地面沉降年报.2006,1-15.
[76]天津市海岸带地质地貌协调组.天津市海岸带综合地质普查报告.见:孙章诚,黄秋圃,陈天生等主编.1985,16-24.
[77]天津市海岸带和海涂资源综合调查领导小组地貌专业组.天津市海岸带地貌调查报告.1985,1-45.
[78]天津市海岸带和海涂资源综合调查领导小组办公室.天津市防强潮、防洪涝对策研究参考资料.1988,1-47.
[79]王爱华,董树龙.地面沉降对防潮闸的影响分析.工程与建设,2007,21(5):669-671.
[80]王爱军.近年来我国海洋灾害损失及防灾减灾策略.江苏地质,2005,29(2):98-101.
[81]王斌.中国海洋环境现状及保护对策.环境保护,2006,10,24-29.
[82]王德刚,田宏宇.松嫩平原西部盐碱化土壤问题及治理情况研究.中国农村小康科技,2007,6,79-81.
[83]王福,钟新宝,康慧,李建芬,李凤林.天津市及其沿海地区地表高程变化现状及趋势.地质通报,2005,24(1):87-91.
[84]王福,王宏等.环渤海海岸带及海区~(210)pb、~(137)Cs同位素测年的研究现状.地质论评,2006,52(2):244-250.
[85]王福.天津及其沿海地区现代沉积速率及现代地表环境变化.吉林大学硕士论文,2006,1-60.
[86]王福,商志文,王宏等.天津市潮间带后备土地资源评价与选划阶段性成果报告.天津地质矿产研究所,2006.
[87]王福,裴艳东,王宏.天津潮间带现代积速率空间分布特征.送审中,2008.
[88]王宏.渤海湾牡蛎礁与新构造活动,新构造与环境(卢演俦,高维明,陈国星,陈杰主编),地震出版社,2001,171-184.
[89]王宏,张金起,张玉发,李建芬,李凤林.渤海湾西岸第一道贝壳堤的年代学研究及1千年来的岸线变化.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000a,20(2):7-14.
[90]王宏,张玉发,张金起,李建芬,李凤林.渤海湾西岸第二道贝壳堤的细分及其年龄序列.地球学报,2000b,21(3):320-327.
[91]王宏,李建芬,张玉发,张金起,李凤林.渤海湾西岸年轻贝壳堤:形态、结构及多成因过程.地质论评,2000c,46(3):276-287.
[92]王宏,康慧,李建芬等.泥质海岸带现代地质作用(沉积、剥蚀及岸线变迁)与精细测年研究报告.2002,1-76.
[93]王宏,姜义,夏威岚,Goodbred S.L.,Van Strydonck M.,李建芬,康慧.渤海湾老狼坨子海岸带~(14)C,~(210)pb,~(137)Cs测年与现代沉积速率的加速趋势.地质通报,2003,22(9):658-664.
[94]王宏.渤海湾地质环境状况:2007年报告.2007.
[95]王宏,商志文,裴艳东,王福,范昌福,刘志广,田立柱,车继英.飓风的启示:渤海湾西岸现状与趋势分析.地质论评,2007,53(1):83-91.
[96]王兰化,张士金.地面沉降、海平面上升对天津市海岸带的影响.见:中国地质调查局编.海岸带地质环境与城市发展论文集,北京:大地出版社,2005:184-189.
[97]王万筠,殷海涛,赵玉洁.近50年滨海新区风暴潮及强增水个例分析.天津航海,2007,(2):66-69.
[98]王喜年.全球海洋的风暴潮灾害情况.海洋预报,1993,10,1,30-36.
[99]王一红,尚嗣荣.渤海湾风暴潮灾害及对策.灾害学,1999,14(3):70-74.
[100]王颖.渤海湾西部贝壳堤与古海岸线问题.南京大学学报,1964,8(3):424-443.
[101]王云生,王宏,张玉发等.泥质海岸带浅表地层沉积序列区域地质调查方法.地质通报,2002,21(12):898-903.
[102]王振平.保护地土壤次生盐渍化及生化治理技术.科技信息,2004,8,41.
[103]翁永玲,宫鹏.土壤盐渍化遥感应用研究进展.地理科学,2006,26(3):369-375.
[104]吴少华,王喜年,宋珊,马毓倩.天津沿海风暴潮灾害概述及统计分析.海洋预报,2002,19(1):29-35.
[105]吴涛,康建成,王芳,郑琰明.全球海平面变化研究新进展.地球科学进展,2006,21(7):730-737.
[106]辛江,王教河,马举.辽宁沿海地区海水入侵的成因及防治措施.东北水利水电,2002,20(213):10-11.
[107]徐家声,刘刻福,李肇基,张金溪,孙德金,邱肯堂,秦曙光.唐宋以来渤海湾西岸岐口狼坨子贝壳堤的发育与岸线变化.中国海平面变化(IGCP200中国工作组主编),海洋出版社,1986,61-69.
[108]徐家声,刘鹤智.黄骅海岸带开发环境概论.海洋出版社,1991,1-193.
[109]徐家声.渤海湾贝壳堤与海平面变化.海洋学报,1994,16(1):68-77.
[110]许富祥.天津沿海三次特大风暴潮灾成因分析及预防对策.海洋预报,2002,19(1):36-42.
[111]许林之.海洋灾害对我国沿海经济发展的影响.海洋开发与管理,996,(3):34-39.
[112]杨永利,徐君,富东英,郝晋珉.滨海重盐渍荒漠化地区生态重建生物技术模式的研究-以天津滨海新区为例.农业环境科学学报,2004,23(2):359-363.
[113]尹建道,吴春森,杨进军,任志雨,王淑英,石福臣.天津市盐碱土面积考证及其动态分析.天津农业科学,2006,12(1):1-4.
[114]殷建平,王友绍,徐继荣,孙翠慈,张风琴,何磊.特大咸潮对珠江入海河段环境要素的影响.热带海洋学报.2006,25(4):79-84.
[115]余敦和.灌区土壤盐渍化现状及改良、防治措施建议.甘肃农业,2004,(11):65-66.
[116]于保华.我国的海洋灾害及减灾防灾对策.海洋信息,1995,4,9-11.
[117]于保华,李宜良,姜丽.21世纪中国城市海洋灾害防御战略研究.华南地震,2006,26(1):67-75.
[118]恽才兴.渤海湾典型岸段近岸过程研究.中国工程科学,2001,3(3):42-51.
[119]臧波,向波,张功亚,刘新.油田次生盐渍化土对几种作物的影响.湖北农业科学,2007,46(2):228-231.
[120]翟乾祥.渤海湾西岸的海蚀现象.历史时期渤海湾沿岸的变迁(九).1963,1-40.
[121]翟乾祥.渤海西岸的形成和演变过程:关于华北平原全新世的一些问题.1976,1-39.
[122]翟乾祥.渤海沿岸历史海啸(风暴潮)资料年表及初步分析.天津市历史博物馆古代史组.1978,1-41.
[123 赵彩芹.保护地土壤次生盐渍化的危害及防治.陕西农业科学,2005,2,82-83.
[124]朝闻天下.天津滨海新区规划宜考虑海面上升因素,中央电视台.2007.12.1.
[125]赵希涛.渤海湾西岸全新世海岸线变迁.华北断块区的形成与发展(中国科学院地质研究所、国家地震局地质研究所主编),科学出版社,1980,302-309.
[126]赵希涛,张景文,焦文强,李桂英.渤海湾西岸的贝壳堤.科学通报,1980,25(6):279-281.
[127]赵志萍.保护地土壤盐渍化原因与防治.实用技术,2005,3,32-33.
[128]张伟,沈振荣,提高土壤盐渍化遥感解译调查精度的方法及应用结果.甘肃农业科技,2005,12,26-27.
[129]张蔚榛,张瑜芳.对灌区水盐平衡和控制土壤盐渍化的一些认识.中国农村水利水电,2003,8,13-18.
[130]张雪莹,邵荣敏,高孟川.天津沿海风暴潮的成因与防灾减灾措施研究.天津理:[大学学报,2005,21(2):60-63.
[131]张燕光.风暴潮对天津沿海地区经济发展的影响及建议.天津科技,2004,1,24.
[132]张鹰,丁贤荣.中国风暴潮灾害与沿海城市防潮.海洋预报,1996,13(4):47-51.
[133]张振克,丁海燕.近十年来中国大陆沿海地区重大海洋灾害分析.海洋地质动态,2004,20(7):25-27.
[134]张征云,孙贻超,孙静,邵晓龙,李红柳.天津市土壤盐渍化现状与敏感性评价.农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):354-957.
[135]中国科学院地学部.海平面上升对中国三角洲地区的影响及对策.见:任美锷主编.中国科学院院士咨询报告.科学出版社,1994,1.353.
[136]钟新宝,康慧.渤海湾海岸带近现代地质环境变化.第四纪研究,2002,22(2):131-135.
[137]周洪杰.海水入侵对大连市牧城驿地区农田土壤生态的影响.国土与自然资源研究,2006,4,34-35.
[138]周明.本市地面沉降速率减缓.城市快报,2006.11.30:第12版,经济/股评.
[139]邹涛,刘秀梅,叶凤娟.天津沿岸海浪特征及分析.海洋预报,2002,19(4):11-16.
[140]邹涛,刘秀梅,梅丽杰,叶风娟.天津市海洋灾害的防治研究.天津科技,2004,3,19-20.
[141]Albritton D.L.,Allen M.R.,Baede A.P.M.,Church J.A.et al.Summary for Policymakers.A Report of Working Group 67 of IPCC,2001.
[142]Bourne J.K.,Turner T.The perils of New Orleans.National Geographic,2007,212(2):32-67.
[143]Jonkman S.N.,Stive M.J.E,Vrijling J.K.New Orlean is a lesson to the Dutch.Journal of Coastal Research,2005,21(6):10-12.
[144]Lavery S.,Donovan B.Flood risk management in the Thames Estuary looking ahead 100years.Philos.T.Roy.Soc.A,2005,363,1455-1474.
[145]Lowe J.A.,Gregory J.M.The effects of climate change on storm surges around the United Kingdom.Philos.T.Roy.Soc.A.2005,363,1313-1328.
[146]Nicholls R.J.,Wong P.P.,Burkett V.R.et al.Costal systems and low-lying areas,Climate Change 2007:Impacts,Adaptation and Vulnerability,IPCC WGII AR4,In:Parry M.L.,Canziani O.F.,Palutikof J.R et al.eds.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,2007,315-356.
[147]Phillips A.G.,Furlong M.,Fekete E.Carbon's New Math to deal with globe warming,the first step is to do the numbers. National Geographic, 2007, 212(4):32-37.
[148]Solomon S., Qin D., Manning M. et al. Climate Change 2007: Summary for Policymakers,IPCC WG1 AR4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA,2007,1-18.
[149]Van de Plassche O. Sea-level change and water-level movements in the Netherlands during the Holocene. PhD Dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1982,1-148.
[150]Van de Plassche O. Introduction, In: Sea-Level Research: A Manual for the Collection and Evaluation of Data. Van de Plassche O. ed., 1986,1-26.
[151]Wang Ying and Ke Xiankun. Cheniers on the east coastal plain of China. Marine Geology,1989,90,321-335.
[152]Wang Hong. Isostasy and Holocene high sea levels in East and Southeast Asia. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 1992, 7(1):17-21.
[153]Wang Hong. Palaeoenvironment of Holocene chenier and oyster reefs in the Bohai Bay (China). PhD Dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1994,1-249.
[154]Wang Hong and Van Strydonck M. Chronology of Holocene cheniers and oyster reefs on the coast of Bohai Bay. China, Quaternary Research, 1997, 47,192-205.
[2]班英华.北部湾风暴潮灾害分析.人民珠江,1997,(1):22-24.
[3]包澄澜.海啸及风暴潮灾害简介.东北地震研究,2005,21(2):9-15.
[4]包枫,刘波.天津市地面沉降对防潮堤的影响及损失研究.地质灾害,2007,10(9):63-65.
[5]蔡爱智,1981.渤海湾贝壳堤成因初步研究,海洋科学集刊,18,117-132.
[6]蔡爱智,蔡月娥,1985.以海成地貌和滨海沉积研究全新世的海平面和海岸线问题,中国第四纪海岸线学术讨论会论文集(中国第四纪研究委员会,中国海洋学会编),35-46.
[7]蔡志远.保护地土壤次生盐渍化的形成与防治.天津农林科技,2005,(1):24-26.
[8]蔡祖煌,马凤山.海水入侵的基本理论及其在入侵发展预测中的应用.中国地质灾害与防治学报,1996,7(3):1-9.
[9]苍树溪,薛胜吉,李铁钢.海面变化与人类环境.海洋科学,1995,(6):19-23.
[10]曹晓娟,陈明,冯鑫,李炳华.径向基人工神经网络法在土壤盐渍化调查中的应用.岩矿测试,2007,26(1):33-35.
[11]陈洪全,张忍顺.我国的海洋灾害及其防治_中学地理,2005,(4):4-5.
[12]陈祖权.我国海洋灾害的成因浅析.地理教育,2006,(6):19-20.
[13]程莲,张进福,李万明,杨乐,殷华,赖先齐.绿洲盐渍化农区建设新农村问题的分析-以石河子大学实验农场为例.新疆农业科学,2007,44(2):239-242.
[14]邓岳,王志勇,王连湘.京沪高速公路天津段工程建设对蓄、滞洪区及沿线土壤盐渍化的影响分析.交通环保,2003,24(增刊):186-188.
[15]丁继新,胡龙伟.我国沿海地区的风暴潮灾害及预防.测绘科学,1998,(2):30-34.
[16]段志华.再析天津渤海沿岸风暴潮特性及防御减灾对策.海洋预报,2002,19(1):43-50.
[17]范恩锟(声之).泥沽海口,天津历史资料.天津历史研究所编,1965,3.
[18]房云波,孟春玲.保护地内土壤次生盐渍化对土壤性状的影响及对策.辽宁农业科学,2006,(6):40-41.
[19]房浩,李善峰,叶晓滨.天津市风暴潮经济损失评估.海洋环境科学,2007,26(3):271-274.
[20]冯砚青,牛佳.中国海岸带环境问题的研究综述.海洋地质动态,2004,20(10):1-5.
[21]耿秀山,傅命佐,程振波,徐孝诗,王永吉,李文琴,郑毅,Fujii S.,Sakamoto T.,Kusuda T,1991.河北-天津沿海平原贝壳堤的生物地质学与年代学.中国第四纪海岸线变化(秦蕴珊,赵松龄主编),海洋出版社,73-87.
[22]关元秀,刘高焕.区域土壤盐渍化遥感监测研究综述.遥感技术与应用.2001,16(1):40-44.
[23]国家海洋局.2006年中国海平面公报.www.soa.gov.cn,2007.
[24]国家海洋局.2007年中国海平面公报.www.gov.cn,2008.
[25]郭然,王效科,欧阳志云,刘国华,段晓男.中国土地沙漠化、水土流失和盐渍化的原因和驱动力:总体分析.自然资源学报,2004,19(1):119-127.
[26]郭占荣,黄奕普.海水入侵问题研究综述.水文,2003,23(3):10-15.
[27]河北省地貌专业组,1986.河北省海岸带即滩涂资源综合调查-地貌调查报告.
[28]河北省海岸带资源编辑委员会.河北省海岸带资源.河北省科学技术出版社,1989,1816.
[29]韩震,金亚秋,恽才兴.我国海岸带及其近海资源环境监测的遥感技术应用.遥感信息,2006,(5):64-71.
[30]胡俊杰,蒙爱军.天津地区的相对海平面上升与地面沉降.海洋环境保护,(2):7,17-19.
[31]胡平香,张鹰,姜杰.海岸带滩涂地貌演变遥感方法研究.海洋技术,2004,23(4):130-139.
[32]黄立人,匡绍君,杨贵业.GPS观测得到的天津地区的现今变形.大地测量与地球动力学,2002,22(4):17-20.
[33]江红南,徐佑成,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,阿不都·海力力.干旱区土壤盐渍化遥感监测方法研究.云南地理环境研究,2007,1,(1).
[34]江红南,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,徐佑成,赵睿.于田绿洲土壤盐渍化遥感监测研究.干旱区研究,2007,24(2):168-173.
[35]姜效典,庄镇业.应用人工神经网络方法对海水入侵危害程度划区分类.自然灾害学报,1994,3(4):63-68.
[36]金爱善.采用神经网络模型对天津滨海新区地面沉降预测的研究.现代地质.2000,14(4):475-478.
[37]康慧,李建芬,钟新宝.渤海湾西岸泥质海岸带现代地质环境变化的遥感监测.前寒武纪第四纪地质文集编委会主编:前寒武纪第四纪地质文集,2002,205-213.
[38]赖忠平,张景昭,卢演俦.沙漠黄土边界带湖相沉积糜地湾剖面红外释光测年.海洋地质 与第四纪地质.2001,21(1):75-80.
[39]李凤林,王宏,阎玉忠等.渤海湾西岸滨海平原晚第四纪以来的沉积间断.地质调查与研究,2004,27(3):177-183.
[40]李凤林,王宏,王云生等.渤海湾滨海平原全新统层型剖面地层划分与建组.地质通报,2005,24(2):124-135.
[41]李鸿章,张树声(编修).畿辅通志.商务印书馆.1884.
[42]李建芬,王宏,夏威岚,Goodbred S.L.,康慧,张玉发.渤海湾西岸~(210)pb,~(137)Cs测年与现代沉积速率.地质调查与研究,2003,26(2):114-128.
[43]李建芬,王宏,康慧等.环渤海海岸带近现代地质环境变化综合研究报告.天津地质矿产研究所,2004.
[44]李世瑜.古代渤海湾西部海岸遗迹及地下文物的初步调查研究.考古,1962,652-657.
[45]李小峰,王静,刘亚丽.浅层地下咸水的有效利用是根治天津市土地盐渍化的有效途径.海河水利,200l增刊,6-7.
[46]蔺娟,迪里拜尔·苏力坦.土壤盐渍化的研究进展.新疆大学学报(自然科学版),2007,24(3):318-328.
[47]吝涛,薛雄志,Shawn Shen,卢昌义.厦门海岸带湿地变化的研究中国人口·资源与环境,2006,16(4):73-77.
[48]刘安国,张德山.环渤海历史风暴潮探讨.青岛海洋大学学报,1991,21(2):21-36.
[49]刘杜娟.中国沿海地区地面沉降问题思考.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,15(4):87-90.
[50]刘家宜.中国天津古海岸与湿地自然保护区植物区系的研究.河南科学,1999,17(专辑):20-22.
[51]刘庆生,刘高焕,薛凯,宋红伟.近代及现代黄河三角洲不同尺度地貌单元土壤盐渍化特征浅析.中国农学通报,2006,22(11):353-359.
[52]刘沙滨,阿荣其其格,王琳.内蒙古土地盐渍化典型区域动态监测研究.中国环境监测,2001,17(4):24-27.
[53]刘文岭,郑小慎.天津海岸带遥感图像综合解译技术研究.测控自动化,2006,22:5-1.
[54]刘锡清.我国海洋环境地质,海洋地质动态.2005,21(5):10-22.
[55]吕岩梅,杨佳禄,姜乐政,金妮妮,张玲玲.浅析海洋环境保护在海洋经济发展中的作用.齐鲁渔业,2005,22(6):45.
[56]马凤山,蔡祖煌.论海水入侵综合防治应用技术.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(3):74-78.
[57]马玉兰,眭克仁.宁夏引黄灌区土壤盐渍化动态变化规律的研究与探讨.宁夏农林科技,2006,(4):35-37.
[58]马振兴,王杰.天津滨海地区自然灾害及减灾对策.天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,17(1):59-63.
[59]马振兴.天津市海洋灾害及其影响分析.海洋通报,2006,25(2):41-54.
[60]毛任钊,刘小京.海河低平原盐渍区农业生态环境质量评价指征的研究.生态农业研究,2000,8(3):59-62.
[61]茅志昌,沈焕庭,徐彭令.长江河口咸潮入侵规律及淡水资源利用.地理学报,2000,55(2):243-250.
[62]裴艳东,王宏,范昌福等.天津市海岸带调查报告.天津地质矿产研究所,2008.
[63]彭涛.海洋灾害离中国并不遥远.晾望新闻周刊,2005.1.3,1,10-11.
[64]任立生,黄立人,周俊,柳礁.天津GPS沉降监测的十年试验结果.测绘科学,2006,31(4):17-19.
[65]沈荷芳,林云芬.海水倒灌农田土壤盐渍化的治理.新农村,1999,5,13.
[66]沈瑞生,冯砚青,牛佳.中国海岸带环境问题及其可持续发展对策.地域研究与开发,2005,24(3):124-128.
[67]施平,郭洪寿.塘沽温带风暴潮及其预报研究.海洋预报服务,1984,1(1):33-42.
[68]施建堂.海平面上升与天津沿海风暴潮特征.海洋信息,1999,4,25-26.
[69]施建堂.近10多年来我国沿海海平面变化和风暴潮.防灾减灾,2002,(2):23-24.
[70]顺直水利委员会.渤海湾沿海地区1:50,000地形图.1928.
[71]唐书平,赵目军,邓晓颖,王关杰,王金山,焦红军,杨利国.黄河下游影响带(河南段)土壤盐渍化分析评价.人民黄河,2006,28(7):74-75.
[72]滕骏华,楼秀琳,孙美仙,厉冬玲,张华国.海岸带环境遥感信息的系统集成.海洋学研究,2006,24(4).
[73]田长彦,周宏飞,刘国庆.21世纪新疆土壤盐渍化调控与农业.持续发展研究建议,干旱区地理.2000,23(2):177-181.
[74]田德培,马广杰.天津市地面沉降分区图.见:孙文承等主编.天津市地质环境图集,地质出版社,2004,149-152.
[75]天津市控制地面沉降工作办公室.2005年天津市地面沉降年报.2006,1-15.
[76]天津市海岸带地质地貌协调组.天津市海岸带综合地质普查报告.见:孙章诚,黄秋圃,陈天生等主编.1985,16-24.
[77]天津市海岸带和海涂资源综合调查领导小组地貌专业组.天津市海岸带地貌调查报告.1985,1-45.
[78]天津市海岸带和海涂资源综合调查领导小组办公室.天津市防强潮、防洪涝对策研究参考资料.1988,1-47.
[79]王爱华,董树龙.地面沉降对防潮闸的影响分析.工程与建设,2007,21(5):669-671.
[80]王爱军.近年来我国海洋灾害损失及防灾减灾策略.江苏地质,2005,29(2):98-101.
[81]王斌.中国海洋环境现状及保护对策.环境保护,2006,10,24-29.
[82]王德刚,田宏宇.松嫩平原西部盐碱化土壤问题及治理情况研究.中国农村小康科技,2007,6,79-81.
[83]王福,钟新宝,康慧,李建芬,李凤林.天津市及其沿海地区地表高程变化现状及趋势.地质通报,2005,24(1):87-91.
[84]王福,王宏等.环渤海海岸带及海区~(210)pb、~(137)Cs同位素测年的研究现状.地质论评,2006,52(2):244-250.
[85]王福.天津及其沿海地区现代沉积速率及现代地表环境变化.吉林大学硕士论文,2006,1-60.
[86]王福,商志文,王宏等.天津市潮间带后备土地资源评价与选划阶段性成果报告.天津地质矿产研究所,2006.
[87]王福,裴艳东,王宏.天津潮间带现代积速率空间分布特征.送审中,2008.
[88]王宏.渤海湾牡蛎礁与新构造活动,新构造与环境(卢演俦,高维明,陈国星,陈杰主编),地震出版社,2001,171-184.
[89]王宏,张金起,张玉发,李建芬,李凤林.渤海湾西岸第一道贝壳堤的年代学研究及1千年来的岸线变化.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000a,20(2):7-14.
[90]王宏,张玉发,张金起,李建芬,李凤林.渤海湾西岸第二道贝壳堤的细分及其年龄序列.地球学报,2000b,21(3):320-327.
[91]王宏,李建芬,张玉发,张金起,李凤林.渤海湾西岸年轻贝壳堤:形态、结构及多成因过程.地质论评,2000c,46(3):276-287.
[92]王宏,康慧,李建芬等.泥质海岸带现代地质作用(沉积、剥蚀及岸线变迁)与精细测年研究报告.2002,1-76.
[93]王宏,姜义,夏威岚,Goodbred S.L.,Van Strydonck M.,李建芬,康慧.渤海湾老狼坨子海岸带~(14)C,~(210)pb,~(137)Cs测年与现代沉积速率的加速趋势.地质通报,2003,22(9):658-664.
[94]王宏.渤海湾地质环境状况:2007年报告.2007.
[95]王宏,商志文,裴艳东,王福,范昌福,刘志广,田立柱,车继英.飓风的启示:渤海湾西岸现状与趋势分析.地质论评,2007,53(1):83-91.
[96]王兰化,张士金.地面沉降、海平面上升对天津市海岸带的影响.见:中国地质调查局编.海岸带地质环境与城市发展论文集,北京:大地出版社,2005:184-189.
[97]王万筠,殷海涛,赵玉洁.近50年滨海新区风暴潮及强增水个例分析.天津航海,2007,(2):66-69.
[98]王喜年.全球海洋的风暴潮灾害情况.海洋预报,1993,10,1,30-36.
[99]王一红,尚嗣荣.渤海湾风暴潮灾害及对策.灾害学,1999,14(3):70-74.
[100]王颖.渤海湾西部贝壳堤与古海岸线问题.南京大学学报,1964,8(3):424-443.
[101]王云生,王宏,张玉发等.泥质海岸带浅表地层沉积序列区域地质调查方法.地质通报,2002,21(12):898-903.
[102]王振平.保护地土壤次生盐渍化及生化治理技术.科技信息,2004,8,41.
[103]翁永玲,宫鹏.土壤盐渍化遥感应用研究进展.地理科学,2006,26(3):369-375.
[104]吴少华,王喜年,宋珊,马毓倩.天津沿海风暴潮灾害概述及统计分析.海洋预报,2002,19(1):29-35.
[105]吴涛,康建成,王芳,郑琰明.全球海平面变化研究新进展.地球科学进展,2006,21(7):730-737.
[106]辛江,王教河,马举.辽宁沿海地区海水入侵的成因及防治措施.东北水利水电,2002,20(213):10-11.
[107]徐家声,刘刻福,李肇基,张金溪,孙德金,邱肯堂,秦曙光.唐宋以来渤海湾西岸岐口狼坨子贝壳堤的发育与岸线变化.中国海平面变化(IGCP200中国工作组主编),海洋出版社,1986,61-69.
[108]徐家声,刘鹤智.黄骅海岸带开发环境概论.海洋出版社,1991,1-193.
[109]徐家声.渤海湾贝壳堤与海平面变化.海洋学报,1994,16(1):68-77.
[110]许富祥.天津沿海三次特大风暴潮灾成因分析及预防对策.海洋预报,2002,19(1):36-42.
[111]许林之.海洋灾害对我国沿海经济发展的影响.海洋开发与管理,996,(3):34-39.
[112]杨永利,徐君,富东英,郝晋珉.滨海重盐渍荒漠化地区生态重建生物技术模式的研究-以天津滨海新区为例.农业环境科学学报,2004,23(2):359-363.
[113]尹建道,吴春森,杨进军,任志雨,王淑英,石福臣.天津市盐碱土面积考证及其动态分析.天津农业科学,2006,12(1):1-4.
[114]殷建平,王友绍,徐继荣,孙翠慈,张风琴,何磊.特大咸潮对珠江入海河段环境要素的影响.热带海洋学报.2006,25(4):79-84.
[115]余敦和.灌区土壤盐渍化现状及改良、防治措施建议.甘肃农业,2004,(11):65-66.
[116]于保华.我国的海洋灾害及减灾防灾对策.海洋信息,1995,4,9-11.
[117]于保华,李宜良,姜丽.21世纪中国城市海洋灾害防御战略研究.华南地震,2006,26(1):67-75.
[118]恽才兴.渤海湾典型岸段近岸过程研究.中国工程科学,2001,3(3):42-51.
[119]臧波,向波,张功亚,刘新.油田次生盐渍化土对几种作物的影响.湖北农业科学,2007,46(2):228-231.
[120]翟乾祥.渤海湾西岸的海蚀现象.历史时期渤海湾沿岸的变迁(九).1963,1-40.
[121]翟乾祥.渤海西岸的形成和演变过程:关于华北平原全新世的一些问题.1976,1-39.
[122]翟乾祥.渤海沿岸历史海啸(风暴潮)资料年表及初步分析.天津市历史博物馆古代史组.1978,1-41.
[123 赵彩芹.保护地土壤次生盐渍化的危害及防治.陕西农业科学,2005,2,82-83.
[124]朝闻天下.天津滨海新区规划宜考虑海面上升因素,中央电视台.2007.12.1.
[125]赵希涛.渤海湾西岸全新世海岸线变迁.华北断块区的形成与发展(中国科学院地质研究所、国家地震局地质研究所主编),科学出版社,1980,302-309.
[126]赵希涛,张景文,焦文强,李桂英.渤海湾西岸的贝壳堤.科学通报,1980,25(6):279-281.
[127]赵志萍.保护地土壤盐渍化原因与防治.实用技术,2005,3,32-33.
[128]张伟,沈振荣,提高土壤盐渍化遥感解译调查精度的方法及应用结果.甘肃农业科技,2005,12,26-27.
[129]张蔚榛,张瑜芳.对灌区水盐平衡和控制土壤盐渍化的一些认识.中国农村水利水电,2003,8,13-18.
[130]张雪莹,邵荣敏,高孟川.天津沿海风暴潮的成因与防灾减灾措施研究.天津理:[大学学报,2005,21(2):60-63.
[131]张燕光.风暴潮对天津沿海地区经济发展的影响及建议.天津科技,2004,1,24.
[132]张鹰,丁贤荣.中国风暴潮灾害与沿海城市防潮.海洋预报,1996,13(4):47-51.
[133]张振克,丁海燕.近十年来中国大陆沿海地区重大海洋灾害分析.海洋地质动态,2004,20(7):25-27.
[134]张征云,孙贻超,孙静,邵晓龙,李红柳.天津市土壤盐渍化现状与敏感性评价.农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):354-957.
[135]中国科学院地学部.海平面上升对中国三角洲地区的影响及对策.见:任美锷主编.中国科学院院士咨询报告.科学出版社,1994,1.353.
[136]钟新宝,康慧.渤海湾海岸带近现代地质环境变化.第四纪研究,2002,22(2):131-135.
[137]周洪杰.海水入侵对大连市牧城驿地区农田土壤生态的影响.国土与自然资源研究,2006,4,34-35.
[138]周明.本市地面沉降速率减缓.城市快报,2006.11.30:第12版,经济/股评.
[139]邹涛,刘秀梅,叶凤娟.天津沿岸海浪特征及分析.海洋预报,2002,19(4):11-16.
[140]邹涛,刘秀梅,梅丽杰,叶风娟.天津市海洋灾害的防治研究.天津科技,2004,3,19-20.
[141]Albritton D.L.,Allen M.R.,Baede A.P.M.,Church J.A.et al.Summary for Policymakers.A Report of Working Group 67 of IPCC,2001.
[142]Bourne J.K.,Turner T.The perils of New Orleans.National Geographic,2007,212(2):32-67.
[143]Jonkman S.N.,Stive M.J.E,Vrijling J.K.New Orlean is a lesson to the Dutch.Journal of Coastal Research,2005,21(6):10-12.
[144]Lavery S.,Donovan B.Flood risk management in the Thames Estuary looking ahead 100years.Philos.T.Roy.Soc.A,2005,363,1455-1474.
[145]Lowe J.A.,Gregory J.M.The effects of climate change on storm surges around the United Kingdom.Philos.T.Roy.Soc.A.2005,363,1313-1328.
[146]Nicholls R.J.,Wong P.P.,Burkett V.R.et al.Costal systems and low-lying areas,Climate Change 2007:Impacts,Adaptation and Vulnerability,IPCC WGII AR4,In:Parry M.L.,Canziani O.F.,Palutikof J.R et al.eds.Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,2007,315-356.
[147]Phillips A.G.,Furlong M.,Fekete E.Carbon's New Math to deal with globe warming,the first step is to do the numbers. National Geographic, 2007, 212(4):32-37.
[148]Solomon S., Qin D., Manning M. et al. Climate Change 2007: Summary for Policymakers,IPCC WG1 AR4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA,2007,1-18.
[149]Van de Plassche O. Sea-level change and water-level movements in the Netherlands during the Holocene. PhD Dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1982,1-148.
[150]Van de Plassche O. Introduction, In: Sea-Level Research: A Manual for the Collection and Evaluation of Data. Van de Plassche O. ed., 1986,1-26.
[151]Wang Ying and Ke Xiankun. Cheniers on the east coastal plain of China. Marine Geology,1989,90,321-335.
[152]Wang Hong. Isostasy and Holocene high sea levels in East and Southeast Asia. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 1992, 7(1):17-21.
[153]Wang Hong. Palaeoenvironment of Holocene chenier and oyster reefs in the Bohai Bay (China). PhD Dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1994,1-249.
[154]Wang Hong and Van Strydonck M. Chronology of Holocene cheniers and oyster reefs on the coast of Bohai Bay. China, Quaternary Research, 1997, 47,192-205.